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{{Short description|Annual awards for cinematic achievements}}
{{pp-move}}
{{Redirect-multi|2|Oscars|The Oscar|other uses|Oscar (disambiguation){{!}}Oscar}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox award
| name = Academy Awards
| previous_awards = 97th Academy Awards
| previous_date = {{start date|2025|3|2}}
| pending_awards =
| pending_date =
| next_awards =
| next_date =
| image = Oscars logo.svg
| image_size = 230px
| image2 =
| alt =
| caption = The Oscars logo
| caption2 =
| awarded_for = Excellence in the [[film industry]]
| presenter = [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]
| country = United States
| firstawarded = {{Start date and age|1929|5|16}}
| network =
| website = {{url|https://www.oscars.org/oscars|oscars.org/oscars}}
}}
The '''Academy Awards''', commonly known as the '''Oscars''', are awards for [[art]]istic and technical merit in [[film]].<ref name="history"/><ref>{{cite web |last=Balaga |first=Marta |date=March 6, 2024 |title=How a More International Oscars Could Change Future Awards Seasons |url=https://variety.com/2024/awards/awards/oscars-global-filmmakers-1235929184/ |access-date=March 6, 2024 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> They are presented annually by the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] (AMPAS) in the United States in recognition of excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy's voting membership.<ref>{{cite web |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=January 20, 2020 |title=Oscars: What the '1917' PGA Win and 'Parasite' SAG Win Mean for Best Picture |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/oscars-2020-what-1917-pga-win-parasite-sag-win-means-best-picture-1271371/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111050650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/oscars-2020-what-1917-pga-win-parasite-sag-win-means-best-picture-1271371/ |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |access-date=February 5, 2023 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> The Oscars are widely considered to be the most prestigious awards in the [[film industry]].<ref>Attributed to multiple references: {{blist|{{cite news |last=Mifflin |first=Lawrie |date=May 22, 1995 |title=More Awards Programs, More Winners, More Money |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/22/business/more-awards-programs-more-winners-more-money.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531221804/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/22/business/more-awards-programs-more-winners-more-money.html |archive-date=May 31, 2013 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331 |quote=People love the Academy Awards — the celebrities, the music, the jokes and the suspense of the most prestigious awards program in show business.}}|{{cite web |date=February 26, 2017 |title=What are the Oscars and BAFTAs and what's the difference? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/25761294 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140120005827/https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/25761294 |archive-date=January 20, 2014 |access-date=April 5, 2022 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |quote=The Oscars are thought to be the most prestigious film awards in the world.}}|{{cite news |last=Whipp |first=Glenn |date=January 9, 2023 |title=Awards show power rankings, from worst to first |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/awards/story/2023-01-09/ranking-awards-shows-oscars-golden-globes |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109142354/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/awards/story/2023-01-09/ranking-awards-shows-oscars-golden-globes |archive-date=January 9, 2023 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |issn=0458-3035 |quote=1. The Oscars}}|{{cite web |last=Vega |first=Nicolas |date=March 26, 2022 |title=The Oscar statuette is the most prestigious prize in Hollywood—here's why it's only worth $1 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/26/why-oscar-statuettes-are-only-worth-1-dollar.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326131849/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/26/why-oscar-statuettes-are-only-worth-1-dollar.html |archive-date=March 26, 2022 |access-date=April 5, 2022 |publisher=[[CNBC]] |quote=Winning an Academy Award is often considered the most prestigious honor you can receive in Hollywood.}}|{{cite news |last=Rao |first=Sonia |date=April 16, 2021 |title=Why do the Oscars matter? |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/04/16/oscars-academy-award-significance/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416115445/https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/04/16/oscars-academy-award-significance/ |archive-date=April 16, 2021 |access-date=May 12, 2021 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |issn=0190-8286 |quote=They are, after all, the most extravagant of award shows, considered important enough for an adjacent industry of publicists and marketing experts to devote months to campaigning, and entertaining enough for a broadcast television network to allocate hours of Sunday night airtime to the ceremony.}}|{{cite web |last=Torres |first=Libby |date=January 21, 2020 |title=The 18 best Oscar hosts of all time, ranked |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/best-oscars-hosts-all-time-2018-1 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201000806/https://www.businessinsider.com/best-oscars-hosts-all-time-2018-1 |archive-date=February 1, 2018 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[Business Insider]] |quote=The Academy Awards are Hollywood's biggest night, and celebrate achievements in cinema by A-list stars and directors.}}|{{cite web |last=Wilkinson |first=Alissa |date=March 2, 2022 |title=The Oscars can't quite decide if they're about America or the whole world |url=https://www.vox.com/22949629/oscars-international-hollywood-global-drive-car-worst-person-parasite |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302140959/https://www.vox.com/22949629/oscars-international-hollywood-global-drive-car-worst-person-parasite |archive-date=March 2, 2022 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |quote=And are the Oscars, given out by Hollywood's most prestigious professional association, the biggest prize in the world — or just in America?}}|{{cite web |last=Kenyon |first=Sandy |date=February 6, 2020 |title=Oscars campaigning: How do studios lobby for Academy Awards? |url=https://abc7news.com/entertainment-sandy-kenyon-oscars-academy-awards/5905688/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407184349/https://abc7news.com/entertainment-sandy-kenyon-oscars-academy-awards/5905688/ |archive-date=April 7, 2020 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |publisher=[[KGO-TV|ABC 7]] |quote=The Oscar has always been the most prestigious award in all of show business, but now it's also the most valuable.}}|{{cite news |last=Davies |first=Hannah J. |date=March 28, 2022 |title=Stage frights: five of the most shocking moments in Oscars history |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/mar/28/stage-frights-five-of-the-most-shocking-moments-in-oscars-history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328160417/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/mar/28/stage-frights-five-of-the-most-shocking-moments-in-oscars-history |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |issn=0261-3077 |quote=Will Smith isn't the only actor to cause consternation at the world's most coveted film awards.}}|{{cite web |last=Starkey |first=Adam |date=January 23, 2023 |title=Who has won the most Oscars? |url=https://www.nme.com/news/film/who-won-most-oscars-3382332 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124013232/https://www.nme.com/news/film/who-won-most-oscars-3382332 |archive-date=January 24, 2023 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |website=[[NME]] |quote=The Academy Awards, better known as the Oscars, is seen as the most prestigious award show in the film industry.}}|{{cite web |last=Shrader |first=Natalie |date=March 14, 2023 |title=14 UNCSA connections to 2023 Oscar-winning films |url=https://www.uncsa.edu/news/20230314-oscars-connections.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314203242/https://www.uncsa.edu/news/20230314-oscars-connections.aspx |archive-date=March 14, 2023 |access-date=March 14, 2024 |publisher=[[University of North Carolina School of the Arts]] |quote=The Academy Awards, better known as the Oscars, are regarded as the most prestigious and significant awards in the entertainment industry.}}}}</ref>
The major award categories, known as the '''Academy Awards of Merit''',<ref>{{cite web |title=96th Academy Awards of Merit |url=https://www.oscars.org/sites/oscars/files/96o_complete_rules.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502004252/https://www.oscars.org/sites/oscars/files/96o_complete_rules.pdf |archive-date=May 2, 2023 |access-date=April 4, 2024 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]}}</ref> are presented during a live-televised [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]] ceremony in February or March. It is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony.<ref name="history"/> The [[1st Academy Awards]] were held in 1929.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Essex |first=Andrew |date=May 14, 1999 |title=The Birth of Oscar |url=https://ew.com/article/1999/05/14/birth-oscar/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406040824/https://www.ew.com/article/1999/05/14/birth-oscar |archive-date=April 6, 2015 |access-date=March 2, 2011}}</ref> The [[2nd Academy Awards|second ceremony]], in 1930, was the first one broadcast by radio. The [[25th Academy Awards|1953 ceremony]] was the first one televised.<ref name="history"/> It is the oldest of the [[EGOT|four major annual American entertainment awards]]. Its counterparts—the [[Emmy Awards]] for television, the [[Tony Awards]] for theater, and the [[Grammy Awards]] for music—are modeled after the Academy Awards.<ref>{{cite web |last=Monush |first=Barry |date=February 9, 2012 |title=The Lure of Oscar: A Look at the Mightiest of All Award Shows, the Academy Awards |url=https://www.paleycenter.org/p-the-mightiest-of-all-award-shows-the-academy-awards-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212309/https://www.paleycenter.org/perspectives/hide-from-left-nav/p-the-mightiest-of-all-award-shows-the-academy-awards-2/ |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |access-date=October 29, 2019 |publisher=[[Paley Center for Media]]}}</ref>
The Oscar statuette depicts a knight, rendered in the [[Art Deco]] style.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Nichols |first=Chris |date=February 25, 2016 |title=Meet George Stanley, Sculptor of the Academy Award |magazine=[[Los Angeles (magazine)|Los Angeles Magazine]] |url=https://lamag.com/film/meet-george-stanley-sculptor-of-the-academy-award |url-status=live |access-date=November 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220104506/https://lamag.com/film/meet-george-stanley-sculptor-of-the-academy-award |archive-date=December 20, 2023}}</ref>
{{Infobox election
| election_name = Most recent Academy Award winners
| election_date = [[97th Academy Awards|Best in films in 2024]]
| type = primary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 96th Academy Awards
| previous_year = 2023
| next_election = 98th Academy Awards
| next_year = 2025
| 1blank = Award
| 2blank = Winner
| image1 = Adrien Brody-61584.jpg
| image1_size = 160x160px
| 1data1 = [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| 2data1 = [[Adrien Brody]]<br>(''[[The Brutalist]]'')
| image2 = Mikey Madison at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival 3 (cropped).jpg
| image2_size = 160x160px
| 1data2 = [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| 2data2 = [[Mikey Madison]]<br>(''[[Anora]]'')
| image4 = Kieran Culkin at the 2024 New York Film Festival 2 (cropped II).jpg
| image4_size = 160x160px
| 1data4 = [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| 2data4 = [[Kieran Culkin]]<br>(''[[A Real Pain]]'')
| image5 = Zoe Saldaña at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival (cropped).jpg
| image5_size = 160x160px
| 1data5 = [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
| 2data5 = [[Zoe Saldaña]]<br>(''[[Emilia Pérez]]'')
| image7 = Sean Baker at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival 2 (cropped).jpg
| image7_size = 160x160px
| 1data7 = [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]], [[Academy Award for Best Director|Director]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay|Original Screenplay]]
| 2data7 = [[Sean Baker]]<br>(''[[Anora]]'')
| image8 = Alex Coco and Samantha Quan at the 2024 New York Film Festival (cropped).jpg
| image8_size = 160x160px
| 1data8 = [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]]
| 2data8 = [[Alex Coco]] and [[Samantha Quan]]<br>(''[[Anora]]'')
| title = Best Picture
| before_election = ''[[Oppenheimer (film)|Oppenheimer]]''
| after_election = ''[[Anora]]''
}}
==
The [[1st Academy Awards|first Academy Awards]] presentation was held on May 16, 1929, at a private dinner function at the [[Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel]], with an audience of about 270 people.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 16, 1929 |title=The 1st Academy Awards {{!}} 1929 |url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1929 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001234905/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1929 |archive-date=October 1, 2019 |access-date=October 29, 2019 |website=Oscars.org {{!}} Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}</ref>
The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel.<ref name="history"/> The cost of guest tickets for that night's ceremony was {{USD|5|long=no}} ({{Inflation|US|5|1929|r=0|fmt=eq|cursign=$}}). Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors, and other participants in the film-making industry of the time, for their works during the 1927–28 period. The ceremony ran for 15{{spaces}}minutes.
For this first ceremony, winners were announced to the media three months earlier.<ref>{{cite web |title=First Academy Awards announced |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-academy-awards-announced |access-date=May 22, 2024 |website=HISTORY |date=November 13, 2009 |language=en}}</ref> For the second ceremony in 1930, and the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11:00{{spaces}}pm on the night of the awards.<ref name="history"/> In 1940, the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' announced the winners before the ceremony began. As a result, in 1941 the Academy started using a sealed envelope to reveal the names of the winners.<ref name="history"/>
The term "Oscar" is a registered trademark of the AMPAS.
=== Milestones ===
The first Best Actor awarded was [[Emil Jannings]], for his performances in ''[[The Last Command (1928 film)|The Last Command]]'' and ''[[The Way of All Flesh (1927 film)|The Way of All Flesh]]''. As he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, the Academy agreed to give him the prize early, making him the first Academy Award recipient. For the [[1st Academy Awards|first Awards]], winners were recognized for multiple films during the qualifying period; Jannings received the award for two films in which he starred, and [[Janet Gaynor]] won the first [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] award for performances in three films. Beginning with the second ceremony, performers received separate nominations for individual films; no performer has received multiple nominations in the same category since the [[3rd Academy Awards]].
For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period ran from August 1 to July 31. The [[6th Academy Awards]]' eligibility ran from August 1, 1932, to December 31, 1933, and as of the [[7th Academy Awards]], subsequent eligibility periods have matched the calendar year (with the exception of the [[93rd Academy Awards]], which, due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], extended the eligibility period to February 28, 2021).<ref name="history">{{cite web |title=History of the Academy Awards |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/about/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706040444/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/about/history.html |archive-date=July 6, 2010 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}</ref>
Best Foreign Language Film, now known as [[Academy Award for Best International Feature Film|Best International Feature Film]], was introduced at the [[20th Academy Awards]] as a special award, and became a competitive category at the [[29th Academy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Academy Awards History |url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/academy-awards-history |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |access-date=January 26, 2025}}</ref>
The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first [[Academy Award for Best Animated Feature]],<ref>{{cite news |date=February 28, 2014 |title=Disney hoping to win first Oscar for Best Animated Feature |work=New York Post |url=https://nypost.com/2014/02/28/disney-hoping-to-win-first-oscar-for-best-animated-feature/ |url-status=live |access-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419053447/https://nypost.com/2014/02/28/disney-hoping-to-win-first-oscar-for-best-animated-feature/ |archive-date=April 19, 2018}}</ref> won by [[Shrek]].
Since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies, except for 2021, have ended with the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]. Traditionally, the previous year's winners for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor present the awards for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress, respectively, and [[vice versa]]. In 2009, this model was replaced by each acting award being introduced by five previous winners, each of whom introduces one of the nominated performances, referred to as the "Fab 5" presenters format.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Grein |first=Paul |date=2024-03-07 |title=Why the Oscars Are Bringing Back the 'Fab 5' Presenters Format from the 2009 Telecast |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/oscars-creative-team-press-conference-fab-5-presenters-format-1235625336/ |access-date=2025-01-24 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref> The Fab 5 model returned in 2024 after a 15-year hiatus.
On February 9, 2020, ''[[Parasite (2019 film)|Parasite]]'' became the first foreign-language film to win Best Picture at the [[92nd Academy Awards]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Farhi |first=Paul |date=February 10, 2020 |title=''Parasite'' Makes Oscars History as the First Foreign-Language Film to Win Best Picture |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/parasite-makes-oscars-history-as-the-first-foreign-language-film-to-win-best-picture/2020/02/10/93b7e5f8-49fa-11ea-9164-d3154ad8a5cd_story.html |url-status=live |access-date=March 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212321/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/parasite-makes-oscars-history-as-the-first-foreign-language-film-to-win-best-picture/2020/02/10/93b7e5f8-49fa-11ea-9164-d3154ad8a5cd_story.html |archive-date=November 16, 2020}}</ref>
The [[93rd Academy Awards]] ceremony, honoring the [[2020 in film|best films of 2020]] and [[2021 in film|early 2021]], was held on April 25, 2021, after it was postponed from its original February 28, 2021, schedule due to the [[impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema]]. As with the two previous ceremonies, there was no host. The ceremony was broadcast on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]. It took place at the [[Dolby Theatre]] in Los Angeles, California for the 19th consecutive year, with satellite locations at [[Los Angeles Union Station|Union Station]] also in Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web |date=June 15, 2020 |title=The Academy and ABC Set April 25, 2021 as New Show Date for 93rd Oscars® |url=https://www.oscars.org/news/academy-and-abc-set-april-25-2021-new-show-date-93rd-oscarsr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203203950/https://www.oscars.org/news/academy-and-abc-set-april-25-2021-new-show-date-93rd-oscarsr |archive-date=February 3, 2021 |access-date=February 5, 2021 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}</ref> Because of the virus impact on films and TV industries, Academy president David Rubin and CEO Dawn Hudson announced that for the [[93rd Academy Awards|2021 Oscar Ceremony]], [[List of streaming media services|streaming films]] with a previously planned theatrical release were eligible.<ref>{{cite news |last=Madani |first=Doha |date=April 28, 2020 |title=Streaming films will be considered for Oscars for the first time |work=[[NBC]] |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/movies/oscars-allow-eligibility-streaming-only-films-during-coronavirus-pandemic-n1194631 |url-status=live |access-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212313/https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/movies/oscars-allow-eligibility-streaming-only-films-during-coronavirus-pandemic-n1194631 |archive-date=November 16, 2020}}</ref> The theatrical requirement was reinstated starting with the [[95th Academy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Pete |first=Hammond |title=Academy Issues New Regulations & Rules For 95th Oscars, Films Must Qualify Again Only In Theatres |url=https://deadline.com/2022/05/oscars-rules-movie-theatres-no-digital-1235027194/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=May 18, 2022}}</ref>
== Oscar statuette ==
{{redirect|Oscar trophy|the basketball trophy|Oscar Robertson Trophy}}
===
{{See also|#Categories}}
The Oscar statuette, officially the Academy Award of Merit,<ref name="statuette">{{cite web |date=July 25, 2014 |title=Oscar Statuette |url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/statuette |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301182257/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/statuette |archive-date=March 1, 2017 |access-date=February 27, 2017 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}</ref> is given to winners of each year's awards. Made of gold-plated [[bronze]] on a black metal base, it is {{Convert|13.5|in|cm|1|abbr=on}} tall, weighs {{Convert|8.5|lb|kg|abbr=on}} and depicts a knight rendered in [[Art Deco]] style holding a sword standing on a reel of film with five spokes. The five spokes represent the original branches of the Academy: Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers, and Technicians.<ref>{{cite web |title=Oscar Statuette: Legacy |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/about/awards/oscar.html/?pn=statuette |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211172055/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/about/awards/oscar.html/?pn=statuette |archive-date=December 11, 2013 |access-date=April 13, 2007 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}</ref>
[[File:DSC 7227 Музей кино.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Plaster War-time Oscar plaque (1943), State Central Museum of Cinema, Moscow [[:ru:Государственный центральный музей кино|(ru)]]]]
Sculptor [[George Stanley (sculptor)|George Stanley]], who also did the Muse Fountain at the [[Hollywood Bowl]], sculpted [[Cedric Gibbons]]' design. The statuettes presented at the initial ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze. Within a few years, the bronze was abandoned in favor of [[Britannia metal]], a pewter-like alloy that is then plated in copper, nickel silver, and finally, 24-karat gold.<ref name="statuette"/> Due to a metal shortage during World War II, Oscars were made of painted plaster for three years. Following the war, the Academy invited recipients to redeem the plaster figures for gold-plated metal ones.<ref>{{cite web |title=Oscar Statuette: Manufacturing, Shipping and Repairs |url=http://www.oscars.com/legacy/?pn=statuette&page=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927134712/http://www.oscars.com/legacy/?pn=statuette&page=2 |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |access-date=April 13, 2007 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}</ref>
The only addition to the Oscar since it was created is a minor streamlining of the base. The original Oscar mold was cast in 1928 at the [[C.W. Shumway & Sons]] Foundry in [[Batavia, Illinois|Batavia]], Illinois, which also contributed to casting the molds for the [[Vince Lombardi Trophy]] and [[Emmy Awards|Emmy Award]] statuettes. During the 1970s, the Oscar statues were cast in [[Crystal Lake, Illinois]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/04/02/archives/oscar-night-also-big-one-for-a-factory-in-illinois-make-70-oscars.html/ |title=Oscar NiArchivedght Also Big One For a Factory in Illinois |work=New York Times |access-date=2024-12-19 |date=April 2, 1974 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241219220233/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/04/02/archives/oscar-night-also-big-one-for-a-factory-in-illinois-make-70-oscars.html |archive-date=2024-12-19}}</ref> From 1983 to 2015,<ref>{{cite news |date=February 20, 2009 |title=Eladio Gonzalez sands and buffs Oscar #3453 |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |url=https://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2009/02/at_work.html#photo14 |url-status=live |access-date=February 21, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223085458/http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2009/02/at_work.html |archive-date=February 23, 2009}}</ref> approximately 50 Oscars in a tin alloy with gold plating were made each year in Chicago by Illinois manufacturer [[R.S. Owens & Company]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Babwin|first=Don|url=http://www.foxnews.com/printer_friendly_wires/2009Jan26/0,4675,OscarGoldplatedJourney,00.html|title=Oscar 3453 is 'born' in Chicago factory|date=January 27, 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310092910/http://www.foxnews.com/printer_friendly_wires/2009Jan26/0%2C4675%2COscarGoldplatedJourney%2C00.html|archive-date=March 10, 2014|agency=Associated Press}} ({{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=20090127&id=n_UlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ff0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=6931,2001573 |title=Lodi News-Sentinel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912115310/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=20090127&id=n_UlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ff0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=6931,2001573|archive-date=September 12, 2015 |url-status=live |via=Google News}})</ref> It would take between three and four weeks to manufacture 50 statuettes.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=Alvarez |first=Alex |date=February 22, 2013 |title=Meet the Mexican Model Behind the Oscar Statue |url=https://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/Entertainment/meet-emilio-fernandez-face-oscars/story?id=18550020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303023939/http://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/Entertainment/meet-emilio-fernandez-face-oscars/story?id=18550020 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |access-date=February 27, 2016 |website=ABC News}}</ref>
[[File:Academy Award statuette at the Latvian National Museum of Art.png|thumb|250x250px|[[Gints Zilbalodis]]'s Academy Award statuette for ''[[Flow (2024 film)|Flow]]'' (2024) on display at the [[Latvian National Museum of Art]] in 2025]]
In 2016, the Academy returned to bronze as the core metal of the statuettes, handing manufacturing duties to [[Walden, New York|Walden]], New York-based Polich Tallix Fine Art Foundry, now owned and operated by [[Urban Art Projects|UAP Urban Art Projects]].<ref name="Oscarstatuettes2016">{{cite web |last=Kojen |first=Natalie |date=February 16, 2016 |title=The Academy and Polich Tallix Fine Art Foundry Revive the Art of Oscar Statuettes |url=http://www.oscars.org/news/academy-and-polich-tallix-fine-art-foundry-revive-art-oscarr-statuettes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218215850/http://www.oscars.org/news/academy-and-polich-tallix-fine-art-foundry-revive-art-oscarr-statuettes |archive-date=February 18, 2016 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Loviza |first=Amanda |title=Foundry seeks tax breaks in move to Walden |url=https://www.recordonline.com/news/20170127/foundry-seeks-tax-breaks-in-move-to-walden |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105201457/https://www.recordonline.com/news/20170127/foundry-seeks-tax-breaks-in-move-to-walden |archive-date=January 5, 2019 |access-date=January 5, 2019 |website=recordonline.com}}</ref> While based on a digital scan of an original 1929 Oscar, the statuettes retain their modern-era dimensions and black pedestal. Cast in liquid bronze from [[3D printing|3D-printed]] ceramic molds and polished, they are then electroplated in 24-karat gold by [[Brooklyn]], New York-based Epner Technology. The time required to produce 50 such statuettes is roughly three months.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kilday |first=Gregg |date=February 16, 2016 |title=Oscar Statuette Gets a Face-Lift – This year's statuettes will be produced by Polich Tallix Fine Art Foundry and will be hand-cast in bronze before receiving their 24-karat gold finish. |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscar-statuette-gets-a-face-866321 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505081009/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscar-statuette-gets-a-face-866321 |archive-date=May 5, 2016 |access-date=February 18, 2016 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> R.S. Owens is expected to continue producing other awards for the Academy, and service existing Oscars that need replating.<ref>{{cite web |last=Di Nunzio |first=Miriam |date=February 16, 2016 |title=Oscar statuettes, longtime creation of Chicago-based company, will now be made in New York |url=http://chicago.suntimes.com/entertainment/oscar-statuettes-longtime-creations-of-chicago-based-company-will-now-be-made-in-new-york/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308120546/http://chicago.suntimes.com/entertainment/oscar-statuettes-longtime-creations-of-chicago-based-company-will-now-be-made-in-new-york/ |archive-date=March 8, 2016 |website=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]}}</ref>
=== Naming ===
The origin of the nickname of the trophy has been disputed, as multiple people have taken credit for naming the trophy "Oscar".
[[Margaret Herrick]], librarian and president of the Academy, may have said she named it after her supposed uncle Oscar in 1931.{{Efn|Sources conflict on whether she actually said this. ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'' puts doubt on it, saying {{"'}}He reminds me of my Uncle Oscar,' she was reported to have said, while in the hearing of a 'nearby newspaper columnist' who picked up the anecdote and ran with it the next day". ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' and ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' state with certainty that she made a claim to the Oscar nickname.}} The only corroboration was a 1938 clipping from the ''[[Los Angeles Examiner]]'', in which Herrick told a story of her and her husband joking with each other using the phrase, "How's your uncle Oscar".<ref name=":2"/>
[[Bette Davis]], in her 1962 autobiography, claimed she named it in 1936 after her first husband, Harmon Oscar Nelson, of whom the statue's rear end reminded her.<ref name=":2"/><ref>{{cite web |date=February 18, 2015 |title=Oscars: Who Came Up With the Name "Oscar" and More About the Statuette's History (Video) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscars-who-came-up-name-774775 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029231953/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscars-who-came-up-name-774775 |archive-date=October 29, 2019 |access-date=October 29, 2019 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> But the term had been in use at least two years before. In a 1974 biography written by Whitney Stine with commentary from Davis, Davis wrote, "I relinquish once and for all any claim that I was the one—so, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the honor is all yours."<ref name=":2"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Stine |first1=Whitney |title=Mother Goddam: The Story of the Career of Bette Davis |last2=Davis |first2=Bette |publisher=[[Hawthorn Books]] |year=1974 |isbn=0-8015-5184-6 |___location=New York |page=74 |lccn=73-10265 |oclc=1150862598}}</ref>
Columnist [[Sidney Skolsky]] wrote in his 1970 memoir that he came up with the term in 1934 under pressure for a deadline, mocking [[Vaudeville]] comedians who asked "Will you have a cigar, Oscar?" The Academy credits Skolsky with "the first confirmed newspaper reference" to ''Oscar'' in his column on March 16, 1934, which was written about that year's [[6th Academy Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |date=August 27, 2014 |title=The 6th Academy Awards Memorable Moments |url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1934/memorable-moments |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226111216/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1934/memorable-moments |archive-date=February 26, 2019 |access-date=February 25, 2019 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}</ref> But in the newspaper clipping that Skolsky referred to, he wrote that {{qi|these statues are called 'Oscars'}}, meaning that the name was already in use.<ref name=":2"/>
Bruce Davis, a former executive director of the Academy, credited Eleanore Lilleberg, a secretary at the Academy when the award was first introduced, for the nickname. She had overseen the pre-ceremony handling of the awards. Davis credits Lilleberg because he found in an autobiography of Einar Lilleberg, Eleanore's brother, that Einar had referenced a Norwegian army veteran named Oscar whom the two knew in Chicago, whom Einar described as having always "stood straight and tall".<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last=Cieply |first=Michael |date=June 26, 2022 |title=So, Once And For All (We Hope), Bruce Davis Settles Why They Call It 'Oscar' |url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/once-for-all-bruce-davis-settles-why-they-call-it-oscar-1235052129/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626154131/https://deadline.com/2022/06/once-for-all-bruce-davis-settles-why-they-call-it-oscar-1235052129/ |archive-date=June 26, 2022 |access-date=June 26, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref name=":3"/> He asserts credit "should almost certainly belong to" Lilleberg.<ref name=":3"/>
In 2021, Brazilian researcher [[Waldemar Dalenogare Neto]] found the probable first public mention of the name "Oscar", in journalist [[Relman Morin]]'s "Cinematters" column in the ''[[Los Angeles Evening Record]]'' on December 5, 1933. Since the awards didn't take place that year, he said: "What's happened to the annual Academy banquet? As a rule, the banquet and the awarding of "Oscar", the bronze statuette given for best performances, is all over long before this." This information changes the version of Skolsky as the first to publicly mention the name.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dalenogare |first=Waldemar |date=June 6, 2021 |title=Descoberta: primeira menção ao nome Oscar na imprensa |url=https://dalenogare.com/2021/06/descoberta-primeira-mencao-ao-nome-oscar-na-imprensa/ |access-date=February 20, 2024 |website=Movie Reviews by Dalenogare |language=en-US}}</ref>
==
To prevent information identifying the Oscar winners from leaking ahead of the ceremony, Oscar statuettes presented at the ceremony have blank baseplates. Until 2010, winners returned their statuettes to the Academy and had to wait several weeks to have their names inscribed on their respective Oscars. Since 2010, winners have had the option of having engraved nameplates applied to their statuettes at an inscription-processing station at the Governor's Ball, a party held immediately after the Oscar ceremony. The R.S. Owens company has engraved nameplates made before the ceremony, bearing the name of every potential winner. The nameplates for the non-winning nominees are later recycled.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilday |first=Greg |date=February 9, 2010 |title=Oscar statues to include engraved names |work=The Hollywood Reporter |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscar-statues-include-engraved-names-20476 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412143119/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscar-statues-include-engraved-names-20476 |archive-date=April 12, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Daly |first=Steve |date=February 28, 2014 |title=Governors Ball Secrets: Welcome to the 'Engraving Station,' Where Oscar Statuettes Get Personalized |work=Parade Magazine |url=http://parade.com/266251/stevedaly/governors-ball-secrets-welcome-to-the-engraving-station-where-oscar-statuettes-get-personalized/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227170517/http://parade.com/266251/stevedaly/governors-ball-secrets-welcome-to-the-engraving-station-where-oscar-statuettes-get-personalized/ |archive-date=February 27, 2015}}</ref>
=== Ownership of Oscar statuettes ===
Before 1950, Oscar statuettes were, and remain, the property of the recipient.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rose |first=Lacey |date=February 28, 2005 |title=Psst! Wanna Buy An Oscar? |work=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/2005/02/28/cx_lr_0228oscarsales.html |access-date=April 13, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111214351/http://www.forbes.com/2005/02/28/cx_lr_0228oscarsales.html |archive-date=November 11, 2013}}</ref> Since then the statuettes have been legally [[encumbrance|encumbered]] by the requirement that the statuette be first offered for sale back to the Academy for {{USD|1|long=no}}. If a winner refuses to agree to this stipulation, then the Academy keeps the statuette. Academy Awards predating this agreement have been sold in public auctions and private deals for six-figure sums.<ref name="money.com">{{cite web |title=How Much Is an Oscar Statue Worth? Here Are 3 Estimates |author-first1=Megan|author-last1=Leonhardt|url=http://money.com/money/5181378/how-much-oscar-statue-worth/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212310/https://money.com/how-much-oscar-statue-worth/ |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |access-date=October 29, 2019 |website=Money}}</ref>
In 1989, [[Mike Todd|Michael Todd's]] grandson tried to sell Todd's Best Picture Oscar for his 1956 production of ''[[Around the World in 80 Days (1956 film)|Around the World in 80 Days]]'' to a movie prop collector. The Academy earned enforcement of its statuette contract by gaining a permanent injunction against the sale.
In 1992, [[Harold Russell]] consigned his 1946 Oscar for Best Supporting Actor for ''[[The Best Years of Our Lives]]'' to auction to raise money for his wife's medical expenses. Though his decision caused controversy, the first Oscar ever to be sold passed to a private collector on August 6, 1992, for {{USD|60,500|1992|long=no}}. Russell defended his action, saying, "I don't know why anybody would be critical. My wife's health is much more important than sentimental reasons. The movie will be here, even if Oscar isn't".<ref>{{cite news |last=Rothman |first=Heathcliff |date=February 12, 2006 |title=I'd Really Like to Thank My Pal at the Auction House |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/12/movies/redcarpet/id-really-like-to-thank-my-pal-at-the-auction-house.html |url-status=live |access-date=September 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921095530/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/12/movies/redcarpet/id-really-like-to-thank-my-pal-at-the-auction-house.html |archive-date=September 21, 2017 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
In December 2011, [[Orson Welles]]' 1941 Oscar for ''[[Citizen Kane]]'' ([[Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay]]) was put up for auction, after his heirs won a 2004 court decision contending that Welles did not sign any agreement to return the statue to the Academy.<ref>{{cite news |last=Duke |first=Alan |date=December 12, 2011 |title=Orson Welles' 'Citizen Kane' Oscar for sale |publisher=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/12/12/showbiz/orson-welles-oscar/index.html |access-date=December 12, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112025602/http://www.cnn.com/2011/12/12/showbiz/orson-welles-oscar/index.html |archive-date=November 12, 2013}}</ref> On December 20, 2011, it sold in an online auction for {{USD|861,542|2011|long=no}}.<ref name="Welles' Oscar sold">{{cite news |last=Duke |first=Alan |date=December 21, 2011 |title=Orson Welles' 'Citizen Kane' Oscar brings $861,000 |publisher=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/12/21/showbiz/orson-welles-oscar/index.html |access-date=April 7, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116121806/http://www.cnn.com/2011/12/21/showbiz/orson-welles-oscar/index.html |archive-date=January 16, 2014}}</ref>
Some buyers have subsequently returned the statuettes to the Academy, which keeps them in its treasury.<ref name="money.com"/>
=== Other awards presented by the Academy ===
{{See also|#Special categories}}
In addition to the Academy Award of Merit (Oscar award), there are nine honorary (non-competitive) awards presented by the Academy from time to time (except for the Academy Honorary Award, the Technical Achievement Award, and the Student Academy Awards, which are presented annually):<ref>{{cite web |date=February 27, 2014 |title=7 Special Oscar Categories and Awards |url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/54512/7-special-oscar-categories-and-awards |first1=Rudie |last1=Obias |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212308/https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/54512/7-special-oscar-categories-and-awards |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |access-date=October 29, 2019 |website=[[Mental Floss]]}}</ref>
* [[Governors Awards]]:
** The [[Academy Honorary Award]] (annual) (which may or may not be in the form of an Oscar statuette); <!--- See [[Governors Awards#Description and history]]. --->
** The [[Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award]] (since 1938) (in the form of a bust of Thalberg);
** The [[Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award]] (since 1957) (in the form of an Oscar statuette); <!--- See [[Governors Awards#Description and history]]. --->
* The [[Academy Scientific and Technical Award]]s:
** Academy Award of Merit (non-competitive) (in the form of an Oscar statuette);
** [[Academy Scientific and Technical Award|Scientific and Engineering Award]] (in the form of a bronze tablet);
** [[Academy Award for Technical Achievement|Technical Achievement Award]] (annual) (in the form of a certificate);
** The [[John A. Bonner Medal of Commendation]] (since 1978) (in the form of a medal);
** The [[Gordon E. Sawyer Award]] (since 1982); and
* The Academy [[Student Academy Awards]] (annual).
The Academy also awards [[Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting]].<!--- See [[Governors Awards#Description and history]]. --->
== Nomination ==
From 2004 to 2020, the Academy Award nomination results were announced to the public in mid-January. Prior to that, the results were announced in early February. In 2021, the nominees were announced in March. In 2022, the nominees were announced in early February for the first time since 2003.
=== Voters ===
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), a professional honorary organization, is composed of 9,905 voting members {{as of|lc=y|2024}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=How Many Women Are Actually Voting for the Oscar Winners? |url=https://www.refinery29.com/2018/02/190829/academy-members-women-oscar-voters |website=Refinery29 |first1=Anne |last1=Cohen |date=February 15, 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=April 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417232906/https://www.refinery29.com/2018/02/190829/academy-members-women-oscar-voters |archive-date=April 17, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Pond">{{cite news|url=https://www.thewrap.com/how-many-votes-to-get-an-oscar-nomination-2025/|title=How Many Votes Will It Take to Get an Oscar Nomination in 2025?|last=Pond|first=Steve|date=December 12, 2024|access-date=December 17, 2024|work=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref>
Academy membership is divided into different branches, with each representing a different discipline in film production. {{As of|2024}}, actors constitute the largest bloc, numbering 1,258 (12.7% of the voting body).<ref name="Pond"/> Votes have been certified by the auditing firm [[PwC|PricewaterhouseCoopers]], and its predecessor [[Price Waterhouse]], since the [[7th Academy Awards]] in 1935.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hutchinson |first=Sean |date=January 24, 2017 |title=How Are Oscar Nominees Chosen? |work=Mental Floss |url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/54560/how-are-oscar-nominees-chosen |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722072631/http://mentalfloss.com/article/54560/how-are-oscar-nominees-chosen |archive-date=July 22, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Finlay |first=Jackie |date=March 3, 2006 |title=The men who are counting on Oscar |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4769730.stm |url-status=live |access-date=April 13, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070319204536/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4769730.stm |archive-date=March 19, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Meet the only two people in the world who already know all the Oscar winners {{!}} Market Watch |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/meet-the-two-people-who-already-know-the-oscar-winners-2017-02-24?mod=mw_share_twitter |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227150240/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/meet-the-two-people-who-already-know-the-oscar-winners-2017-02-24?mod=mw_share_twitter |archive-date=February 27, 2017}}</ref> In May 2011, the Academy sent a letter advising its then-6,000 or so voting members that an online system for Oscar voting would be implemented in 2013, replacing mailed paper ballots.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cieply |first=Michael |date=May 23, 2011 |title=Electronic Voting Comes to The Oscars (Finally) |work=The New York Times |url=http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/05/23/electronic-voting-comes-to-the-oscars-finally |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105075132/http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/05/23/electronic-voting-comes-to-the-oscars-finally/ |archive-date=January 5, 2014}}</ref>
All AMPAS members must be invited to join by the Board of Governors, on behalf of Academy Branch Executive Committees. Membership eligibility may be achieved by a competitive nomination, or an existing member may submit a name, based on other significant contributions to the field of motion pictures.
New membership proposals are considered annually. The Academy does not publicly disclose its membership, although as recently as 2007 press releases have announced the names of those who have been invited to join.<ref>{{cite web |title=Academy Invites 115 to Become Members |url=http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2007/07.06.18.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827031611/http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2007/07.06.18.html |archive-date=August 27, 2007 |access-date=September 4, 2007 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}</ref>
In 2012, the results of a study conducted by the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' were published describing the demographic breakdown of approximately 88% of AMPAS' voting membership. Of the 5,100+ active voters confirmed, 94% were [[Caucasian race|Caucasian]], 77% were male, and 54% were found to be over the age of 60. Thirty-three percent of voting members are former nominees (14%) and winners (19%).<ref>{{cite news |last=Horn |first=John |date=February 19, 2012 |title=Unmasking the Academy |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://latimes.com/entertainment/news/movies/academy/la-et-unmasking-oscar-academy-project-html,0,7473284.htmlstory |access-date=October 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307133844/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/movies/academy/la-et-unmasking-oscar-academy-project-html%2C0%2C7473284.htmlstory |archive-date=March 7, 2014}}</ref> In 2016, the Academy launched an initiative to expand its membership and increase diversity. In 2024, voting membership stood at 9,905.<ref name="Pond"/>
In 2025, a newly announced procedure required Academy members to view all nominated films within a category to be eligible to cast a vote in the final round of that category. The verification process will be done through the Academy's members-only streaming platform and submitting a form for films viewed at in-person events such as at festivals, screenings or private events.<ref>{{cite web |last=Davis |first=Clayton |title=Academy Sets New Oscars Rules for 2025: You Need to Watch All Nominated Films to Vote in a Category |url=https://variety.com/2025/film/awards/oscars-2026-key-dates-casting-rules-ai-1236374012/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421183722/https://variety.com/2025/film/awards/oscars-2026-key-dates-casting-rules-ai-1236374012/ |archive-date=April 21, 2025 |date=April 21, 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Rules ===
According to Rules 2 and 3 of the official Academy Awards Rules, a film must open in the previous calendar year, from midnight at the start of January 1 to midnight at the end of December 31, in [[Los Angeles County, California]], and play for seven consecutive days, to qualify, except for the Best International Feature Film, Best Documentary Feature, and awards in short film categories. The film must be shown at least three times on each day of its qualifying run, with at least one of the daily showings starting between 6{{spaces}}pm and 10{{spaces}}pm local time.<ref name="92Rule2">{{cite web |title=Rule Two: Eligibility |url=https://www.oscars.org/sites/oscars/files/92aa_rules.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114205010/https://www.oscars.org/sites/oscars/files/92aa_rules.pdf |archive-date=January 14, 2020 |access-date=March 20, 2020 |website=92nd Academy Awards of Merit: Rules |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=FAQ |website=Oscars Submission |url=https://submissions.oscars.org/FAQ.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401230002/https://submissions.oscars.org/FAQ.aspx |archive-date=April 1, 2015 |access-date=March 16, 2015}}</ref>
For example, the 2009 [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] winner, ''[[The Hurt Locker]]'', was originally first released in 2008, but did not qualify for the [[81st Academy Awards|2008 awards]], as it did not play its Oscar-qualifying run in Los Angeles until mid-2009, thus qualifying for the [[82nd Academy Awards|2009 awards]]. Foreign films must include English subtitles. Each country can submit only one film for consideration in the International Feature Film category per year.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Academy and its Oscar Awards – Reminder List of Eligible Releases |url=http://www.youbioit.com/en/article/shared-information/949/academy-and-its-oscar-awards |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111232741/http://www.youbioit.com/en/article/shared-information/949/academy-and-its-oscar-awards |archive-date=November 11, 2013}}</ref>
Rule 2 states that a film must be [[feature film|feature]]-length, defined as a minimum of 40{{spaces}}minutes, except for short-subject awards. It must exist either on a [[35 mm movie film|35 mm]] or [[70 mm film]] print, or in 24{{spaces}}frame/s or 48{{spaces}}frame/s [[progressive scan]] [[digital cinema]] format, with a minimum projector resolution of 2,048 by 1,080 pixels.<ref>{{cite web |title=Academy Award Rules |url=http://www.oscars.org/sites/default/files/87aa_rules.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021054540/http://www.oscars.org/sites/default/files/87aa_rules.pdf |archive-date=October 21, 2014 |access-date=March 17, 2015}}</ref> Since the [[90th Academy Awards]], presented in 2018, multi-part and limited series have been ineligible for the Best Documentary Feature award. This followed the win of ''[[O.J.: Made in America]]'', an eight-hour presentation that was screened in a limited release before being broadcast in five parts on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] and [[ESPN]], in that category in [[89th Academy Awards|2017]]. The Academy's announcement of the new rule made no direct mention of that film.<ref name=":3">{{cite magazine |last=McNary |first=Dave |date=April 7, 2017 |title=Oscars: New Rules Bar Multi-Part Documentaries Like 'O.J.: Made in America' |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/oscars-new-rules-documentary-oj-made-in-america-barred-1202026406/ |url-status=live |magazine=Variety |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415012418/http://variety.com/2017/film/news/oscars-new-rules-documentary-oj-made-in-america-barred-1202026406/ |archive-date=April 15, 2017 |access-date=May 30, 2017}}</ref>
The Best International Feature Film award does not require a U.S. release. It requires the film to be submitted as its country's official selection.
The Best Documentary Feature award requires either week-long releases in ''both'' Los Angeles County ''and'' any of the [[Boroughs of New York City|five boroughs]] of New York City during the previous calendar year,{{efn|Starting with the [[89th Academy Awards|2017 awards]], a qualifying release for the Documentary Feature award can take place anywhere in the [[Boroughs of New York City|five boroughs]] of New York City. Previously, a New York City qualifying run could only take place in [[Manhattan]]. Since then, [[Brooklyn]] has also become a popular ___location.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Awards Rules Approved for 89th Oscars® |date=June 30, 2016 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |url=https://www.oscars.org/news/awards-rules-approved-89th-oscarsr |access-date=April 7, 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212337/https://www.oscars.org/news/awards-rules-approved-89th-oscarsr |archive-date=November 16, 2020}}</ref>}} or a qualifying award at a competitive film festival from the Documentary Feature Qualifying Festival list, regardless of any public exhibition or distribution, or submission in the International Feature Film category as its country's official selection. The qualifying theatrical runs must meet the same requirements as those for non-documentary films regarding numbers and times of screenings. A film must have been reviewed by a critic from ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out New York]]'', the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', or ''[[LA Weekly]]''.<ref name="92Rule11">{{cite web |title=Rule Eleven: Special Rules for the Documentary Awards |url=https://www.oscars.org/sites/oscars/files/92aa_rules.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114205010/https://www.oscars.org/sites/oscars/files/92aa_rules.pdf |archive-date=January 14, 2020 |access-date=March 20, 2020 |website=92nd Academy Awards of Merit: Rules |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}</ref>
Producers must submit an Official Screen Credits online form before the deadline. If it is not submitted by the defined deadline, the film will be ineligible for Academy Awards in any year. The form includes the production credits for all related categories.
Awards in short film categories (Best Documentary Short Subject, Best Animated Short Film, and Best Live Action Short Film) have different eligibility rules from most other competitive awards. First, the qualifying period for release does not coincide with a calendar year, instead covering one year starting on October 1, and ending on September 30 of the calendar year before the ceremony. Second, there are multiple methods of qualification. The main method is a week-long theatrical release in ''either'' New York City ''or'' Los Angeles County during the eligibility period. Films also can qualify by winning specified awards at one of several competitive film festivals designated by the Academy, also without regard to prior public distribution.<ref name="92Rule11"/><ref name="92Rule19"/>
A film that is selected as a gold, silver, or bronze medal winner in an appropriate category of the immediately previous Student Academy Awards is also eligible (Documentary category for that award, and Animation, Narrative, Alternative, or International for the other awards). The requirements for the qualifying theatrical run are also different from those for other awards. Only one screening per day is required. For the Documentary award, the screening must start between noon and 10{{spaces}}pm local time. For other awards, no specific start time is required, but the film must appear in regular theater listings with dates and screening times.<ref name="92Rule11"/><ref name="92Rule19">{{cite web |title=Rule Nineteen: Special Rules for the Short Film Awards |url=https://www.oscars.org/sites/oscars/files/92aa_rules.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114205010/https://www.oscars.org/sites/oscars/files/92aa_rules.pdf |archive-date=January 14, 2020 |access-date=April 7, 2020 |website=92nd Academy Awards of Merit: Rules |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}</ref>
In late December, ballots and lists of eligible films are sent to the membership. For most categories, members from each of the branches vote to determine the nominees only in their respective categories, i.e. only directors vote for directors, writers for writers, actors for actors, etc. In the special case of Best Picture, all voting members are eligible to select the nominees. A number of branches are only eligible to vote in Best Picture during nomination voting; this includes a producers' branch, as Best Picture is awarded to a film's producer(s), and other branches which have no corresponding award.<ref name="Pond"/> In all major categories, a variant of the [[single transferable vote]] is used, with each member casting a ballot with up to five nominees (ten for Best Picture) ranked preferentially.<ref name="TheEnvelope">{{cite news |last=Pond |first=Steve |date=January 7, 2006 |title=Eight things every voter (and fan) should know about Oscar's decidedly unique nomination process. |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=http://theenvelope.latimes.com/awards/oscars/env-oscarvote7jan07,0,6919642,print.story?coll=env-home-headlines |access-date=January 27, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017160343/http://theenvelope.latimes.com/awards/oscars/env-oscarvote7jan07%2C0%2C6919642%2Cprint.story?coll=env-home-headlines |archive-date=October 17, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Young |first=John |date=January 27, 2011 |title=Oscars: The wacky way the Academy counts votes, and the results of our 'If You Were an Oscar Voter' poll |url=https://ew.com/article/2011/01/27/oscar-voter-ballot-reader-poll-results |url-status=live |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506042043/http://www.ew.com/article/2011/01/27/oscar-voter-ballot-reader-poll-results |archive-date=May 6, 2016 |access-date=February 29, 2016}}</ref><ref name="vox"/> In certain categories, including International Feature Film, Documentary and Animated Feature, nominees are selected by special screening committees made up of members from all branches.
In most categories, the winner is selected from among the nominees by [[plurality voting]] of all members.<ref name="TheEnvelope"/><ref name="vox"/> Since 2009, the Best Picture winner has been chosen by [[instant-runoff voting]].<ref name="vox">{{cite press release |title=Preferential Voting Extended to Best Picture on Final Ballot for 2009 Oscars |date=August 31, 2009 |url=http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2009/20090831a.html |access-date=February 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010053612/http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2009/20090831a.html |archive-date=October 10, 2009 |work=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=VanDerWerff |first=Emily |date=February 22, 2015 |title=The Oscars' messed-up voting process, explained |url=https://www.vox.com/2015/2/22/8084239/oscars-2015-ballot |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225211043/http://www.vox.com/2015/2/22/8084239/oscars-2015-ballot |archive-date=February 25, 2016 |access-date=October 6, 2019 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]}}</ref> Since 2013, re-weighted [[range voting]] has been used to select the nominees for the [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]].<ref>{{cite web |year=2016 |title=89TH ANNUAL ACADEMY AWARDS OF MERIT |url=https://www.oscars.org/sites/oscars/files/89aa_rules.pdf#page=32 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202000636/http://www.oscars.org/sites/oscars/files/89aa_rules.pdf |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |at=RULE TWENTY-TWO SPECIAL RULES FOR THE VISUAL EFFECTS AWARD |quote=Five productions shall be selected using reweighted range voting to become the nominations for final voting for the Visual Effects award.}}</ref>
Film companies will spend as much as several million dollars on [[For Your Consideration (advertising)|marketing to awards voters]] for a film in the running for Best Picture, in attempts to improve chances of receiving Oscars and other film awards conferred in [[Oscar season]]. The Academy enforces rules to limit overt campaigning by its members to try to eliminate excesses and prevent the process from becoming undignified. It has an awards czar on staff who advises members on allowed practices and levies penalties on offenders.<ref>{{cite book |last=Marich |first=Robert |title=Marketing to Moviegoers: A Handbook of Strategies and Tactics |publisher=[[Southern Illinois University Press]] |year=2013 |edition=3rd |pages=235–48}}</ref> For example, a producer of the 2009 Best Picture nominee ''[[The Hurt Locker]]'' was disqualified as a producer in the category when he contacted associates urging them to vote for his film and not another that was seen as the front-runner. ''The Hurt Locker'' eventually won.
=== Academy Screening Room ===
The Academy Screening Room or Academy Digital Screening Room is a secure [[List of streaming media services|streaming platform]] which allows voting members of the Academy to view all eligible films (except, initially, those in the International category) in one place. It was introduced in 2019, for the 2020 Oscars. DVD screeners and Academy in-person screenings were still provided. For films to be included on the platform, the North American distributor must pay {{USD|12,500|long=no}}, including a [[Digital watermarking|watermarking]] fee, and a digital copy of the film to be prepared for streaming by the Academy. The platform can be accessed via [[Apple TV]] and [[Roku]] players.<ref>{{cite web |last=Thompson |first=Anne |date=October 31, 2019 |title=Academy Opens Online 'Screening Room' for Oscar Contenders |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2019/10/oscars-2020-academy-screening-room-feature-voting-1202186244/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125013951/https://www.indiewire.com/2019/10/oscars-2020-academy-screening-room-feature-voting-1202186244/ |archive-date=January 25, 2022 |access-date=January 25, 2022 |website=IndieWire}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Urban |first=Sasha |date=March 17, 2022 |title=How the Academy's Screening Room Helps Films Find a Global Audience Among Oscar Voters |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/global/academy-screening-room-oscar-voters-1235204906/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406044133/https://variety.com/2022/film/global/academy-screening-room-oscar-voters-1235204906/ |archive-date=April 6, 2022 |access-date=April 6, 2022 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> The watermarking process involved several video security firms, creating a forensic watermark and restricting the ability to take screenshots or screen recordings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences: How the Academy Awards Shared Films With Oscar® Voters With Complete Security |url=https://www.brightcove.com/en/customers/academy-motion-picture-arts-and-sciences/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125013952/https://www.brightcove.com/en/customers/academy-motion-picture-arts-and-sciences/ |archive-date=January 25, 2022 |access-date=January 25, 2022 |website=Brightcove}}</ref>
In 2021, for the 2022 Oscars, the Academy banned all physical screeners and in-person screenings, restricting official membership viewing to the Academy Screening Room. Films eligible in the Documentary and International categories were made available in different sections of the platform. Distributors can also pay an extra fee to add video featurettes to promote their films on the platform.<ref name="DeadlineScreeningRoom">{{cite web |last=Hammond |first=Pete |date=August 27, 2021 |title=Oscars: Academy Digital Screening Room Opens With Amazon And Netflix Contenders First To Vie For Voter Attention; DVDs Now Banned |url=https://deadline.com/2021/08/oscars-academy-digital-screening-room-opens-netflix-amazon-1234823367/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125013952/https://deadline.com/2021/08/oscars-academy-digital-screening-room-opens-netflix-amazon-1234823367/ |archive-date=January 25, 2022 |access-date=January 25, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> The in-person screenings were said to be cancelled because of the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{cite web |last=Welk |first=Brian |date=August 27, 2021 |title=Oscars Academy Postpones All In-Person Events and Screenings Until 2022 |url=https://www.thewrap.com/oscars-academy-postpones-all-in-person-events-and-screenings-until-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125013953/https://www.thewrap.com/oscars-academy-postpones-all-in-person-events-and-screenings-until-2022/ |archive-date=January 25, 2022 |access-date=January 25, 2022}}</ref> Eligible films do not have to be added to the platform, but the Academy advertises them to voting members when they are.<ref name="DeadlineScreeningRoom"/>
== Awards ceremonies ==
{{See also|List of Academy Awards ceremonies}}
=== Telecast ===
[[File:31st Acad Awards.jpg|thumb|The [[31st Academy Awards]], [[Hollywood Pantages Theatre]], 1959]]
[[File:81st Academy Awards Ceremony.JPG|thumb|The [[81st Academy Awards]], [[Dolby Theatre]], 2009]]
[[File:Dolby Theatre Oscars Los Angeles USA Mar23 IMG 8321.jpg|thumb|The [[95th Academy Awards]], [[Dolby Theatre]], 2023]]
The major awards are presented at a live televised ceremony, commonly in late February or early March following the relevant calendar year, and six weeks after the announcement of the nominees. It is the culmination of the film awards season, which usually begins during November or December of the previous year. This is an elaborate extravaganza, with the invited guests walking up the red carpet in the creations of the most prominent fashion designers of the day. [[Black tie]] dress is the most common outfit for men. Fashion may dictate not wearing a [[bow tie]], and musical performers are sometimes not required to adhere to this. The artists who recorded the nominees for Best Original Song quite often perform those songs live at the awards ceremony, and the fact that they are performing is often used to promote the television broadcast.
The Academy Awards is the world's longest-running awards show televised live from the United States to all time zones in North America and worldwide, and gathers billions of viewers elsewhere throughout the world.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 19, 2016 |title=What was the longest Oscars telecast ever? |url=https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/oscars-what-were-the-longest-ceremony-telecasts-in-academy-awards-history-1.11488884 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212316/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/oscars-what-were-the-longest-ceremony-telecasts-in-academy-awards-history-1.11488884 |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |access-date=October 29, 2019 |website=Newsday}}</ref> The Oscars were first televised [[25th Academy Awards|in 1953]] by [[NBC]], which continued to broadcast the event until [[32nd Academy Awards|1960]], when [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] took over, televising the festivities, including the first color broadcast of the event in [[38th Academy Awards|1966]], to [[42nd Academy Awards|1970]]. NBC regained the rights for five years {{nowrap|(1971–75),}} then ABC resumed broadcast duties in [[48th Academy Awards|1976]] and its current contract with the Academy runs through 2028.<ref>{{cite news |date=August 31, 2016 |title=ABC Signs Expansive New Agreement to Broadcast The Oscars, Hollywood's Biggest Entertainment Ceremony, Through 2028 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |url=http://www.oscars.org/news/abc-signs-expansive-new-agreement-broadcast-oscarsr-hollywoods-biggest-entertainment-ceremony |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202130914/https://www.oscars.org/news/abc-signs-expansive-new-agreement-broadcast-oscarsr-hollywoods-biggest-entertainment-ceremony |archive-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref>
The Academy has produced condensed versions of the ceremony for broadcast in international markets, especially those outside of the Americas, in more desirable local timeslots. The ceremony was broadcast live internationally for the first time via satellite since 1970, but only two South American countries, Chile and Brazil, purchased the rights to air the broadcast. By that time, the television rights to the Academy Awards had been sold in 50 countries. In 1980, the rights were sold to 60 countries, and by [[56th Academy Awards|1984]], the television rights to the Academy Awards were licensed in 76 countries.
In [[76th Academy Awards|2004]], the ceremonies were moved up from late March/early April to late February, to help disrupt and shorten the intense [[For Your Consideration (advertising)|lobbying and ad campaigns]] associated with [[Oscar season]] in the [[film industry]]. Another reason was because of the growing television ratings success coinciding with the [[NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|NCAA division I men's basketball tournament]], which would cut into the Academy Awards audience. In [[48th Academy Awards|1976]] and [[49th Academy Awards|1977]], ABC's regained Oscars were moved from Tuesday to Monday and went directly opposite the national championship game on NBC. The earlier date is also to the advantage of ABC, as it now usually occurs during the highly profitable and important February [[sweeps]] period.<ref name="Fang">{{cite web |last=Fang |first=Marina |date=June 11, 2019 |title=The Oscars Are Experimenting with a Series Of Date Changes |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/oscars-academy-awards-date-changes_n_5cffe0dee4b02c23d2d2860e |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212338/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/oscars-academy-awards-date-changes_n_5cffe0dee4b02c23d2d2860e |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |access-date=October 29, 2019 |website=HuffPost}}</ref>
Some years, the ceremony is moved into the first Sunday of March to avoid a clash with the [[Winter Olympic Games]]. Another reason for the move to late February and early March is to avoid the awards ceremony occurring so close to the religious holidays of [[Passover]] and Easter, which for decades had been a grievance from members and the general public.<ref name="Fang"/> Advertising is somewhat restricted, as traditionally no film studios or competitors of official Academy Award sponsors may advertise during the telecast. As of 2020, the production of the Academy Awards telecast held the distinction of winning one the highest number of [[Emmy Awards|Emmys]] in history, with 54 wins and 280 nominations overall.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sheehan |first=Paul |date=September 5, 2020 |title=Oscars are one of Emmys' biggest winners |work=Gold Derby |url=https://www.goldderby.com/feature/oscars-emmy-wins-academy-awards-ceremonies-1203685818/ |access-date=November 21, 2023}}</ref>
After many years of being held on Mondays at 6:00{{spaces}}p.m. [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]]/9:00{{spaces}}pm [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern]], since the [[71st Academy Awards|1999 ceremony]], it was moved to Sundays at 5:30{{spaces}}pm PT/8:30{{spaces}}pm ET.<ref>{{cite news |last=Carter |first=Bill |date=April 8, 1998 |title=TV Notes; Moving Oscar Night |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/08/movies/tv-notes-moving-oscar-night.html |access-date=March 8, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304185231/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/08/movies/tv-notes-moving-oscar-night.html |archive-date=March 4, 2014}}</ref> The reasons given for the move were that more viewers would tune in on Sundays, that Los Angeles rush-hour traffic jams could be avoided, and an earlier start time would allow viewers on the East Coast to go to bed earlier.<ref>{{cite news |date=July 1, 1998 |title=Academy Awards will move to Sunday night |work=Reading Eagle |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19980701&id=-CsiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eqYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6637,43314 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713172446/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19980701&id=-CsiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eqYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6637,43314 |archive-date=July 13, 2015 |via=Google News Archive}}</ref> For many years the film industry opposed a Sunday broadcast because it would cut into the weekend box office.<ref>{{cite news |date=March 19, 1999 |title=Never Say Never: Academy Awards move to Sunday |work=The Item |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1980&dat=19990319&id=sKEiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=laoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1224,4570799 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713172447/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1980&dat=19990319&id=sKEiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=laoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1224,4570799 |archive-date=July 13, 2015 |via=Google News Archive}}</ref>
In 2010, the Academy contemplated moving the ceremony even further back into January, citing television viewers' fatigue with the film industry's long awards season. However, such an accelerated schedule would dramatically decrease the voting period for its members, to the point where some voters would only have time to view the contending films streamed on their computers, as opposed to traditionally receiving the films and ballots in the mail. Additionally, a January ceremony on Sunday would clash with [[National Football League]] (NFL) playoff games.<ref>{{cite news |last=Horn |first=John |date=October 5, 2010 |title=Academy looks to move 2012 Oscar ceremony up several weeks |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-oct-05-la-et-oscars-20101005-story.html |access-date=February 28, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308124541/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/oct/05/entertainment/la-et-oscars-20101005 |archive-date=March 8, 2014}}</ref> In 2018, the Academy announced that the ceremony would be moved from late February to mid-February beginning with the 92nd Academy Awards in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 5, 2018 |title=Academy Determines New Oscars Category Merits Further Study |url=https://www.oscars.org/news/academy-determines-new-oscars-category-merits-further-study |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114100723/https://oscars.org/news/academy-determines-new-oscars-category-merits-further-study |archive-date=January 14, 2019 |access-date=January 15, 2019 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |quote=The Board of Governors also voted to move up the date of the 92nd Oscars telecast to Sunday, February 9, 2020, from the previously announced February 23}}</ref> In 2024, the ceremony was moved to an even earlier start time of 4:00{{spaces}}pm PT/7:00{{spaces}}p.m. ET, the apparent impetus being the ability for ABC to air a half-hour of primetime programming as a lead-out program at 7:30{{spaces}}p.m. PT/10:30{{spaces}}p.m. ET.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hammond |first1=Pete |last2=Hipes |first2=Patrick |date=November 30, 2023 |title=Oscars 2024 Ceremony Moves Up Start Time by an Hour; ''Abbott Elementary'' to Follow Telecast on ABC |url=https://deadline.com/2023/11/oscars-2024-start-time-moved-abc-1235644551/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130181158/https://deadline.com/2023/11/oscars-2024-start-time-moved-abc-1235644551/ |archive-date=November 30, 2023 |access-date=November 30, 2023 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref>
Originally scheduled for April 8, 1968, the [[40th Academy Awards]] ceremony was postponed for two days, because of the [[Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.|assassination]] of [[Martin Luther King Jr.|Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.]] On March 30, 1981, the [[53rd Academy Awards]] was postponed for one day, after the [[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan|attempted assassination]] of President [[Ronald Reagan]] and others in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lindsey |first=Robert |date=March 31, 1981 |title=Academy Awards Postponed to Tonight |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/31/arts/academy-awards-postponed-to-tonight.html |url-status=live |access-date=October 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212356/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/31/arts/academy-awards-postponed-to-tonight.html |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
In 1993, an ''In Memoriam'' segment was introduced,<ref name="fawcett">{{cite news |last=Child |first=Ben |date=March 10, 2010 |title=Farrah Fawcett:Oscars director apologises for 'In Memoriam' omission |work=The Guardian |___location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/mar/10/oscars-farrah-fawcett |url-status=live |access-date=March 8, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414020632/http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2010/mar/10/oscars-farrah-fawcett |archive-date=April 14, 2010}}</ref> honoring those who had made a significant contribution to cinema who had died in the preceding 12 months, a selection compiled by a small committee of Academy members.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cohen |first=Sandy |date=March 3, 2010 |title=Oscar's 'In Memoriam' segment is touching to watch, painful to make |work=USA Today |agency=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/movieawards/oscars/2010-03-03-oscar-memorial-segment_N.htm |url-status=live |access-date=March 8, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306133003/http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/movieawards/oscars/2010-03-03-oscar-memorial-segment_N.htm |archive-date=March 6, 2010}}</ref> This segment has drawn criticism over the years for the omission of some names. Criticism was also levied for many years regarding another aspect, with the segment having a "[[popularity contest]]" feel as the audience varied their applause to those who had died by the subject's cultural impact. The applause has since been muted during the telecast, and the audience is discouraged from clapping during the segment and giving silent reflection instead. This segment was later followed by a commercial break.
In terms of broadcast length, the ceremony generally averages three and a half hours. The first Oscars, in 1929, lasted 15{{spaces}}minutes. At the other end of the spectrum, the 2002 ceremony lasted four hours and twenty-three minutes.<ref>Ehbar, Ned (February 28, 2014). "Did you know?" ''Metro''. New York City. p. 18.</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=March 25, 2002 |title=Halle Berry, Denzel Washington Win Big |publisher=[[Fox News]] |url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/halle-berry-denzel-washington-win-big |url-status=live |access-date=March 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514053517/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C48650%2C00.html |archive-date=May 14, 2012}}</ref> In 2010, the organizers of the Academy Awards announced winners' [[Oscar speech|acceptance speeches]] must not run past 45{{spaces}}seconds. This, according to organizer Bill Mechanic, was to ensure the elimination of what he termed "the single most hated thing on the show"—overly long and embarrassing displays of emotion.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jones |first=Sam |date=February 16, 2010 |title=Cut ... all change at Oscars as winners are given just 45{{spaces}}seconds to say thanks |work=The Guardian |___location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/feb/16/oscar-winners-speeches-cut |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128143126/http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2010/feb/16/oscar-winners-speeches-cut |archive-date=January 28, 2011}}</ref> In 2016, in a further effort to streamline speeches, winners' dedications were displayed on an on-screen [[news ticker|ticker]].<ref name="usatoday-thankyouscroll">{{cite web |title=Can the 'thank-you scroll' save Oscar speeches? |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2016/02/25/thank-you-scroll-oscars-telecast/80840490/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160228195632/http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2016/02/25/thank-you-scroll-oscars-telecast/80840490/ |archive-date=February 28, 2016 |access-date=February 29, 2016 |website=USA Today}}</ref>
During the 2018 ceremony, host [[Jimmy Kimmel]] acknowledged how long the ceremony had become, by announcing that he would give a brand-new [[jet ski]] to whoever gave the shortest speech of the night, a reward won by [[Mark Bridges (costume designer)|Mark Bridges]] when accepting his [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]] award for ''[[Phantom Thread]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=This Costume Designer Won Jimmy Kimmel's Jet Ski at the Oscars |url=https://time.com/5185611/oscars-jet-ski/ |url-status=live |magazine=Time |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305125334/http://time.com/5185611/oscars-jet-ski/ |archive-date=March 5, 2018 |access-date=March 5, 2018}}</ref> ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' analyzed the average minutes spent across the 2014–2018 telecasts as follows: 14 on song performances; 25 on the hosts' speeches; 38 on prerecorded clips; and 78 on the awards themselves, broken into 24 on the introduction and announcement, 24 on winners walking to the stage, and 30 on their acceptance speeches.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bellini |first=Jason |date=February 21, 2019 |title=The Oscars Are Famously Long – Where Does the Time Go? |url=https://www.wsj.com/video/the-oscars-are-famously-long-where-does-the-time-go/B4B0FC92-67CE-459E-B971-0E941877A642.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222014509/https://www.wsj.com/video/the-oscars-are-famously-long-where-does-the-time-go/B4B0FC92-67CE-459E-B971-0E941877A642.html |archive-date=February 22, 2019 |access-date=February 22, 2019 |website=The Wall Street Journal |format=Video}}</ref>
Although still dominant in ratings, the viewership of the Academy Awards has steadily dropped. The [[88th Academy Awards]] were the lowest-rated in the past eight years (although with increases in male and 18–49 viewership), while the show itself also faced mixed reception. Following the show, ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' reported that ABC was, in negotiating an extension to its contract to broadcast the Oscars, seeking to have more creative control over the broadcast itself. Currently and nominally, AMPAS is responsible for most aspects of the telecast, including the choice of production staff and hosting, although ABC is allowed to have some input on their decisions.<ref name="variety-struggleabc">{{cite web |date=March 2016 |title=ABC's Oscar Contract Renegotiations: Who'll Get Creative Control? |url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/abc-academy-oscars-deal-renegotiations-oscars-2016-1201718452/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302000335/http://variety.com/2016/tv/news/abc-academy-oscars-deal-renegotiations-oscars-2016-1201718452/ |archive-date=March 2, 2016 |access-date=March 2, 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref> In August 2016, AMPAS extended its contract with ABC to 2028: the contract neither contains any notable changes nor gives ABC any further creative control over the telecast.<ref name="variety-2028">{{cite web |date=September 2016 |title=Inside the Oscars Deal: What it Means for ABC and the Academy |url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/abc-oscars-deal-status-quo-1201849487/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901184910/http://variety.com/2016/tv/news/abc-oscars-deal-status-quo-1201849487/ |archive-date=September 1, 2016 |access-date=September 2, 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref>
=== TV ratings ===
[[File:Academy Awards Viewership 1974-2023, in millions.png|thumb|Academy Awards Viewership 1974–2023, in millions<ref name="tvbythenumbers"/>]]
Historically, the telecast's viewership is higher when box-office hits are favored to win the Best Picture award. More than 57.25{{spaces}}million viewers tuned to the telecast for the [[70th Academy Awards]] in 1998, the year of ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'', which generated a box office haul during its initial 1997–98 run of {{USD|600.8 million|long=no}} in the US, a box-office record that would remain unsurpassed for years.<ref>{{cite news |last=James |first=Meg |date=February 23, 2008 |title=Academy's red carpet big stage for advertisers |work=The Seattle Times |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2004196530_oscarads23.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117115833/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2004196530_oscarads23.html |archive-date=November 17, 2011}}</ref> The [[76th Academy Awards]] ceremony, in which ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' (pre-telecast box office earnings of {{USD|368 million|long=no}}) received 11 Awards, including Best Picture, drew 43.56{{spaces}}million viewers.<ref name="usatoday_oscar">{{cite news |last=Bowles |first=Scott |date=January 26, 2005 |title=Oscars lack blockbuster to lure TV viewers |work=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/movieawards/oscars/2005-01-26-oscar-telecast_x.htm |url-status=live |access-date=November 8, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060915033557/http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/movieawards/oscars/2005-01-26-oscar-telecast_x.htm |archive-date=September 15, 2006}}</ref> The most-watched ceremony based on [[Nielsen ratings]] to date, was the [[42nd Academy Awards]] (Best Picture ''[[Midnight Cowboy]]''), which drew a 43.4% household rating on April 7, 1970.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Oppelaar |first=Justin |date=October 9, 2002 |title=Charts and Data: Top 100 TV Shows of All Time by ''Variety'' |url=https://variety.com/index.asp?layout=chart_pass&charttype=chart_topshowsalltime |magazine=Variety |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118083655/http://www.variety.com/index.asp?layout=chart_pass&charttype=chart_topshowsalltime |archive-date=January 18, 2012 |access-date=February 26, 2014}}</ref> Hoping to reinvigorate the pre-show and ratings, the 2023 Oscars organizers hired members of the [[Met Gala]] creative team.<ref name="OscarsHiredMetGalaTeam">{{cite news |last=Brooks Barnes |date=March 13, 2023 |title=With Its Future at Stake, the Academy Tries to Fix the Oscars (Again) |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/09/business/media/academy-awards-broadcast.html |access-date=April 29, 2023 |quote=To reinvigorate the red carpet preshow, Oscars organizers hired members of the [[Met Gala]] creative team. |archive-date=September 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904073142/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/09/business/media/academy-awards-broadcast.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
By contrast, ceremonies honoring films that have not performed well at the box office tend to show weaker ratings, despite how much critical acclaim those films have received. The [[78th Academy Awards]], which awarded a low-budget independent film (''[[Crash (2004 film)|Crash]]'' with a pre-Oscar gross of {{USD|53.4 million|long=no}}) generated an audience of 38.64{{spaces}}million with a household rating of 22.91%.<ref>{{cite news |last=Levin |first=Gary |date=March 7, 2006 |title=Low Ratings ''Crash'' Party |work=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2006-03-07-nielsen-analysis_x.htm |url-status=live |access-date=April 14, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611173534/http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2006-03-07-nielsen-analysis_x.htm |archive-date=June 11, 2010}}</ref> In 2008, the [[80th Academy Awards]] telecast was watched by 31.76{{spaces}}million viewers on average with an 18.66% household rating, the lowest-rated and least-watched ceremony at the time, in spite of celebrating 80 years of the Academy Awards.<ref>{{cite news |title=Oscar ratings worst ever |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=http://www.capecodonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080227/LIFE/802270307 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330005242/http://www.capecodonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20080227%2FLIFE%2F802270307 |archive-date=March 30, 2014}}</ref> The Best Picture winner of that particular ceremony was another independent film (this time, the [[Coen brothers]]'s ''[[No Country for Old Men]]'').
Whereas the [[92nd Academy Awards]] drew an average of 23.6{{spaces}}million viewers,<ref>{{cite news |last=Golum |first=Rob |date=February 10, 2020 |title=Oscars Draw Record Low Audience With 23.6 Million Viewers |work=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-10/oscars-draw-lowest-audience-on-record-with-23-6-million-viewers |url-status=live |access-date=March 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624030249/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-10/oscars-draw-lowest-audience-on-record-with-23-6-million-viewers |archive-date=June 24, 2020}}</ref> the [[93rd Academy Awards]] drew an even lower viewership of 10.4{{spaces}}million,<ref>{{cite news |last=Patten |first=Dominic |date=April 27, 2021 |title=Oscar Viewership Rises To 10.4M In Final Numbers; Remains Least Watched & Lowest Rated Academy Awards Ever – Update |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |url=https://deadline.com/2021/04/2021-0scars-tv-ratings-academy-awards-low-abc-disney-1234744135/ |url-status=live |access-date=April 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427000428/https://deadline.com/2021/04/2021-0scars-tv-ratings-academy-awards-low-abc-disney-1234744135/ |archive-date=April 27, 2021}}</ref> the lowest viewership recorded by Nielsen since it started recording audience totals in 1974.<ref>{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Gerry |date=April 26, 2021 |title=Oscars Audience Collapses in Latest Setback for Awards Shows |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-26/oscars-audience-falls-by-over-half-in-latest-setback-for-awards |url-status=live |access-date=April 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429232051/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-26/oscars-audience-falls-by-over-half-in-latest-setback-for-awards |archive-date=April 29, 2021}}</ref> The [[94th Academy Awards|94th]] and [[95th Academy Awards|95th]] editions drew 16.6 and 18.7{{spaces}}million viewers, respectively, still below the audience of the 92nd edition.<ref name="CNN Ratings 2022"/><ref name="Yahoo Ratings 2023"/>
=== Archive ===
The [[Academy Film Archive]] holds copies of every Academy Awards ceremony since the 1949 Oscars, as well as material on many prior ceremonies, along with ancillary material related to more recent shows. Copies are held in a variety of film, video and digital formats.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 4, 2014 |title=Academy Awards Collection |url=https://www.oscars.org/film-archive/collections/academy-awards-collection |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212319/https://www.oscars.org/film-archive/collections/academy-awards-collection |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |access-date=April 14, 2020 |website=Academy Film Archive}}</ref>
== Venues ==
In 1929, the first Academy Awards were presented at a banquet dinner at the [[Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel]]. From 1930 to 1943, the ceremony alternated between two venues: the [[Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)|Ambassador Hotel]] on [[Wilshire Boulevard]] and the [[The Biltmore Los Angeles|Biltmore Hotel]] in downtown Los Angeles.
[[Grauman's Chinese Theatre]] in Hollywood then hosted the awards from 1944 to 1946, followed by the [[Shrine Auditorium and Expo Hall|Shrine Auditorium]] in Los Angeles from 1947 to 1948. The [[21st Academy Awards]] in 1949 were held at the Academy Award Theatre at what had been the Academy's headquarters on [[Melrose Avenue]] in Hollywood.<ref>{{cite web |title=Oscars Award Venues |url=http://www.oscars.org/aboutacademyawards/venues.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061212063803/http://www.oscars.org/aboutacademyawards/venues.html |archive-date=December 12, 2006 |access-date=April 13, 2007 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}}</ref>
From 1950 to 1960, the awards were presented at Hollywood's [[Hollywood Pantages Theatre|Pantages Theatre]]. With the advent of television, the awards from 1953 to 1957 took place simultaneously in Hollywood and New York, first at the [[International Theatre|NBC International Theatre]] (1953) and then at the [[New Century Theatre|NBC Century Theatre]], after which the ceremony took place solely in Los Angeles. In 1961, the Oscars moved to the [[Santa Monica Civic Auditorium]] in [[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]], California. In 1969, the Academy moved the ceremonies back to Downtown Los Angeles, to the [[Dorothy Chandler Pavilion]] at the [[Los Angeles Music Center|Los Angeles County Music Center]]. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the ceremony returned to the Shrine Auditorium.
In 2002, Hollywood's [[Dolby Theatre]], previously known as the Kodak Theatre, became the presentation's current venue.<ref>{{cite news |title=Oscars' home renamed Dolby Theatre |publisher=[[CBS News]] |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505245_162-57425417/oscars-home-renamed-dolby-theatre/ |url-status=dead |access-date=May 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502081049/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505245_162-57425417/oscars-home-renamed-dolby-theatre/ |archive-date=May 2, 2012}}</ref>
{{clear}}
== Categories ==
=== Current categories ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of current Awards of Merit categories by year introduced, sortable by category
! Year introduced
! Category
|-
| '''1927/28'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]]
|-
| '''1927/28'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
|-
| '''1927/28'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|-
| '''1927/28'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|-
| '''1927/28'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]
|-
| '''1927/28'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Production Design|Best Production Design]]
|-
| '''1927/28'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay|Best Adapted Screenplay]]
|-
| '''1929/30'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]]
|-
| '''1931/32'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film|Best Animated Short Film]]
|-
| '''1931/32'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film|Best Live Action Short Film]]
|-
| '''1934'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]]
|-
| '''1934'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]]
|-
| '''1934'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]]
|-
| '''1936'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|-
| '''1936'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
|-
| '''1939'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]]
|-
| '''1940'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay|Best Original Screenplay]]
|-
| '''1941'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film|Best Documentary Short Film]]
|-
| '''1943'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film|Best Documentary Feature Film]]
|-
| '''1947'''
| [[Academy Award for Best International Feature Film|Best International Feature Film]]
|-
| '''1948'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]
|-
| '''1981'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling|Best Makeup and Hairstyling]]
|-
| '''2001'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Animated Feature|Best Animated Feature Film]]
|}
In the first year of the awards, the Best Directing award was split into two categories, Drama and Comedy. At times, the Best Original Score award has also been split into separate categories, Drama and Comedy/Musical. From the 1930s to the 1960s, the Art Direction (now Production Design), Cinematography, and Costume Design awards were split into two categories (black-and-white films and color films). Prior to 2012, the Production Design award was called Art Direction, while the Makeup and Hairstyling award was called Makeup. Prior to 2020, the International Feature Film award was called Foreign Language Film.
In August 2018, the Academy announced that several categories would not be televised live, but recorded during commercial breaks and aired later in the ceremony.<ref>{{cite news |title=Oscars Won't Televise All Awards, Adds Popular Film Category |work=The Hollywood Reporter |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/race/academy-plans-three-hour-oscars-telecast-adds-popular-film-category-1133138 |url-status=live |access-date=August 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103125108/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/race/academy-plans-three-hour-oscars-telecast-adds-popular-film-category-1133138 |archive-date=November 3, 2016}}</ref>
Following dissent from Academy members, they announced that they would air all 24 categories live. This followed several proposals, among them, the introduction of a Popular Film category, that the Academy had announced but did not implement.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Academy Reverses Decision, Will Air All Awards at the 2019 Oscars |magazine=Time |url=http://time.com/5531252/air-all-awards-oscars-2019/ |url-status=dead |access-date=February 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217185917/http://time.com/5531252/air-all-awards-oscars-2019/ |archive-date=February 17, 2019}}</ref>
=== Upcoming categories ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of upcoming Awards of Merit categories
! Year introduced (planned)
! Category
|-
| '''2026'''
| Best Casting<ref name="deadline2024">{{cite news |last1=Hammond |first1=Pete |title=Motion Picture Academy Creates Casting Category, First New Competitive Oscar Since 2001 |url=https://deadline.com/2024/02/motion-picture-academy-creates-casting-category-first-new-competitive-oscar-since-2001-1235819319/ |access-date=February 8, 2024 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=February 8, 2024}}</ref>
|-
|'''2028'''
| Best Stunt Design<ref name="Variety Stunts"/>
|}
In February 2024, the Academy announced it would introduce an award for Achievement in Casting from the 98th ceremony in 2026,<ref name="deadline2024"/> having rejected the category in 1999.<ref name="mentalfloss">{{cite web |last=Conradt |first=Stacy |date=February 18, 2010 |title=The Quick 10: 10 Bygone (or rejected) Academy Awards Categories |url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/24001/quick-10-10-bygone-or-rejected-academy-awards-categories |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208174915/http://mentalfloss.com/article/24001/quick-10-10-bygone-or-rejected-academy-awards-categories |archive-date=December 8, 2017 |access-date=July 3, 2017 |website=Mental Floss}}</ref> In April 2025, it announced that Best Stunt Design would be introduced from the 100th ceremony in 2028,<ref name="Variety Stunts">{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2025/awards/news/oscars-stunt-category-1236366412/ |title=Oscars Adds best Stunt Design Category Starting in 2027 |last=Stephan |first=Katcy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 10, 2025 }}</ref> having rejected the proposal for a Best Stunt Coordination award every year from 1991 to 2012.<ref>{{cite news |date=April 1, 2012 |title=It's Time to Create an Oscar For Stunt Coordinators |publisher=Film School Rejects |url=https://filmschoolrejects.com/opinions/its-time-to-create-an-oscar-for-stunt-coordinators-etrav.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104200600/http://www.filmschoolrejects.com/opinions/its-time-to-create-an-oscar-for-stunt-coordinators-etrav.php |archive-date=November 4, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=April 4, 2012 |title=Jack Gill Interview |publisher=Action Fest |url=http://actionfest.com/stunt-legends-man-of-action-jack-gills-quest-to-gain-academy-award-recognition-for-stunt-professionals-part-2/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130428074119/http://actionfest.com/stunt-legends-man-of-action-jack-gills-quest-to-gain-academy-award-recognition-for-stunt-professionals-part-2/ |archive-date=April 28, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Handel |first=Jonathan |date=June 15, 2011 |title=Academy Votes Against Creating Oscar Category for Stunt Coordinators |work=The Hollywood Reporter |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/race/academy-votes-creating-oscar-category-202123 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026022931/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/race/academy-votes-creating-oscar-category-202123 |archive-date=October 26, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hiltzik |first=Michael |date=August 4, 2005 |title=One stunt they've been unable to pull off |work=Los Angeles Times |url=http://theenvelope.latimes.com/movies/env-fi-stunts4aug04,0,3864314.story?coll=env-movies |access-date=April 13, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922144011/http://theenvelope.latimes.com/movies/env-fi-stunts4aug04%2C0%2C3864314.story?coll=env-movies |archive-date=September 22, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Mendelson |first=Scott |date=April 7, 2023 |title=Oscars for Stunts? Filmmakers and Insiders Say It's Overdue |url=https://www.thewrap.com/oscars-stunts-john-wick-indiana-jones-fast-x/ |magazine=[[The Wrap]]}}</ref>
=== Discontinued categories ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of discontinued Awards of Merit categories by year introduced, sortable by category
! Year introduced
! Year discontinued
! Category
|-
| '''1927/28'''
| '''1927/28'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director, Comedy Picture]]
|-
| '''1927/28'''
| '''1927/28'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director, Dramatic Picture]]
|-
| '''1927/28'''
| '''1927/28'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects#Engineering Effects Award|Best Engineering Effects]]
|-
| '''1927/28'''
| '''1927/28'''
| Best Title Writing
|-
| '''1927/28'''
| '''1927/28'''
| Best Unique and Artistic Production
|-
| '''1927/28'''
| '''1956'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Story|Best Original Story]]
|-
| '''1931/32'''
| '''1935'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film|Best Short Subject – Comedy]]
|-
| '''1931/32'''
| '''1935'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film|Best Short Subject – Novelty]]
|-
| '''1932/33'''
| '''1937'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Assistant Director|Best Assistant Director]]
|-
| '''1935'''
| '''1937'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Dance Direction|Best Dance Direction]]
|-
| '''1936'''
| '''1956'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film|Best Short Subject – 1 Reel]]
|-
| '''1936'''
| '''1956'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film|Best Short Subject – 2 Reel]]
|-
| '''1936'''
| '''1937'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film|Best Short Subject – Color]]
|-
| '''1963'''
| '''2019'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound Editing]]
|-
| '''1995'''
| '''1998'''
| [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Musical or Comedy Score]]
|}
=== Proposed categories ===
The Board of Governors meets each year and considers new award categories, including:
* [[Academy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Popular Film|Best Popular Film]]: proposed in 2018 for presentation at the 2019 ceremony; postponed and yet to be implemented<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilday |first=Gregg |date=September 6, 2018 |title=Academy Postponing New Popular Oscar Category |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/academy-postponing-new-popular-oscar-category-1140423 |url-status=live |access-date=September 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103125108/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/academy-postponing-new-popular-oscar-category-1140423 |archive-date=November 3, 2016}}</ref>
* Best Title Design: rejected in 1999<ref name="mentalfloss"/>
== Special categories ==
The Special Academy Awards are voted on by special committees, rather than by the Academy membership as a whole. They are not always presented on an annual basis.
=== Current special categories ===
* [[Academy Honorary Award]]: since 1929
* [[Academy Scientific and Technical Award]] (three different awards): since 1931
* [[Gordon E. Sawyer Award]]: since 1981
* [[Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award]]: since 1957 <!--- Established in 1956; first presented in early 1957. --->
* [[Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award]]: since 1938 <!--- Established in 1937; first presented in early 1938. --->
=== Discontinued special categories ===
* [[Academy Juvenile Award]]: 1934 to 1960
* [[Special Achievement Academy Award|Academy Special Achievement Award]]: from 1972 to 1995, and again for 2017
== Criticism and controversies ==
=== Accusations of commercialism ===
Due to the positive exposure and prestige of the Academy Awards, many studios spend around 25 million dollars and hire publicists specifically to promote their films during what is typically called the "[[Oscar season]]".<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 10, 2024 |title=Comment l'équipe d'" Anatomie d'une chute " a mené sa campagne dans le marathon pour les Oscars |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2024/03/10/dans-le-marathon-pour-les-oscars-anatomie-d-une-chute-tente-de-se-frayer-un-couloir_6221137_3246.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |work=Le Monde.fr |language=fr}}</ref> This has generated accusations of the Academy Awards being influenced more by marketing and [[lobbying]] than by quality. [[William Friedkin]], an Academy Award-winning film director and former producer of the ceremony, expressed this sentiment at a conference in New York in 2009, describing it as "the greatest promotion scheme that any industry ever devised for itself".<ref>{{cite AV media |url=http://fora.tv/2009/02/24/Director_William_Friedkin_at_the_Hudson_Union_Society#William_Friedkin_Says_Oscars_Simply_a_Promotion_Scheme |title=Director William Friedkin at the Hudson Union Society |date=February 24, 2009 |access-date=March 11, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310081013/http://fora.tv/2009/02/24/Director_William_Friedkin_at_the_Hudson_Union_Society#William_Friedkin_Says_Oscars_Simply_a_Promotion_Scheme |archive-date=March 10, 2009 |url-status=usurped |people=Friedkin, William (Director)}}</ref>
Tim Dirks, editor of [[American Movie Classics|AMC]]'s [[Filmsite]], has written of the Academy Awards:
{{blockquote|Unfortunately, the critical worth, artistic vision, cultural influence and innovative qualities of many films are not given the same voting weight. Especially since the 1980s, moneymaking "formula-made" blockbusters with glossy production values have often been crowd-pleasing titans (and Best Picture winners), but they haven't necessarily been great films with depth or critical acclaim by any measure.<ref>{{cite web |title=Academy Awards – The Oscars |url=http://www.filmsite.org/oscars.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140120093333/http://www.filmsite.org/oscars.html |archive-date=January 20, 2014 |access-date=October 4, 2009}}</ref>}}
A recent technique that has been claimed to be used during the Oscar season is the [[whisper campaign]]. These campaigns are intended to spread negative perceptions of other films nominated and are believed to be perpetrated by those who were involved in creating the film. Examples of whisper campaigns include the allegations against ''[[Zero Dark Thirty]]'' suggesting that it justifies torture and the claim that ''[[Lincoln (film)|Lincoln]]'' distorts history.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kilday |first=Gregg |date=December 20, 2012 |title=Oscar's Dirty Tricks: Inside the Whisper Campaign Machine (Analysis) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/race/oscars-dirty-tricks-inside-whisper-405693 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043347/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/race/oscars-dirty-tricks-inside-whisper-405693 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |access-date=March 2, 2019 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref>
=== Accusations of bias ===
{{further|Oscar bait}}
Typical criticism of the Academy Awards for Best Picture is that among the winners and nominees there is an over-representation of romantic historical epics, biographical dramas, romantic dramedies and family melodramas, most of which are released in the U.S. in the last three months of the calendar year. The Oscars have been infamously known for selecting specific genres of films to be awarded. The term "[[Oscar bait]]" was coined to describe such films. This has led, at times, to more specific criticisms that the Academy is disconnected from the audience, e.g., by favoring "Oscar bait" over audience favorites or favoring historical melodramas over critically acclaimed films that depict current life issues.<ref>{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Kyle |title=Have the Oscars jumped the shark? |work=New York Post |url=http://www.nypost.com/p/entertainment/movies/have_the_oscars_jumped_the_shark_LLhBrvPY35EnSH0iQzrqRJ |access-date=January 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418115808/http://www.nypost.com/p/entertainment/movies/have_the_oscars_jumped_the_shark_LLhBrvPY35EnSH0iQzrqRJ |archive-date=April 18, 2012}}</ref>
Despite the success of ''[[The Dark Knight]]'', the film did not receive a [[Best Picture]] nomination at the [[81st Academy Awards]]. This decision received substantial criticism and was described as a "snub" by many publications.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Child |first=Ben |date=January 28, 2009 |title=The week in geek: The Dark Knight's Oscars snub is a disgrace |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2009/jan/28/oscars-sciencefictionandfantasy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204144754/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2009/jan/28/oscars-sciencefictionandfantasy |archive-date=December 4, 2024 |access-date=December 1, 2023 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Wallace |first=Lewis |title=Why So Serious? Oscars Snub Dark Knight for Top Awards |language=en-US |magazine=Wired |url=https://www.wired.com/2009/01/why-so-serious/ |access-date=December 1, 2023 |issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref name="Sims">{{Cite web |last=Sims |first=David |date=July 18, 2018 |title='The Dark Knight' Changed Hollywood Movies Forever |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2018/07/the-dark-knight-legitimized-the-superhero-movie-for-better-and-worse/565448/ |access-date=December 1, 2023 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> The backlash to the decision was such that, for the [[82nd Academy Awards]] awards in 2010, the Academy increased the limit for Best Picture nominees from five to ten, a change known as "The Dark Knight Rule".<ref name="Sims"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tapley |first=Kristopher |date=July 17, 2018 |title=Christopher Nolan's 'Dark Knight' Changed Movies, and the Oscars, Forever |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/in-contention/dark-knight-changed-movies-christopher-nolan-1202874041/ |access-date=December 1, 2023 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=February 21, 2017 |title=How Much Has Changed Since Oscar Expanded Best Picture Nominations? |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-best-picture-expansion-analysis-1201992206/ |access-date=December 1, 2023 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Cieply |first1=Michael |date=July 17, 2013 |title=Motion Picture Academy Expands the Best-Picture Pool to 10 Nominees |work=The New York Times |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/25/movies/25oscars.html |access-date=December 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717165526/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/25/movies/25oscars.html |archive-date=July 17, 2013}}</ref>
=== Lack of diversity ===
The Academy Awards have long received criticism over its lack of diversity among the nominees.<ref>{{cite web |date=June 15, 2016 |title=In Hollywood, diversity tends to ignore the disabled |url=https://latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-hollywood-diversity-disabled-20160610-snap-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426062804/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-hollywood-diversity-disabled-20160610-snap-story.html |archive-date=April 26, 2017 |access-date=April 25, 2017 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=February 24, 2017 |title=Oscars diversity debate must include learning disability |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/feb/24/oscars-diversity-debate-must-include-learning-disability |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212317/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/feb/24/oscars-diversity-debate-must-include-learning-disability |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |access-date=April 25, 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Oscars 2016: Lack of Diversity Has Historically Been a Problem |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/oscars-2016-lack-diversity-historically-problem/story?id=37062502 |url-status=live |access-date=April 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426150745/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/oscars-2016-lack-diversity-historically-problem/story?id=37062502 |archive-date=April 26, 2017}}</ref> This criticism is based on the statistics from every Academy Awards since 1929, which show that only 6.4% of Academy Award nominees have been non-white and since 1991, 11.2% of nominees have been non-white, with the rate of winners being even more polarizing.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Berman |first=Eliza |title=This Chart Proves the Oscars Have a Serious Diversity Problem |url=https://labs.time.com/story/oscars-diversity/ |url-status=live |magazine=Time |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430194958/http://labs.time.com/story/oscars-diversity/ |archive-date=April 30, 2018 |access-date=April 25, 2018}}</ref> For a variety of reasons, including marketability and historical bans on interracial couples, a number of high-profile Oscars have been given to [[Examples of yellowface|yellowface]] portrayals, as well as performances of Asian characters rewritten for white characters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Casting White People in Asian Roles Goes Back Centuries |date=August 20, 2018 |url=https://www.history.com/news/yellowface-whitewashing-in-film-america |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119135943/https://www.history.com/news/yellowface-whitewashing-in-film-america |archive-date=January 19, 2019 |access-date=May 22, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Moreno |first=Carolina |date=February 24, 2017 |title=11 Times The Oscars Honored White Actors For Playing People Of Color |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/11-times-the-oscars-honored-white-actors-for-playing-people-of-color_n_58aefe72e4b0140601306fe8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212314/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/11-times-the-oscars-honored-white-actors-for-playing-people-of-color_n_58aefe72e4b0140601306fe8 |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |access-date=May 22, 2019 |website=HuffPost}}</ref> It took until 2023 for an Asian woman to win an [[Academy Award for Best Actress]], when [[Michelle Yeoh]] received the award for her performance in ''[[Everything Everywhere All at Once]]''. The [[88th Academy Awards|88th awards ceremony]] became the target of a boycott, popularized on social media with the [[hashtag]] #OscarsSoWhite, based on activists' perception that its all-white acting nominee list reflected bias.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Vliet |first=Hannah |date=December 1, 2021 |title=White Saviors Get Gold Trophies: Colorblind Racism and Film Award Culture |url=https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/10.1386/fm_00182_1 |url-status=live |journal=Film Matters |language=en |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=140–151 |doi=10.1386/fm_00182_1 |issn=2042-1869 |s2cid=247260533 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323154250/https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/fm_00182_1 |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |access-date=April 9, 2022}}</ref> In response, the Academy initiated "historic" changes in membership by 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sims |first=David |date=January 19, 2016 |title=Can a Boycott Change the Oscars? |work=[[The Atlantic]] |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/01/can-a-boycott-change-the-oscars/424593/ |url-status=live |access-date=February 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160226162236/http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/01/can-a-boycott-change-the-oscars/424593/ |archive-date=February 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Kreps |first=Daniel |date=January 23, 2016 |title=Academy Promises 'Historic' Changes to Diversify Membership |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/news/academy-promises-historic-changes-to-diversify-membership-20160123 |url-status=live |access-date=February 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160226155628/http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/news/academy-promises-historic-changes-to-diversify-membership-20160123 |archive-date=February 26, 2016}}</ref> Some media critics claim the Academy's efforts to address its purported racial, gender and national biases are merely distractions.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lacina |first1=Bethany |last2=Hecker |first2=Ryan |date=May 16, 2021 |title=The Academy Awards Will Have New Diversity Rules to Qualify for an Oscar. But There's a Huge Loophole |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/04/23/academy-awards-will-have-new-diversity-rules-qualify-an-oscar-theres-huge-loophole/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523022558/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/04/23/academy-awards-will-have-new-diversity-rules-qualify-an-oscar-theres-huge-loophole/ |archive-date=May 23, 2022 |access-date=May 23, 2021 |magazine=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/09/movies/oscars-best-picture-diversity.html |first=Kyle |last=Buchanan |title=The Oscars' New Diversity Rules Are Sweeping but Safe |magazine=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 16, 2021 |access-date=April 23, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=September 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910082228/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/09/movies/oscars-best-picture-diversity.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://remezcla.com/features/film/alfonso-cuaron-oscar-nomination-diversity/ |first=Jessica |last=Valent |title=Are 'Roma's Oscar Nominations a Win for Diversity or a Different Shade of Whiteness in Hollywood? |magazine=[[Remezcla]] |date=February 15, 2019 |access-date=June 23, 2020 |url-status=live |archive-date=September 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930100720/https://remezcla.com/features/film/alfonso-cuaron-oscar-nomination-diversity/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/la-et-st-oscars-mcnamara-notebook-white-hollywood-20160115-column.html |first=Mary |last=McNamara |title=Oscars 2016: It's time for Hollywood to stop defining great drama as white men battling adversity |magazine=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=January 15, 2016 |access-date=November 23, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-date=October 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005170402/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/la-et-st-oscars-mcnamara-notebook-white-hollywood-20160115-column.html}}</ref> By contrast, the [[Golden Globe Awards]] already have multiple winners of Asian descent in leading actress categories.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.goldderby.com/article/2023/michelle-yeoh-everything-everywhere-all-at-once-golden-globes-asian-winners/|title=Michelle Yeoh: Second Asian comedy/musical actress Golden Globe winner|last=Eng|first=Joyce|date=January 10, 2023|work=GoldDerby|access-date=January 11, 2023|archive-date=January 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111050648/https://www.goldderby.com/article/2023/michelle-yeoh-everything-everywhere-all-at-once-golden-globes-asian-winners/|url-status=live}}</ref> Some question whether the Academy's definition of "merit" is just or empowering for non-Americans.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ejumpcut.org/currentissue/DaleHudson/index.html |first=Dale |last=Hudson |title=#OscarMustFall: On Refusing to Give Power to Unjust Definitions of "Merit" |magazine=[[Jump Cut (journal)|Jump Cut]] |year=2022 |access-date=September 27, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=September 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919195412/https://www.ejumpcut.org/currentissue/DaleHudson/index.html}}</ref>
The Academy's Representation and Inclusion Standards have been criticized for excluding [[Jews]] as a distinct underrepresented class.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perry |first=Kevin E G |date=January 10, 2024 |title=Jewish entertainers' group criticises Academy over diversity efforts |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/jewish-entertainers-academy-diversity-criticism-b2476041.html |access-date=January 10, 2024 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref>
=== Miscategorization of actors ===
{{See also|Carol (film)#Oscar category}}
The Academy has no rules for how to categorize whether a performance is leading or supporting, and it is up to the discretion of the studios whether a given performance is submitted for either Best Actor/Actress or Best Supporting Actor/Actress. This has led to situations where a film has two or more co-leads, and one of these is submitted in a supporting category to avoid the two leads competing against each other, and to increase the film's chances of winning. This practice has been derisively called "category fraud".<ref name="liveabout_com">{{cite web |url=https://www.liveabout.com/difference-between-lead-and-supporting-actor-2428097 |title=How Lead and Supporting Actor Oscars Are Determined |access-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-date=December 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209195446/https://www.liveabout.com/difference-between-lead-and-supporting-actor-2428097 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="polygon_com">{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/22399802/oscars-category-controversy |title=The Oscars need to fix the Supporting Actor category |website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-date=October 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021002529/https://www.polygon.com/22399802/oscars-category-controversy |url-status=live}}</ref>
For example, [[Rooney Mara]] was nominated for Best Supporting Actress for ''[[Carol (film)|Carol]]'' (2015), despite her having a comparable amount of screentime to [[Cate Blanchett]], who was nominated for Best Actress. Another example is ''[[Once Upon a Time in Hollywood]]'' (2019), where [[Brad Pitt]] was nominated for and won Best Supporting Actor, even though he played an equally important role to Best Actor nominee [[Leonardo DiCaprio]]. In both these cases, critics argued that the studios behind the films had placed someone who was actually a leading actor or actress into the supporting categories to avoid them competing against their co-lead.<ref name="liveabout_com"/><ref name="polygon_com"/>
=== Symbolism or sentimentalization ===
Acting prizes in certain years have been criticized for not recognizing superior performances so much as being awarded for personal popularity,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://incontention.com/?p=1045 |title=What's the worst Best Actor choice of all time? |access-date=October 4, 2009 |archive-date=January 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20100115115957/http://incontention.com/?p=1045 |url-status=live}}</ref> to make up for a "snub" for a work that proved in time to be more popular or renowned than the one awarded (a 'make-up Oscar'),<ref>{{cite web |last=Bramesco |first=Charles |date=March 13, 2023 |title=A brief history of the 'legacy Oscar' and its winners |url=https://lwlies.com/articles/legacy-oscar-winners-jamie-lee-curtis/ |access-date=March 8, 2025 |website=[[Little White Lies (magazine)|Little White Lies]] |language=en-US}}</ref> or as a "career honor" to recognize a distinguished nominee's entire body of work (a "[[legacy Oscar]]").<ref name="levy">{{cite book |last=Levy |first=Emanuel |title=All About Oscar: The History and Politics of the Academy Awards |publisher=[[Burns & Oates]] |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8264-1452-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Wenzel |first=Zac |date=April 3, 2023 |title=The Problem with Legacy Oscars |url=https://movieweb.com/the-problems-with-legacy-oscars/ |access-date=March 8, 2025 |website=[[MovieWeb]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Recognition of streaming media film ===
Following the [[91st Academy Awards]] in February 2019 in which the [[Netflix]]-broadcast film ''[[Roma (2018 film)|Roma]]'' had been nominated for ten awards including the Best Picture category, Steven Spielberg and other members of the Academy discussed changing the requirements through the Board of Governors for films as to exclude those from Netflix and other media streaming services. Spielberg had been concerned that Netflix as a film production and distribution studio could spend much more than for typical Oscar-winning films and have much wider and earlier distribution than for other Best Picture-nominated films, while still being able to meet the minimal theatrical-run status to qualify for an Oscar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2019/02/steven-spielberg-vs-netflix-oscar-academy-wars-1202047846/ |title=The Spielberg vs. Netflix Battle Could Mean Collateral Damage for Indies at the Oscars |first=Anna |last=Thompson |date=February 28, 2019 |access-date=April 24, 2019 |work=[[IndieWire]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320081430/https://www.indiewire.com/2019/02/steven-spielberg-vs-netflix-oscar-academy-wars-1202047846/ |archive-date=March 20, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
The [[United States Department of Justice]], having heard of this potential rule change, wrote a letter to the Academy in March 2019, cautioning them that placing additional restrictions on films that originate from streaming media services without proper justification could raise anti-trust concerns against the Academy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2019/politics/news/doj-oscar-rules-changes-netflix-1203178413/ |title=Justice Department Warns Academy Over Potential Oscar Rule Changes Threatening Netflix |first=Ted |last=Johnson |date=April 2, 2019 |access-date=April 24, 2019 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423210652/https://variety.com/2019/politics/news/doj-oscar-rules-changes-netflix-1203178413/ |archive-date=April 23, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Following its April 2019 board meeting, the Academy Board of Governors agreed to retain the current rules that allow for streaming media films to be eligible for Oscars as long as they enjoy limited theatrical runs.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/24/entertainment/academy-streaming-oscars/index.html |title=Academy doesn't change streaming eligibility for Oscars |first=Lisa |last=Respers France |date=April 24, 2019 |access-date=April 24, 2019 |publisher=[[CNN]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424125530/https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/24/entertainment/academy-streaming-oscars/index.html |archive-date=April 24, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
=== 2022 Chris Rock and Will Smith slapping incident ===
{{Main|Chris Rock–Will Smith slapping incident}}
During the [[94th Academy Awards]] on March 27, 2022, [[Chris Rock]] joked about [[Jada Pinkett Smith]]'s shaved head<ref name="Alopecia">{{cite web |last=Bellamy |first=Claretta |date=January 7, 2022 |title=How Jada Pinkett Smith is uplifting Black women with alopecia |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/jada-pinkett-smith-uplifting-black-women-alopecia-rcna11273 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328034022/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/jada-pinkett-smith-uplifting-black-women-alopecia-rcna11273 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |publisher=[[NBC News]] |access-date=March 28, 2022}}</ref> with a ''[[G.I. Jane]]'' reference. [[Will Smith]] walked onstage and slapped Rock across the face, then returned to his seat and told Rock, twice, to "Keep my wife's name out [of] your fucking mouth!"<ref>{{cite AV media |title=Watch the uncensored moment Will Smith smacks Chris Rock on stage at the Oscars, drops F-bomb |date=March 28, 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=myjEoDypUD8 |type=News |language=en |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=March 28, 2022 |via=YouTube |archive-date=March 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329004149/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=myjEoDypUD8 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |title=Will Smith slaps Chris Rock at the Oscars after joke at wife Jada Pinkett Smith's expense |publisher=[[KABC-TV|ABC7]] |date=March 28, 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5d7VvQcWscY |type=News |language=en |access-date=March 28, 2022 |via=YouTube |archive-date=March 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329034929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5d7VvQcWscY |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Respers |first1=Lisa France |last2=Elam |first2=Stephanie |date=March 27, 2022 |title=Will Smith appeared to strike Chris Rock on Oscars telecast |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/27/entertainment/will-smith-chris-rock/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328064453/https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/27/entertainment/will-smith-chris-rock/index.html |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> While later accepting the [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] award for ''[[King Richard (film)|King Richard]]'', Smith apologized to the Academy and the other nominees, but not to Rock.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gajewski |first=Ryan |date=March 28, 2022 |title=Will Smith Tearfully Apologizes to Academy After Chris Rock Oscars Slap |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/will-smith-oscar-best-actor-apology-slap-king-richard-1235119288/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328051847/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/will-smith-oscar-best-actor-apology-slap-king-richard-1235119288/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Arkin |first=Daniel |date=March 27, 2022 |title=Will Smith appeared to hit Chris Rock at the Oscars over joke about Jada Pinkett Smith |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/pop-culture-news/will-smith-appears-hit-chris-rock-joke-wife-rcna21775 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |publisher=[[NBC News]] |language=en |archive-date=March 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329075609/https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/pop-culture-news/will-smith-appears-hit-chris-rock-joke-wife-rcna21775 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Whelan |first=Robbie |date=March 27, 2022 |title=Will Smith Takes to Oscar Stage, Appears to Strike Chris Rock After Joke About Jada Pinkett Smith |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/oscars-academy-awards-2022/card/will-smith-takes-to-oscar-stage-appears-to-strike-chris-rock-after-joke-about-jada-pinkett-smith-20Zr7QDygQqZ31fHDlCT |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329075610/https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/oscars-academy-awards-2022/card/will-smith-takes-to-oscar-stage-appears-to-strike-chris-rock-after-joke-about-jada-pinkett-smith-20Zr7QDygQqZ31fHDlCT |url-status=live}}</ref> Rock decided not to press charges against Smith.<ref>{{cite web |last=Yeo |first=Amanda |date=March 28, 2022 |title=Chris Rock won't press charges against Will Smith for that Oscars slap |url=https://mashable.com/article/chris-rock-will-smith-oscars-charges |access-date=March 28, 2022 |publisher=[[Mashable]] |language=en |archive-date=March 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329075610/https://mashable.com/article/chris-rock-will-smith-oscars-charges |url-status=live}}</ref>
On April 8, 2022, the Academy made an announcement via a letter sent by president [[David Rubin (casting director)|David Rubin]] and CEO [[Dawn Hudson]] informing the public that Will Smith had received a ten-year ban from attending the Oscars as a result of the incident.<ref>{{cite web |last=Davis |first=Clayton |date=April 8, 2022 |title=Academy Bans Will Smith from Oscars for 10 Years |url=https://variety.com/2022/awards/news/oscars-will-smith-consequences-chris-rock-1235228010/ |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=April 20, 2022 |archive-date=April 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421212858/https://variety.com/2022/awards/news/oscars-will-smith-consequences-chris-rock-1235228010/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Refusals of the award ===
Some winners critical of the Academy Awards have boycotted the ceremonies and refused to accept their Oscars. The first to do so was screenwriter [[Dudley Nichols]] (Best Writing in 1935 for ''[[The Informer (1935 film)|The Informer]]''). Nichols boycotted the [[8th Academy Awards]] ceremony because of conflicts between the Academy and the Writers' Guild.<ref name="DYK">{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/oscars/oscars_didyouknow.jsp |title=The Oscars Did You Know? |access-date=June 18, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090623000022/http://www.biography.com/oscars/oscars_didyouknow.jsp |archive-date=June 23, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nichols eventually accepted the 1935 award three years later, at the 1938 ceremony. Nichols was nominated for three further Academy Awards during his career.
[[George C. Scott]] became the second person to refuse his award (Best Actor in 1970 for ''[[Patton (film)|Patton]]'') at the [[43rd Academy Awards]] ceremony. Scott described it as a "meat parade", saying, "I don't want any part of it".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/obituaries/455563.stm |work=BBC News |title=George C Scott: The man who refused an Oscar |date=September 23, 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311095900/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/obituaries/455563.stm |archive-date=March 11, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,904789,00.html |magazine=Time |title=Show Business: Meat Parade |date=March 8, 1971 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221203341/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C904789%2C00.html |archive-date=December 21, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/oscars/oscars_didyouknow.jsp |title=Fast Facts – Did You Know? |publisher=Biography.com |date=May 16, 1929 |access-date=February 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210075430/http://www.biography.com/oscars/oscars_didyouknow.jsp |archive-date=February 10, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
The third person to refuse the award was [[Marlon Brando]], who refused his award (Best Actor for 1972's ''[[The Godfather]]''), citing the film industry's discrimination against and mistreatment of [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]]. At the [[45th Academy Awards]] ceremony, Brando asked actress and [[civil rights activist]] [[Sacheen Littlefeather]] to read a 15-page speech in his place, detailing his criticisms, for which there was [[booing]] and [[cheering]] by the audience.<ref name="DYK"/><ref>{{cite web |last=Oscars |title=Marlon Brando's Oscar win for " The Godfather" |date=October 2, 2008 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QUacU0I4yU |access-date=February 25, 2019 |via=YouTube |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217152537/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QUacU0I4yU |archive-date=February 17, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2022, Littlefeather was accused by her sisters of misrepresenting her ancestry as Native American.<ref name=":1">{{cite magazine |last=Kreps |first=Daniel |date=October 22, 2022 |title=Sacheen Littlefeather Lied About Native American Ancestry, Sisters Claim |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-news/sacheen-littlefeather-native-american-ancestry-1234616464/ |access-date=March 12, 2023 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US |archive-date=October 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023002533/https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-news/sacheen-littlefeather-native-american-ancestry-1234616464/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=October 22, 2022 |title=Sacheen Littlefeather's sisters say her Native identity was fraudulent |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/openforum/article/Sacheen-Littlefeather-oscar-Native-pretendian-17520648.php |access-date=March 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022111100/https://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/openforum/article/Sacheen-Littlefeather-oscar-Native-pretendian-17520648.php |archive-date=October 22, 2022 |last1=Keeler |first1=Jacqueline}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Travis |first1=Emlyn |date=October 22, 2022 |title=Sacheen Littlefeather, Native American activist who protested the Oscars, was a 'fraud,' sisters say |url=https://ew.com/movies/sacheen-littlefeather-native-american-oscars-protester-fraud-sisters-say/ |access-date=March 12, 2023 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |language=en |archive-date=January 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114223534/https://ew.com/movies/sacheen-littlefeather-native-american-oscars-protester-fraud-sisters-say/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sacheen Littlefather's sisters say she was not Native American. The actress had disputed similar claims before. |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sacheen-littlefather-not-native-american-sisters-say-marlon-brando-oscar-speech-actress/ |first1=Caitlin |last1=O'Kane |access-date=March 12, 2023 |website=CBS News |date=October 24, 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025195840/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sacheen-littlefather-not-native-american-sisters-say-marlon-brando-oscar-speech-actress/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gilio-Whitaker |first=Dina |date=October 28, 2022 |title=Sacheen Littlefeather and ethnic fraud – why the truth is crucial, even it it[sic] means losing an American Indian hero |url=https://theconversation.com/sacheen-littlefeather-and-ethnic-fraud-why-the-truth-is-crucial-even-it-it-means-losing-an-american-indian-hero-193263 |url-status=live |access-date=March 12, 2023 |website=The Conversation |archive-date=March 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312093928/http://theconversation.com/sacheen-littlefeather-and-ethnic-fraud-why-the-truth-is-crucial-even-it-it-means-losing-an-american-indian-hero-193263}}</ref>
=== Disqualifications ===
Seven films have had nominations revoked before the official award ceremony:<ref>{{cite news |url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/73722/8-oscar-nominations-were-revoked |title=9 Oscar Nominations That Were Revoked |last=Obias |first=Rudie |publisher=Mental Floss |date=February 23, 2019 |access-date=October 14, 2019 |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212356/https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/73722/8-oscar-nominations-were-revoked |url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[The Circus (1928 film)|The Circus]]'' (1928) – The film was voluntarily removed by the Academy from competitive categories, to award [[Charlie Chaplin]] a special award.
* ''[[Hondo (film)|Hondo]]'' (1953) – Removed from the Best Story ballot after letters from the producer and nominee questioned its inclusion in the category.
* ''[[High Society (1955 film)|High Society]]'' (1955) – Withdrawn from screenwriting ballot after being mistaken for the [[High Society (1956 film)|1956 film]] of the same title.
* ''[[The Godfather]]'' (1972) – Initially nominated for eleven awards, its nomination for Best Original Score was revoked after it was discovered that its main theme was very similar to music that [[Nino Rota|the score's composer]] had written for an earlier film. None of its other nominations were revoked, and it received three Oscars, including Best Picture.
* ''[[A Place in the World (film)|A Place in the World]]'' (1992) – Removed from the Best Foreign Language Film ballot after it was discovered that the country which submitted the film exercised insufficient artistic control.
* ''[[Alone Yet Not Alone]]'' (2014) – The film's title song, "Alone Yet Not Alone", was removed from the Best Original Song ballot after [[Bruce Broughton]] was found to have improperly contacted other members of the Academy's musical branch; this was the first time that a film was removed from a ballot for ethical reasons.
* ''[[13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi]]'' (2017) – Sound mixer [[Greg P. Russell]]'s nomination was rescinded one day before the Awards when it was discovered he had improperly contacted voters by telephone. In this case, the nominations for the other three nominated sound mixers, [[Gary Summers]], [[Jeffrey J. Haboush]] and [[Mac Ruth]], were allowed to stand.
One film was disqualified after winning the award, and had the winner return the Oscar:
* ''[[Young Americans (1967 film)|Young Americans]]'' (1969) – Initially won the award for Best Documentary Feature, but was later revoked after it was revealed that it had opened theatrically prior to the eligibility period.
One film had its nomination revoked after the award ceremony when it had not won the Oscar:
* ''[[Tuba Atlantic]]'' (2011) – Its nomination for Best Live Action Short Film was revoked when it was discovered that the film had aired on television in 2010, before its theatrical release.
=== Remarks about animated films as children's genre ===
At the [[94th Academy Awards]] in 2022, the award for the Best Animated Feature was presented by three actresses who portrayed Disney princess characters in [[List of Disney live-action remakes and adaptations of Disney animated films|live-action remakes]] of their respective animated films: [[Lily James]] (''[[Cinderella (2015 American film)|Cinderella]]''), [[Naomi Scott]] (''[[Aladdin (2019 film)|Aladdin]]''), and [[Halle Bailey]] (''[[The Little Mermaid (2023 film)|The Little Mermaid]]''{{--)}}. While introducing the category, Bailey stated that animated films are "formative experiences as kids who watch them," as James put it, "So many kids watch these movies over and over, over and over again." Scott added: "I see some parents who know exactly what we're talking about."<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Rmiq2PPQDg|title='Encanto' Wins Best Animated Feature Film | 94th Oscars|date=April 28, 2022|publisher=Oscars|type=Award show|via=YouTube |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509140640/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Rmiq2PPQDg |archive-date=May 9, 2023}}</ref> The remarks were heavily criticized by [[animation]] enthusiasts and those working in the industry as infantilizing the medium and perpetuating the stigma that animated works are [[Children's film|strictly for children]], especially since the industry was credited with sustaining the flow of [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] content and revenue during the height of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. [[Phil Lord and Christopher Miller|Phil Lord]], co-producer of one of the nominated films, ''[[The Mitchells vs. the Machines]]'', tweeted that it was "super cool to position animation as something that kids watch and adults have to endure." The film's official social media accounts responded to the joke with an image reading: "Animation is cinema."<ref>{{cite web |last=Fuster |first=Jeremy |date=March 27, 2022 |title=Phil Lord and Hollywood's Animators Slam Oscars for 'Belittling' Animation Categories |url=https://www.thewrap.com/oscars-new-deal-for-animation/ |access-date=March 29, 2022 |work=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |number=1508481868479361026 |user=MitchellsMovie |title=*taps sign*}}</ref> A week later, Lord and his producing partner [[Phil Lord and Christopher Miller|Christopher Miller]] wrote a guest column in ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' criticizing the Academy for the joke and how Hollywood has treated animation, writing that "no one set out to diminish animated films, but it's high time we set out to elevate them." They also suggested to the Academy that the category should be presented by a filmmaker who respects the art of animation as cinema.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lord |first1=Phil |last2=Miller |first2=Chris |date=April 6, 2022 |title=Phil Lord and Chris Miller: Hollywood Should Elevate, Not Diminish Animation (Guest Column) |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/phil-lord-christopher-miller-animation-oscars-1235225442/ |access-date=April 6, 2022 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref>
Adding to the controversy was that the award for [[Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film|Best Animated Short Film]] (the nominees for which were mostly made up of shorts not aimed at children) was one of the [[94th Academy Awards#Effort to shorten the ceremony|eight categories]] that were not presented during the live broadcast.<ref name="Cartoon Brew">{{cite web |last=Amidi |first=Amid |author-link=Amid Amidi |date=March 27, 2022 |title=During the Biggest Oscar Trainwreck in History, 'Encanto' and 'The Windshield Wiper' Won Oscars (Commentary) |url=https://www.cartoonbrew.com/ideas-commentary/during-the-biggest-oscar-trainwreck-in-history-encanto-and-the-windshield-wiper-won-oscars-commentary-214531.html |access-date=March 29, 2022 |publisher=[[Cartoon Brew]]}}</ref> The winner for the Best Animated Short award was ''[[The Windshield Wiper]]'', a multilingual Spanish-American film which is [[Adult animation|adult animated]], while another nominee in three categories: Best Animated Feature, [[Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film|Best Documentary Feature Film]], and [[Academy Award for Best International Feature Film|Best International Feature Film]], was ''[[Flee (film)|Flee]]'', a PG-13 rated animated documentary about an Afghan refugee. [[Alberto Mielgo]], director of ''The Windshield Wiper'', later gave an acceptance speech for the Oscar: "Animation is an art that includes every single art that you can imagine. Animation for adults is a fact. It's happening. Let's call it cinema. I'm very honored because this is just the beginning of what we can do with animation."<ref name="Cartoon Brew"/> Some speculations suggested that the speech played a role in the decision not to broadcast the award.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2022 |title=Wake Up, Oscars: Animation isn't just for kids |url=https://mashable.com/article/animation-oscars-2022-joke-phil-lord |website=Mashable |language=en-US}}</ref>
Another factor is that numerous animated films have been made for mature audiences or with ranges of PG-13 or more, with a few of them—''[[The Triplets of Belleville]]'', ''[[Persepolis (film)|Persepolis]]'', ''[[Chico and Rita]]'', ''[[The Wind Rises]]'', ''[[Anomalisa]]'', ''[[My Life as a Courgette]]'', ''[[The Breadwinner (film)|The Breadwinner]]'', ''[[Loving Vincent]]'', ''[[Isle of Dogs (film)|Isle of Dogs]]'', ''[[I Lost My Body]]'', ''[[Flee (film)|Flee]]'', and ''[[Memoir of a Snail]]''—having been nominated in this category, with ''[[The Boy and the Heron]]'' being the first adult animated film (in this case, PG-13-rated) to win in the [[96th Academy Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edwards |first=Belen |date=March 28, 2022 |title=Wake Up, Oscars: Animation isn't just for kids |url=https://mashable.com/article/animation-oscars-2022-joke-phil-lord |access-date=April 18, 2022 |website=Mashable |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Amini |first=Amid |author-link=Amid Amidi |date=March 10, 2024 |title='Boy and the Heron' is the First Hand-Drawn Animated Feature to Win Oscar in 21 Years |url=https://www.cartoonbrew.com/awards/boy-and-the-heron-is-the-first-hand-drawn-animated-feature-to-win-oscar-in-21-years-238916.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Cartoon Brew}}</ref>
These comments came as ''#NewDeal4Animation'', a movement of animation workers demanding equal pay, treatment and recognition alongside their contemporaries working in live-action, was picking up momentum during negotiations for a new contract between [[The Animation Guild, IATSE Local 839]]/[[SAG-AFTRA]] and the [[Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Robb |first=David |date=March 29, 2022 |title=Contract Talks Coming Down to the Wire for SAG-AFTRA & the Animation Guild |url=https://deadline.com/2022/03/contract-talks-sag-aftra-animation-guild-1234990317/ |access-date=March 30, 2022 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> and the presentation is being used to rally the movement.
During the 96th Academy Awards in 2024, host [[Jimmy Kimmel]] said: "Please raise your hand if you let your kid fill out this part of the ballot." These remarks would again prompt backlash, with [[Phil Lord and Christopher Miller|Christopher Miller]], producer of that year's nominated ''[[Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse]]'', tweeting out that the joke was "tired and lazy".<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2024 |title=Christopher Miller on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/chrizmillr/status/1767061360142331933 |publisher=[[Twitter]]}}</ref> The PG-13-rated ''The Boy and the Heron'' would subsequently win the award.
== Associated events ==
The following events are closely associated with the annual Academy Awards:
* [[Governors Awards]], which includes the presentation of the [[Academy Honorary Award]], the [[Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award]], and the [[Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award]]<ref name="Governors Awards">{{Cite web|url=https://www.oscars.org/governors|title=Governors Awards|website=[[Oscars.org]] | [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]}}</ref>
* The [[25th Independent Spirit Awards]] (2010), usually held in [[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]], California the Saturday before the Oscars, marked the first time it was moved to a Friday and a change of venue to [[L.A. Live]]
* The annual "Night Before", traditionally held at [[the Beverly Hills Hotel]], begun in 2002 and generally known as ''the ''party of the season, benefits the [[Motion Picture & Television Fund]], which operates a retirement home for SAG actors in the [[San Fernando Valley]]
* [[Elton John AIDS Foundation Academy Award Party]] airs the awards live at the nearby [[Pacific Design Center]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pener|first=Degen|date=February 23, 2017|title=Elton John's Oscar Party Turns 25: Spielberg, Hanks, and an Oral History of the AIDS Benefit Where Heidi Klum Dances on Tables|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/elton-johns-oscar-party-turns-25-spielberg-hanks-an-oral-history-aids-benefit-heidi-klum-da-977094/|access-date=September 28, 2021|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
* The Governors Ball is the Academy's official after-party, including dinner (until 2011), and is adjacent to the awards-presentation venue<ref>[https://www.msn.com/en-us/movies/other/inside-the-governors-ball-with-oscar-winners-and-nominees/ar-BB1jI6Df ''Los Angeles Times'' article, 2024]</ref>
* The ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' after-party, historically at the former Morton's restaurant, has been at the [[Sunset Tower]] since 2009<ref name="hollywoodreporter.com">Gary Baum (November 13, 2013), "[https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/vanity-fair-oscar-party-exits-655904 Vanity Fair Oscar Party Exits Sunset Tower; Will It Land in Parking Lot? (Exclusive)]", ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219133703/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/vanity-fair-oscar-party-exits-655904 |date=February 19, 2014}}.</ref>
== Presenter and performer gifts ==
It has become a tradition to give out gift bags to the presenters and performers at the Oscars. In recent years, these gifts have been extended to award nominees and winners.<ref name="ABCGiftBag">{{cite web |last=Valenti |first=Catherine |title=No Oscar? How About a Gift Bag? |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/story?id=86683 |work=ABC News |access-date=March 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425162335/http://abcnews.go.com/Business/story?id=86683 |archive-date=April 25, 2014}}</ref> The value of each of these gift bags can reach into the tens of thousands of dollars. In 2014, the value was reported to be as high as {{USD|80,000|long=no}}.<ref name="CBSGiftBag">{{cite news |last=Peterson |first=Kim |title=Oscars' gift bag has $80,000 worth of swag |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/oscars-gift-bag-has-80000-worth-of-swag/ |publisher=CBS News |access-date=March 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305230143/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/oscars-gift-bag-has-80000-worth-of-swag/ |archive-date=March 5, 2014}}</ref> The value has risen to the point where the U.S. [[Internal Revenue Service]] issued a statement regarding the gifts and their taxable status.<ref name="IRSGiftBag">{{cite web |last=Staff |title=IRS Statement on Oscar Goodie Bags |url=https://www.irs.gov/uac/IRS-Statement-on-Oscar-Goodie-Bags |publisher=IRS.gov |access-date=March 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311093138/https://www.irs.gov/uac/IRS-Statement-on-Oscar-Goodie-Bags |archive-date=March 11, 2014}}</ref>
Oscar gift bags have included vacation packages to Hawaii and Mexico and Japan, a private dinner party for the recipient and friends at a restaurant, [[Videotelephony|videophones]], a four-night stay at a hotel, watches, bracelets, spa treatments, bottles of vodka, maple salad dressing, weight-loss gummie candy and up to {{USD|25,000|long=no}} worth of cosmetic treatments and rejuvenation procedures such as lip fillers and chemical peels from New York City facial plastic surgeon Konstantin Vasyukevich.<ref name="ABCGiftBag"/><ref name="ABCGiftBag2">{{cite web |last=Valiente |first=Alexa |title=What Surprising Freebies Are Inside the 2014 Oscar Nominees' Gift Bags |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/surprising-freebies-inside-2014-oscar-nominees-gift-bags/story?id=22518285 |work=ABC News |access-date=March 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311095026/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/surprising-freebies-inside-2014-oscar-nominees-gift-bags/story?id=22518285 |archive-date=March 11, 2014}}</ref><ref name="VarietyGiftBag">{{cite magazine |last=Bacardi |first=Francesca |title=Oscar 'Losers' Become Winners with Distinctive Assets Gift Bags |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/oscar-losers-become-winners-with-distinctive-assets-gift-bags-1201100762/ |magazine=Variety |access-date=March 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311095625/http://variety.com/2014/film/news/oscar-losers-become-winners-with-distinctive-assets-gift-bags-1201100762/ |archive-date=March 11, 2014}}</ref><ref name="ForbesGiftBag2020">{{cite magazine |last=Cuccinello |first=Hayley |title=Inside The $225,000 Oscars 2020 Gift Bag: From An Antarctic Cruise To A Gold Vape Pen To A Smart Bra |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hayleycuccinello/2020/02/01/215000-oscars-2020-gift-bag/#7f6af406be7d/ |magazine=Forbes |access-date=February 1, 2020 |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212337/https://www.forbes.com/sites/hayleycuccinello/2020/02/01/215000-oscars-2020-gift-bag/#7f6af406be7d/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="YahooGiftBag2020">{{cite magazine |last=Stabile |first=Angelica |title=The $225,000 Oscars 2020 gift bag: Here's what's inside |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/225-000-oscars-gift-bag-160122306.html |magazine=Yahoo |access-date=February 9, 2020 |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116212353/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/225-000-oscars-gift-bag-160122306.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Some of the gifts have even had a "risque" element to them; in 2014, the adult products retailer [[Adam & Eve (company)|Adam & Eve]] had a "Secret Room Gifting Suite". Celebrities visiting the gifting suite included [[Judith Hoag]], [[Carolyn Hennesy]], [[Kate Linder]], [[Chris Mulkey]], [[Jim O'Heir]] and [[John Salley]].<ref name="AandEOscarGifts">{{cite magazine |last=Staff |title=Adam & Eve Had Secret Room Gifting Suite for Oscars' Celebs |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/novelty/Adam-Eve-Had-Secret-Room-Gifting-Suite-for-Oscars-Celebs-551833.html |magazine=Adult Video News |access-date=March 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311092632/http://business.avn.com/articles/novelty/Adam-Eve-Had-Secret-Room-Gifting-Suite-for-Oscars-Celebs-551833.html |archive-date=March 11, 2014}}</ref>
== Television ratings and advertisement prices ==
From 2006 onwards, results are Live+SD; all previous years are live viewing.<ref name="tvbythenumbers"/>
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="margin:auto; margin:auto"
|-
! Year
! Viewers,<br>millions<ref name="tvbythenumbers">{{cite web |url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/02/24/with-no-blockbusters-up-for-best-picture-expect-academy-awards-viewership-to-fall-ratings-history-your-guess-for-this-year-poll/120239/ |title=With No Blockbusters Up For Best Picture, Expect 'Academy Awards' Viewership To Fall; Ratings History + Your Guess For This Year (Poll) |work=TV by the Numbers |first=Sara |last=Bibel |date=February 24, 2012 |access-date=March 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210015818/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/02/24/with-no-blockbusters-up-for-best-picture-expect-academy-awards-viewership-to-fall-ratings-history-your-guess-for-this-year-poll/120239/ |archive-date=December 10, 2013}}</ref>
! Ad price,<ref name="tvbythenumbers"/><ref name="kantarmedia">{{cite web |url=http://kantarmediana.com/intelligence/press/advertising-vitality-of-the-academy-awards |title=Kantar Media Reports on the Advertising Vitality of the Academy Awards – Historical Advertising Data Showcases Ad Pricing Trends and Top Marketers; Super Bowl Overlap Increases as Sales Rise |work=[[Kantar Group#Kantar Media|Kantar Media]] |date=February 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420031629/http://kantarmediana.com/intelligence/press/advertising-vitality-of-the-academy-awards |archive-date=April 20, 2013 |access-date=February 20, 2017}}</ref><br>USD, millions
! Adjusted price,<br>USD, millions
! Network
|-
| [[97th Academy Awards|2025]]
| 19.69<ref name="Ratings2025">{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/oscars-tv-ratings-sunday-march-2-2025-1236153253/ |title=TV Ratings: Updated Oscars Numbers Show Five-Year Highs |last=Porter |first=Rick |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=March 4, 2025 |access-date=March 4, 2025 |archive-date=March 4, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304232043/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/oscars-tv-ratings-sunday-march-2-2025-1236153253/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
| 1.7-2.3<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hayes |first=Dade |date=2025-02-28 |title=Oscars Ad Inventory Sold Out, Disney Says, With Pricing In Line With 2024 |url=https://deadline.com/2025/02/oscars-advertising-sold-out-disney-abc-hulu-1236305099/ |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
| Not available
| rowspan="50"| [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]
|-
| [[96th Academy Awards|2024]]
| 19.49<ref name="Ratings2025"/>
| 1.7-2.2<ref>{{Cite web |last=Steinberg |first=Brian |date=2024-02-22 |title=Disney Seeks Up to $2.2 Million for Oscars Ads in Soft Market for Awards Shows (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/disney-seeks-1-7-million-to-2-2-million-oscars-ads-soft-market-awards-shows-1235919566/ |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref>
| Not available
|-
| [[95th Academy Awards|2023]]
| 18.7<ref name="Yahoo Ratings 2023">{{cite web |title=Oscar Viewership Up 12% To 18.7 Million |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/oscar-viewership-12-18-7-214631973.html |access-date=March 13, 2023 |website=Yahoo Entertainment |date=March 13, 2023 |language=en-US |archive-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313224501/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/oscar-viewership-12-18-7-214631973.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
| 2.1<ref name="Variety ad price 2023">{{cite web |last=Steinberg |first=Brian |date=March 10, 2023 |title=Disney Softens Prices for Oscars Commercials |url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-oscars-commercials-lower-prices-1235549626/ |access-date=March 13, 2023 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313224501/https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/disney-oscars-commercials-lower-prices-1235549626/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
| Not available
|-
| [[94th Academy Awards|2022]]
| 16.6<ref name="CNN Ratings 2022">{{cite web |author=Frank Pallotta |title=Oscar ratings surge after historic lows last year |date=March 28, 2022 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/28/media/oscars-ratings/index.html |access-date=March 28, 2022 |publisher=CNN |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328233902/https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/28/media/oscars-ratings/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
| 1.71<ref name="Adweek ad price 2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disney-sells-out-oscars-ad-inventory/|title=Disney Sells Out Oscars Ad Inventory Despite Ratings Plummet|work=AdWeek|date=March 23, 2022|first=Jason|last=Lynch|url-access=subscription|access-date=March 29, 2022|archive-date=March 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330002332/https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/disney-sells-out-oscars-ad-inventory/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Not available
|-
| [[93rd Academy Awards|2021]]
| 10.4<ref>{{Cite web |last=Porter |first=Rick |date=2021-04-28 |title=Oscars' TV Ratings Low Caps Award Shows' Down Year |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/oscars-2021-ratings-low-award-shows-4174528/ |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Maglio |first=Jennifer Maas and Tony |date=2021-04-27 |title=Were Oscar Ratings Worse Than Other Major COVID-Era Awards Shows? {{!}} Chart |url=https://www.thewrap.com/coronavirus-awards-show-season-ratings-2021-oscars-globes-grammys-emmys/ |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=TheWrap |language=en-US}}</ref>
| 2<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=Megan |date=2021-04-22 |title=Oscars sells out ad inventory despite awards show ratings declines |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/22/oscars-sells-out-ad-inventory-despite-awards-show-ratings-declines.html |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>
| Not available
|-
| [[92nd Academy Awards|2020]]
| 23.6<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowry |first=Brian |date=2024-03-11 |title=Oscar ratings continue to rebound with the biggest audience since 2020 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/03/11/entertainment/oscar-ratings-abc/index.html |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>
| 2.2<ref name=":4"/>
| Not available
|-
| [[91st Academy Awards|2019]]
| 29.6<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Otterson |first=Joe |date=2019-02-25 |title=Oscars 2019 Ratings Rise From Last Year to 29.6 Million Viewers |url=https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/oscars-ratings-2019-1203144417/ |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref>
| 2-3<ref>{{Cite web |last=Steinberg |first=Brian |date=2018-12-11 |title=ABC Seeks $2 Million to $3 Million for Oscars Ads (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/oscars-advertising-abc-commercials-kevin-hart-1203086442/ |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref>
| Not available
|-
| [[90th Academy Awards|2018]]
| 26.5<ref name=":5"/>
| 2-2.6<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Steinberg |first=Brian |date=2017-10-30 |title=ABC Seeks as Much as $2.6 Million for 2018 Oscars Ads (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/oscars-commercials-abc-tv-advertising-1202602117/ |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref>
| Not available
|-
| [[89th Academy Awards|2017]]
| 32.9<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=O'Connell |first=Mikey |date=2017-02-27 |title=TV Ratings: Oscars Drop to 32.9M Viewers, Telecast Takes a Bigger Hit With Younger Set |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/tv-ratings-oscars-drop-again-early-numbers-980854/ |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref>
| 2.1<ref name=":6"/>
| Not available
|-
| [[88th Academy Awards|2016]]
| 34.4<ref name=":7"/>
| 2<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-26 |title=Amid |author-link=Amid Amidi diversity furor, Oscar sponsors are anxiously waiting to see audiences' response |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-ct-oscar-ads-20160226-story.html |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
| Not available
|-
| [[87th Academy Awards|2015]]
| 37.260<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2015/02/24/sunday-final-ratings-oscars-adjusted-up/366838/ |title=Sunday Final Ratings: Oscars Adjusted Up |work=TVbytheNumbers |access-date=October 27, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022064452/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2015/02/24/sunday-final-ratings-oscars-adjusted-up/366838/ |archive-date=October 22, 2015}}</ref>
| 1.95<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2015/02/20/the-oscars-beat-the-super-bowl-in-advertising-premium/ |title=The Oscars Beat The Super Bowl in Advertising Premium |first=Mike |last=Ozanian |work=Forbes |access-date=October 27, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151014033148/http://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2015/02/20/the-oscars-beat-the-super-bowl-in-advertising-premium/ |archive-date=October 14, 2015}}</ref>
| {{Inflation|USD|1.95|2015|r=2}}
|-
| [[86th Academy Awards|2014]]
| 43.740<ref>{{cite news |first=Rick |last=Kissell |title=Oscars on ABC Draw Largest Audience in 10 Years |url=https://variety.com/2014/tv/ratings/early-ratings-oscars-look-to-be-up-slightly-from-last-year-1201124513/ |work=Variety |date=March 3, 2014 |access-date=March 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308205925/http://variety.com/2014/tv/ratings/early-ratings-oscars-look-to-be-up-slightly-from-last-year-1201124513/ |archive-date=March 8, 2014}}</ref>
| 1.8 – 1.9<ref name="adprices">{{cite news |first=Brian |last=Steinberg |title=Oscar Ad Prices Hit All-Time High as ABC Sells Out 2014 Telecast (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2013/tv/news/oscar-ad-prices-hit-all-time-high-as-abc-sells-out-2014-telecast-exclusive-1200778642/ |work=Variety |date=March 3, 2014 |access-date=March 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407201755/http://variety.com/2013/tv/news/oscar-ad-prices-hit-all-time-high-as-abc-sells-out-2014-telecast-exclusive-1200778642/ |archive-date=April 7, 2014}}</ref>
| {{Inflation|USD|1.8|2014|r=2}} – {{Inflation|USD|1.9|2014|r=2}}
|-
| [[85th Academy Awards|2013]]
| 40.376<ref name="nielsen">{{cite web |url=http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/newswire/2013/tops-of-2013-tv-and-social-media.html |title=Tops of 2013: TV and Social Media |work=TV by the Numbers |first=Sara |last=Bibel |date=December 12, 2013 |access-date=March 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425182227/http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/newswire/2013/tops-of-2013-tv-and-social-media.html |archive-date=April 25, 2014}}</ref>
| 1.65 – 1.8<ref name="adprices"/>
| {{Inflation|USD|1.65|2013|r=2}} – {{Inflation|USD|1.8|2013|r=2}}
|-
| [[84th Academy Awards|2012]]
| 39.460<ref name="var1">{{cite news |url=https://variety.com/2012/tv/news/crystal-social-media-fuel-oscar-ratings-1118050758/ |title=Crystal, social media fuel Oscar ratings |last=Kissell |first=Rick |date=February 27, 2012 |access-date=April 26, 2012 |work=Variety |publisher=PMC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926040411/http://variety.com/2012/tv/news/crystal-social-media-fuel-oscar-ratings-1118050758/|archive-date=September 26, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| 1.610
| {{Inflation|USD|1.61|2012|r=2}}
|-
| [[83rd Academy Awards|2011]]
| 37.919
| 1.3684
| {{Inflation|USD|1.3684|2011|r=2}}
|-
| [[82nd Academy Awards|2010]]
| 41.699
| 1.1267
| {{Inflation|USD|1.1267|2010|r=2}}
|-
| [[81st Academy Awards|2009]]
| 36.310
| 1.3<ref name="adprices"/>
| {{Inflation|USD|1.3|2009|r=2}}
|-
| [[80th Academy Awards|2008]]
| 32.006
| 1.82<ref name="adprices"/>
| {{Inflation|USD|1.82|2008|r=2}}
|-
| [[79th Academy Awards|2007]]
| 40.172
| 1.6658
| {{Inflation|USD|1.6658|2007|r=2}}
|-
| [[78th Academy Awards|2006]]
| 38.939
| 1.6468
| {{Inflation|USD|1.6468|2006|r=2}}
|-
| [[77th Academy Awards|2005]]
| 42.139
| 1.503
| {{Inflation|USD|1.503|2005|r=2}}
|-
| [[76th Academy Awards|2004]]
| 43.531
| 1.5031
| {{Inflation|USD|1.5031|2004|r=2}}
|-
| [[75th Academy Awards|2003]]
| 33.043
| 1.3458
| {{Inflation|USD|1.3458|2003|r=2}}
|-
| [[74th Academy Awards|2002]]
| 41.782
| 1.29
| {{Inflation|USD|1.29|2002|r=2}}
|-
| [[73rd Academy Awards|2001]]
| 42.944
| 1.45
| {{Inflation|USD|1.45|2001|r=2}}
|-
| [[72nd Academy Awards|2000]]
| 46.333
| 1.305
| {{Inflation|USD|1.305|2000|r=2}}
|-
| [[71st Academy Awards|1999]]
| 45.615
| 1
| {{Inflation|USD|1|1999|r=2}}
|-
| [[70th Academy Awards|1998]]
| {{green}}|57.249
| 0.95
| {{Inflation|USD|0.95|1998|r=2}}
|-
| [[69th Academy Awards|1997]]
| 40.075
| 0.85
| {{Inflation|USD|0.85|1997|r=2}}
|-
| [[68th Academy Awards|1996]]
| 44.867
| 0.795
| {{Inflation|USD|0.795|1996|r=2}}
|-
| [[67th Academy Awards|1995]]
| 48.279
| 0.7
| {{Inflation|USD|0.7|1995|r=2}}
|-
| [[66th Academy Awards|1994]]
| 45.083
| 0.6435
| {{Inflation|USD|0.6435|1994|r=2}}
|-
| [[65th Academy Awards|1993]]
| 45.735
| 0.6078
| {{Inflation|USD|0.6078|1993|r=2}}
|-
| [[64th Academy Awards|1992]]
| 44.406
| Not available
| Not available
|-
| [[63rd Academy Awards|1991]]
| 42.727
| Not available
| Not available
|-
| [[62nd Academy Awards|1990]]
| 40.375
| 0.45
| {{Inflation|USD|0.45|1990|r=2}}
|-
| [[61st Academy Awards|1989]]
| 42.619
| 0.375
| {{Inflation|USD|0.375|1989|r=2}}
|-
| [[60th Academy Awards|1988]]
| 42.227
| 0.36
| {{Inflation|USD|0.36|1988|r=2}}
|-
| [[59th Academy Awards|1987]]
| 37.190
| 0.335
| {{Inflation|USD|0.335|1987|r=2}}
|-
| [[58th Academy Awards|1986]]
| 37.757
| 0.32
| {{Inflation|USD|0.32|1986|r=2}}
|-
| [[57th Academy Awards|1985]]
| 38.855
| 0.315
| {{Inflation|USD|0.315|1985|r=2}}
|-
| [[56th Academy Awards|1984]]
| 42.051
| 0.275
| {{Inflation|USD|0.275|1984|r=2}}
|-
| [[55th Academy Awards|1983]]
| 53.235
| 0.245
| {{Inflation|USD|0.245|1983|r=2}}
|-
| [[54th Academy Awards|1982]]
| 46.245
| Not available
| Not available
|-
| [[53rd Academy Awards|1981]]
| 39.919
| Not available
| Not available
|-
| [[52nd Academy Awards|1980]]
| 48.978
| Not available
| Not available
|-
| [[51st Academy Awards|1979]]
| 46.301
| Not available
| Not available
|-
| [[50th Academy Awards|1978]]
| 48.501
| Not available
| Not available
|-
| [[49th Academy Awards|1977]]
| 39.719
| Not available
| Not available
|-
| [[48th Academy Awards|1976]]
| 46.751
| Not available
| Not available
|-
| [[47th Academy Awards|1975]]
| 48.127
| Not available
| Not available
| rowspan="2"| [[NBC]]
|-
| [[46th Academy Awards|1974]]
| 44.712
| Not available
| Not available
|}
== Notable highest wins and nominees ==
{{Main|List of Academy Award records}}
=== By films ===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-1-of-2}}
The following nominees received at least 10 nominations:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" width="58"| Nominations
! scope="col" align="center"| Title
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center"| 14
| ''[[All About Eve]]''
|-
| ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]''
|-
| ''[[La La Land]]''
|-
| rowspan="12" style="text-align:center"| 13
| ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]''
|-
| ''[[From Here to Eternity]]''
|-
| ''[[Mary Poppins (film)|Mary Poppins]]''
|-
| ''[[Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (film)|Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?]]''
|-
| ''[[Forrest Gump]]''
|-
| ''[[Shakespeare in Love]]''
|-
| ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''
|-
| ''[[Chicago (2002 film)|Chicago]]''
|-
| ''[[The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)|The Curious Case of Benjamin Button]]''
|-
| ''[[The Shape of Water]]''
|-
| ''[[Oppenheimer (film)|Oppenheimer]]''
|-
| ''[[Emilia Pérez]]''
|-
| rowspan="18" style="text-align:center"| 12
| ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]]''
|-
| ''[[Mrs. Miniver]]''
|-
| ''[[The Song of Bernadette (film)|The Song of Bernadette]]''
|-
| ''[[Johnny Belinda (1948 film)|Johnny Belinda]]''
|-
| ''[[A Streetcar Named Desire (1951 film)|A Streetcar Named Desire]]''
|-
| ''[[On the Waterfront]]''
|-
| ''[[My Fair Lady (film)|My Fair Lady]]''
|-
| ''[[Becket (1964 film)|Becket]]''
|-
| ''[[Oliver! (film)|Oliver!]]''
|-
| ''[[Reds (film)|Reds]]''
|-
| ''[[Dances With Wolves]]''
|-
| ''[[Schindler's List]]''
|-
| ''[[The English Patient (film)|The English Patient]]''
|-
| ''[[Gladiator (2000 film)|Gladiator]]''
|-
| ''[[The King's Speech]]''
|-
| ''[[Lincoln (film)|Lincoln]]''
|-
| ''[[The Revenant (2015 film)|The Revenant]]''
|-
| ''[[The Power of the Dog (film)|The Power of the Dog]]''
|-
| rowspan="25" style="text-align:center"| 11
| ''[[Mr. Smith Goes to Washington]]''
|-
| ''[[Rebecca (1940 film)|Rebecca]]''
|-
| ''[[Sergeant York (film)|Sergeant York]]''
|-
| ''[[The Pride of the Yankees]]''
|-
| ''[[Sunset Boulevard (film)|Sunset Boulevard]]''
|-
| ''[[West Side Story (1961 film)|West Side Story]]''
|-
| ''[[Judgment at Nuremberg]]''
|-
| ''[[The Godfather Part II]]''
|-
| ''[[Chinatown (1974 film)|Chinatown]]''
|-
| ''[[The Turning Point (1977 film)|The Turning Point]]''
|-
| ''[[Out of Africa (film)|Out of Africa]]''
|-
| ''[[The Color Purple (1985 film)|The Color Purple]]''
|-
| ''[[Julia (1977 film)|Julia]]''
|-
| ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]''
|-
| ''[[Terms of Endearment]]''
|-
| ''[[Amadeus (film)|Amadeus]]''
|-
| ''[[A Passage to India (film)|A Passage to India]]''
|-
| ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]''
|-
| ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
|-
| ''[[The Aviator (2004 film)|The Aviator]]''
|-
| ''[[Hugo (film)|Hugo]]''
|-
| ''[[Life of Pi (film)|Life of Pi]]''
|-
| ''[[Joker (2019 film)|Joker]]''
|-
| ''[[Everything Everywhere All at Once]]''
|-
| ''[[Poor Things (film)|Poor Things]]''
|-
| rowspan="47" style="text-align:center"| 10
| ''[[The Life of Emile Zola]]''
|-
| ''[[How Green Was My Valley (film)|How Green Was My Valley]]''
|-
| ''[[Going My Way]]''
|-
| ''[[Wilson (1944 film)|Wilson]]''
|-
| ''[[Roman Holiday]]''
|-
| ''[[Giant (1956 film)|Giant]]''
|-
| ''[[Sayonara]]''
|-
| ''[[The Apartment]]''
|-
| ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)|Lawrence of Arabia]]''
|-
| ''[[Tom Jones (1963 film)|Tom Jones]]''
|-
| ''[[The Sound of Music (film)|The Sound of Music]]''
|-
| ''[[Doctor Zhivago (film)|Doctor Zhivago]]''
|-
| ''[[Bonnie and Clyde (film)|Bonnie and Clyde]]''
|-
| ''[[Guess Who's Coming to Dinner]]''
|-
| ''[[Anne of the Thousand Days]]''
|-
| ''[[Patton (film)|Patton]]''
|-
| ''[[Airport (1970 film)|Airport]]''
|-
| ''[[The Godfather]]''
|-
| ''[[Cabaret (1972 film)|Cabaret]]''
|-
| ''[[The Sting]]''
|-
| ''[[The Exorcist]]''
|-
| ''[[Rocky]]''
|-
| ''[[Network (1976 film)|Network]]''
|-
| ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]''
|-
| ''[[On Golden Pond (1981 film)|On Golden Pond]]''
|-
| ''[[Tootsie]]''
|-
| ''[[Bugsy]]''
|-
| ''[[Braveheart]]''
|-
| ''[[Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon]]''
|-
| ''[[Gangs of New York]]''
|-
| ''[[Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World]]''
|-
| ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]''
|-
| ''[[True Grit (2010 film)|True Grit]]''
|-
| ''[[The Artist (film)|The Artist]]''
|-
| ''[[American Hustle]]''
|-
| ''[[Gravity (2013 film)|Gravity]]''
|-
| ''[[Mad Max: Fury Road]]''
|-
| ''[[The Favourite]]''
|-
| ''[[Roma (2018 film)|Roma]]''
|-
| ''[[The Irishman]]''
|-
| ''[[1917 (2019 film)|1917]]''
|-
| ''[[Once Upon a Time in Hollywood]]''
|-
| ''[[Mank]]''
|-
| ''[[Dune (2021 film)|Dune]]''
|-
| ''[[Killers of the Flower Moon (film)|Killers of the Flower Moon]]''
|-
| ''[[The Brutalist]]''
|-
| ''[[Wicked (2024 film)|Wicked]]''
|}
{{col-2-of-2}}
The following winners received at least 5 awards (including non-competitive):
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" width="56"| Awards
! scope="col" align="center"| Title
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center"| 11
| ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]]''
|-
| ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]''
|-
| ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 10
| ''[[West Side Story (1961 film)|West Side Story]]''
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center"| 9
| ''[[Gigi (1958 film)|Gigi]]''
|-
| ''[[The Last Emperor]]''
|-
| ''[[The English Patient (film)|The English Patient]]''
|-
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center"| 8
| ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]''
|-
| ''[[From Here to Eternity]]''
|-
| ''[[On the Waterfront]]''
|-
| ''[[My Fair Lady (film)|My Fair Lady]]''
|-
| ''[[Cabaret (1972 film)|Cabaret]]''
|-
| ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]''
|-
| ''[[Amadeus (film)|Amadeus]]''
|-
| ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]''
|-
| rowspan="14" style="text-align:center"| 7
| ''[[Going My Way]]''
|-
| ''[[The Best Years of Our Lives]]''
|-
| ''[[The Bridge on the River Kwai]]''
|-
| ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)|Lawrence of Arabia]]''
|-
| ''[[Patton (film)|Patton]]''
|-
| ''[[The Sting]]''
|-
| ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]''
|-
| ''[[Out of Africa (film)|Out of Africa]]''
|-
| ''[[Dances With Wolves]]''
|-
| ''[[Schindler's List]]''
|-
| ''[[Shakespeare in Love]]''
|-
| ''[[Gravity (2013 film)|Gravity]]''
|-
| ''[[Everything Everywhere All at Once]]''
|-
| ''[[Oppenheimer (film)|Oppenheimer]]''
|-
| rowspan="14" style="text-align:center"| 6
|-
| ''[[Mrs. Miniver]]''
|-
| ''[[All About Eve]]''
|-
| ''[[An American in Paris (film)|An American in Paris]]''
|-
| ''[[A Place in the Sun (1951 film)|A Place in the Sun]]''
|-
| ''[[A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)|A Man for All Seasons]]''
|-
| ''[[Oliver! (film)|Oliver!]]''
|-
| ''[[The Godfather Part II]]''
|-
| ''[[Forrest Gump]]''
|-
| ''[[Chicago (2002 film)|Chicago]]''
|-
| ''[[The Hurt Locker]]''
|-
| ''[[Mad Max: Fury Road]]''
|-
| ''[[La La Land]]''
|-
| ''[[Dune (2021 film)|Dune]]''
|-
| rowspan="27" style="text-align:center"| 5
| ''[[It Happened One Night]]''
|-
| ''[[How Green Was My Valley (film)|How Green Was My Valley]]''
|-
| ''[[Wilson (1944 film)|Wilson]]''
|-
| ''[[The Bad and the Beautiful]]''
|-
| ''[[Around the World in 80 Days (1956 film)|Around the World in 80 Days]]''
|-
| ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]''
|-
| ''[[The Apartment]]''
|-
| ''[[Mary Poppins (film)|Mary Poppins]]''
|-
| ''[[The Sound of Music (film)|The Sound of Music]]''
|-
| ''[[Doctor Zhivago (film)|Doctor Zhivago]]''
|-
| ''[[Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (film)|Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?]]''
|-
| ''[[In the Heat of the Night (film)|In the Heat of the Night]]''
|-
| ''[[The French Connection (film)|The French Connection]]''
|-
| ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]''
|-
| ''[[The Deer Hunter]]''
|-
| ''[[Kramer vs. Kramer]]''
|-
| ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''
|-
| ''[[Terms of Endearment]]''
|-
| ''[[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|The Silence of the Lambs]]''
|-
| ''[[Braveheart]]''
|-
| ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]''
|-
| ''[[American Beauty (1999 film)|American Beauty]]''
|-
| ''[[Gladiator (2000 film)|Gladiator]]''
|-
| ''[[The Aviator (2004 film)|The Aviator]]''
|-
| ''[[Hugo (film)|Hugo]]''
|-
| ''[[The Artist (film)|The Artist]]''
|-
| ''[[Anora]]''
|}
{{col-end}}
=== By franchises ===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-1-of-2}}
The following nominees received at least 5 nominations:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" width="56"| Nominations
! scope="col" align="center"| Title
! scope="col" align="center"| No. of films
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 38
| ''[[Star Wars]]''
| 11
|-
| 37
| ''[[Middle-earth in motion pictures|Middle-earth]]'' (consists of ''[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[The Hobbit (film series)|The Hobbit]]'')
| 6
|-
| 29
| ''[[Batman in film|Batman]]''
| 7
|-
| 28
| ''[[The Godfather (film series)|The Godfather]]''
| 3
|-
| 27
| [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]]
| 15
|-
| 19
| ''[[List of James Bond films|James Bond]]''
| 11
|-
| 16
| ''[[Looney Tunes]]''
| 16
|-
| 16
| ''[[List of Star Trek films|Star Trek]]''
| 7
|-
| 15
| ''[[Dune (franchise)|Dune]]''
| 2
|-
| 15
| ''[[Indiana Jones]]''
| 5
|-
| 14
| ''[[Wizarding World]]''
| 9
|-
| 13
| ''[[Avatar (franchise)|Avatar]]''
| 2
|-
| 13
| ''[[Gladiator (2000 film)|Gladiator]]''
| 2
|-
| 13
| ''[[Tom and Jerry]]''
| 13
|-
| 12
| ''[[Rocky (franchise)|Rocky]]''
| 3
|-
| 11
| ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean (film series)|Pirates of the Caribbean]]''
| 3
|-
| 11
| ''[[The Sting]]''
| 2
|-
| 10
| ''[[Top Gun (franchise)|Top Gun]]''
| 2
|-
| 10
| ''[[Alien (franchise)|Alien]]''
| 3
|-
| 10
| ''[[Mickey Mouse]]''
| 10
|-
| 8
| ''[[Wallace & Gromit]]''
| 8
|-
| 8
| ''[[Spider-Man in film|Spider-Man]]''
| 5
|-
| 7
| ''[[Blade Runner (franchise)|Blade Runner]]''
| 2
|-
| 7
| ''[[Transformers (film series)|Transformers]]''
| 3
|-
| 6
| ''[[Planet of the Apes]]''
| 4
|-
| 6
| ''[[Shrek (franchise)|Shrek]]''
| 4
|-
| 5
| ''[[Back to the Future (franchise)|Back to the Future]]''
| 2
|-
| 5
| ''[[The Incredibles (franchise)|The Incredibles]]''
| 2
|-
| 5
| ''[[The Thin Man (film series)|The Thin Man]]''
| 2
|}
{{col-2-of-2}}
The following winners received at least 2 awards:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" width="55"| Awards
! scope="col" align="center"| Title
! scope="col" align="center"| No. of films
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 17
| ''[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|The Lord of the Rings]]''
| 3
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 10
| ''[[Star Wars]]''
| 3
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 9
| ''[[The Godfather (film series)|The Godfather]]''
| 2
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 8
| ''[[Dune (franchise)|Dune]]''
| 2
|-
| style="text-align:center" rowspan="3"| 7
| ''[[Looney Tunes]]''
| 16
|-
| ''[[Tom and Jerry]]''
| 7
|-
| ''[[Indiana Jones]]''
| 3
|-
| style="text-align:center" rowspan="2"| 6
| ''[[List of James Bond films|James Bond]]''
| 5
|-
| ''[[Mad Max]]''
| 5
|-
| 5
| ''[[Batman in film|Batman]]''
| 3
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center"| 4
| ''[[Toy Story (franchise)|Toy Story]]''
| 3
|-
| ''[[Avatar (franchise)|Avatar]]''
| 2
|-
| [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]]
| 2
|-
| rowspan=4 style="text-align:center"| 3
| ''[[Wallace & Gromit]]''
| 3
|-
| ''[[Alien (franchise)|Alien]]''
| 2
|-
| ''[[The Adventures of Pinocchio|Pinocchio]]''
| 2
|-
| ''[[Rocky (franchise)|Rocky]]''
| 1
|}
{{col-end}}
=== By people ===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-1-of-2}}
The following nominees received at least 5 nominations:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" width="55"| Nominations
! scope="col" align="center"| Title
! scope="col" align="center"| Role
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 59
| [[Walt Disney]]
| Producer, animator, and voice actor
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 54
| [[John Williams]]
| Composer
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 45
| [[Alfred Newman (composer)|Alfred Newman]]
| Composer
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 39
| [[Cedric Gibbons]]
| Production designer
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 35
| [[Edith Head]]
| Costume designer
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 32
| [[Edwin B. Willis]]
| Production designer
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 29
| [[Lyle R. Wheeler]]
| Art director
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 26
| [[Sammy Cahn]]
| Songwriter
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"| 25
| [[Andy Nelson (sound engineer)|Andy Nelson]]
| Sound engineer
|-
| [[Max Steiner]]
| Composer
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 24
| [[Woody Allen]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center"| 23
| [[Hans Dreier]]
| Art director
|-
| [[Hal Pereira]]
| Art director and production designer
|-
| [[Steven Spielberg]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center"| 22
| [[Samuel M. Comer]]
| Art director
|-
| [[Randy Newman]]
| Composer and songwriter
|-
| [[Dimitri Tiomkin]]
| Composer
|-
| [[Victor Young]]
| Composer
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center"| 21
| [[Kevin O'Connell (sound mixer)|Kevin O'Connell]]
| Sound mixer
|-
| [[Meryl Streep]]
| Actress
|-
| [[Billy Wilder]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 20
| [[Gary Rydstrom]]
| Sound designer and film director
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 19
| [[Alan Menken]]
| Composer and songwriter
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 18
| [[Henry Mancini]]
| Composer and songwriter
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"| 17
| [[Gordon Hollingshead]]
| Producer
|-
| [[Fred Quimby]]
| Animator
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center"| 16
| [[Roger Deakins]]
| Cinematographer
|-
| [[Charles LeMaire]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Greg P. Russell]]
| Sound engineer
|-
| [[Martin Scorsese]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Irene Sharaff]]
| Costume designer and art director
|-
| [[Diane Warren]]
| Songwriter
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center"| 15
| [[Warren Beatty]]
| Actor and filmmaker
|-
| [[Christopher Boyes]]
| Sound engineer
|-
| [[Thomas Newman]]
| Composer
|-
| [[Alex North]]
| Composer
|-
| [[Sandy Powell (costume designer)|Sandy Powell]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[William Wyler]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center"| 14
| [[Coen brothers|Ethan and Joel Coen]]
| Filmmakers
|-
| [[Francis Ford Coppola]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Jean Louis]]
| Costume designer
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"| 13
| [[Richard Day (art director)|Richard Day]]
| Art director
|-
| [[Stanley Kubrick]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center"| 12
| [[Colleen Atwood]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Bradley Cooper]]
| Actor, filmmaker, and producer
|-
| [[Federico Fellini]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Katharine Hepburn]]
| Actress
|-
| [[Dorothy Jeakins]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Jack Nicholson]]
| Actor
|-
| [[Hans Zimmer]]
| Composer
|-
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center"| 11
| [[Paul Thomas Anderson]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Rick Baker]]
| Special make-up effects artist
|-
| [[Alfonso Cuarón]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Alexandre Desplat]]
| Composer
|-
| [[Clint Eastwood]]
| Actor and filmmaker
|-
| [[Joe Letteri]]
| Visual effects artist
|-
| [[Laurence Olivier]]
| Actor and filmmaker
|-
| [[George Stevens]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| rowspan="7"style="text-align:center"| 10
| [[Anna Behlmer]]
| Sound mixer
|-
| [[Bette Davis]]
| Actress
|-
| [[Dante Ferretti]]
| Art director, production designer and costume designer
|-
| [[Walter Plunkett]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Helen Rose]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Bill Thomas (costume designer)|Bill Thomas]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Denzel Washington]]
| Actor and filmmaker
|-
| rowspan="13" style="text-align:center"| 9
| [[Ingmar Bergman]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Milena Canonero]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Pete Docter]]
| Filmmaker, animator and voice actor
|-
| [[Jacqueline Durran]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Nancy Haigh]]
| Set decorator
|-
| [[Alejandro González Iñárritu]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Peter Jackson]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Stanley Kramer]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Catherine Martin (designer)|Catherine Martin]]
| Costume designer, production designer and producer
|-
| [[Scott Millan]]
| Sound mixer
|-
| [[Scott Rudin]]
| Producer
|-
| [[Thelma Schoonmaker]]
| Film editor
|-
| [[Sherman Brothers]]
| Composers and songwriters
|-
| rowspan="18" style="text-align:center"| 8
| [[Wes Anderson]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Cate Blanchett]]
| Actress
|-
| [[Kenneth Branagh]]
| Actor and filmmaker
|-
| [[Marlon Brando]]
| Actor
|-
| [[James L. Brooks]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[George Clooney]]
| Actor and filmmaker
|-
| [[Glenn Close]]
| Actress
|-
| [[Judi Dench]]
| Actress
|-
| [[Dede Gardner]]
| Producer
|-
| [[Michael Kahn (film editor)|Michael Kahn]]
| Film editor
|-
| [[Kathleen Kennedy (producer)|Kathleen Kennedy]]
| Producer
|-
| [[Jack Lemmon]]
| Actor
|-
| [[Francesca Lo Schiavo]]
| Set decorator
|-
| [[Emmanuel Lubezki]]
| Cinematographer
|-
| [[Frances McDormand]]
| Actress and producer
|-
| [[Christopher Nolan]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Peter O'Toole]]
| Actor
|-
| [[Ken Ralston]]
| Visual effects supervisor
|-
| rowspan="15" style="text-align:center"| 7
| [[Howard Ashman]]
| Lyricist
|-
| [[Ingrid Bergman]]
| Actress
|-
| [[Dennis Gassner]]
| Production designer
|-
| [[Jeff Bridges]]
| Actor
|-
| [[Richard Burton]]
| Actor
|-
| [[James Cameron]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Leonardo DiCaprio]]
| Actor and producer
|-
| [[Jane Fonda]]
| Actress
|-
| [[Jeremy Kleiner]]
| Producer
|-
| [[Martin McDonagh]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Brad Pitt]]
| Actor and producer
|-
| [[Sydney Pollack]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Mary Wills (costume designer)|Mary Wills]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Kate Winslet]]
| Actress
|-
| [[Albert Wolsky]]
| Costume designer
|-
| rowspan="18" style="text-align:center"| 6
| [[Amy Adams]]
| Actress
|-
| [[John Bright (costume designer)|John Bright]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Alexandra Byrne]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Ellen Burstyn]]
| Actress
|-
| [[Daniel Day-Lewis]]
| Actor
|-
| [[Guillermo del Toro]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Eric Fellner]]
| Producer
|-
| [[Margaret Furse]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Tom Hanks]]
| Actor
|-
| [[Yorgos Lanthimos]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Nick Park]]
| Animator
|-
| [[Ennio Morricone]]
| Composer
|-
| [[Patricia Norris]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Howard Shoup]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Maggie Smith]]
| Actress
|-
| [[Andrew Stanton]]
| Animator and filmmaker
|-
| [[Gile Steele]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Richard Taylor (filmmaker)|Richard Taylor]]
| Costume designer, special make-up effects artist and visual effects artist
|-
| rowspan="19" style="text-align:center"| 5
| [[Tim Bevan]]
| Producer
|-
| [[Brad Bird]]
| Animator and filmmaker
|-
| [[Danilo Donati]]
| Costume designer and production designer
|-
| [[Todd Field]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Alfred Hitchcock]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Nicole Kidman]]
| Actress
|-
| [[Frank Marshall (filmmaker)|Frank Marshall]]
| Producer
|-
| [[Vittorio Nino Novarese]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Gregory Peck]]
| Actor
|-
| [[Sean Penn]]
| Actor
|-
| [[Renié]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Ann Roth]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[David O. Russell]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Susan Sarandon]]
| Actress
|-
| [[Emma Stone]]
| Actress and producer
|-
| [[Barbra Streisand]]
| Actress, songwriter and producer
|-
| [[Piero Tosi]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Jacqueline West]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Michelle Williams (actress)|Michelle Williams]]
| Actress
|}
{{col-2-of-2}}
The following winners received at least 3 awards (including non-competitive):
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" width="55"| Awards
! scope="col" align="center"| Title
! scope="col" align="center"| Role
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 26
| [[Walt Disney]]
| Producer, animator, and voice actor
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 14
| [[Douglas Shearer]]
| Sound engineer, visual effect supervisor
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 11
| [[Cedric Gibbons]]
| Production designer
|-
| style="text-align:center"| 10
| [[Farciot Edouart]]
| Special effects artist and innovator
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"| 9
| [[Dennis Muren]]
| Special effects artist and supervisor
|-
| [[Alfred Newman (composer)|Alfred Newman]]
| Composer
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center"| 8
| [[Edith Head]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Alan Menken]]
| Composer and songwriter
|-
| [[Edwin B. Willis]]
| Production designer
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center"| 7
| [[Rick Baker]]
| Special make-up effects artist
|-
| [[Richard Day (art director)|Richard Day]]
| Art director
|-
| [[Fred Quimby]]
| Animator
|-
| [[Gary Rydstrom]]
| Sound designer, editor, and mixer
|-
| [[Billy Wilder]]
| Director, producer, and writer
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"| 6
| [[John Ford]]
| Director and producer
|-
| [[Gordon Hollingshead]]
| Producer
|-
| rowspan="14" style="text-align:center"| 5
| [[John Barry (composer)|John Barry]]
| Composer and songwriter
|-
| [[Francis Ford Coppola]]
| Director, producer, and writer
|-
| [[Clint Eastwood]]
| Actor, director, and producer
|-
| [[Johnny Green]]
| Composer, music supervisor, and producer
|-
| [[Alejandro González Iñárritu]]
| Director, producer, and writer
|-
| [[Fred Hynes]]
| Sound engineer
|-
| [[Gordon Jennings]]
| Special effects supervisor
|-
| [[Joe Letteri]]
| Visual effects artist
|-
| [[Thomas T. Moulton]]
| Sound engineer
|-
| [[Ken Ralston]]
| Visual effects supervisor
|-
| [[Irene Sharaff]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Richard Taylor (filmmaker)|Richard Taylor]]
| Costume designer, special makeup artist, and visual effects supervisor
|-
| [[Lyle R. Wheeler]]
| Art director
|-
| [[John Williams]]
| Composer
|-
| rowspan="26" style="text-align:center"| 4
| [[Woody Allen]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Colleen Atwood]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Sean Baker]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Mark Berger (sound engineer)|Mark Berger]]
| Sound engineer
|-
| [[John Box]]
| Production designer and art director
|-
| [[Christopher Boyes]]
| Sound engineer
|-
| [[Ben Burtt]]
| Sound designer, editor, and mixer
|-
| [[Sammy Cahn]]
| Songwriter
|-
| [[Milena Canonero]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Coen brothers|Ethan and Joel Coen]]
| Filmmakers
|-
| [[Samuel M. Comer]]
| Art director
|-
| [[Alfonso Cuarón]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Katharine Hepburn]]
| Actress
|-
| [[Richard King (sound designer)|Richard King]]
| Sound designer and editor
|-
| [[Henry Mancini]]
| Composer and songwriter
|-
| [[Catherine Martin (designer)|Catherine Martin]]
| Costume designer and production designer
|-
| [[Frances McDormand]]
| Actress and producer
|-
| [[Johnny Mercer]]
| Songwriter
|-
| [[Scott Millan]]
| Sound mixer
|-
| [[Laurence Olivier]]
| Actor and filmmaker
|-
| [[Nick Park]]
| Animator
|-
| [[André Previn]]
| Composer and music supervisor
|-
| [[Dimitri Tiomkin]]
| Composer
|-
| [[Jimmy Van Heusen]]
| Songwriter
|-
| [[Robert Wise]]
| Director and producer
|-
| [[William Wyler]]
| Director and producer
|-
| rowspan="44" style="text-align:center"| 3
| [[James Acheson]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Cecil Beaton]]
| Costume designer and production designer
|-
| [[Jenny Beavan]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Alan and Marilyn Bergman]]
| Songwriters
|-
| [[Ingrid Bergman]]
| Actress
|-
| [[Bong Joon Ho]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Stephen Bosustow]]
| Producer
|-
| [[Walter Brennan]]
| Actor
|-
| [[James L. Brooks]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[James Cameron]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Saul Chaplin]]
| Composer and music supervisor
|-
| [[Daniels (directors)|Daniels]]
| Directors, producers, and writers
|-
| [[Daniel Day-Lewis]]
| Actor
|-
| [[Adolph Deutsch]]
| Composer and music supervisor
|-
| [[Pete Docter]]
| Director, writer, animator, and voice actor
|-
| [[Ken Darby]]
| Composer and music supervisor
|-
| [[Ralph Dawson]]
| Film editor
|-
| [[Guillermo del Toro]]
| Director, producer, and writer
|-
| [[Hans Dreier]]
| Art director
|-
| [[Roger Edens]]
| Composer and music supervisor
|-
| [[John Hubley]]
| Director and animator
|-
| [[Marvin Hamlisch]]
| Composer and songwriter
|-
| [[Peter Jackson]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Maurice Jarre]]
| Composer
|-
| [[Dorothy Jeakins]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Michael Kahn (film editor)|Michael Kahn]]
| Film editor
|-
| [[Paul Lambert (special effects artist)|Paul Lambert]]
| Visual effects supervisor
|-
| [[Michel Legrand]]
| Composer and songwriter
|-
| [[Charles LeMaire]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Emmanuel Lubezki]]
| Cinematographer
|-
| [[Daniel Mandell]]
| Film editor
|-
| [[Jack Nicholson]]
| Actor
|-
| [[Orry-Kelly]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Anthony Powell (designer)|Anthony Powell]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Sandy Powell (costume designer)|Sandy Powell]]
| Costume designer
|-
| [[Thelma Schoonmaker]]
| Film editor
|-
| [[Stephen Schwartz (composer)|Stephen Schwartz]]
| Songwriter
|-
| [[Steven Spielberg]]
| Filmmaker
|-
| [[Max Steiner]]
| Composer
|-
| [[Meryl Streep]]
| Actress
|-
| [[Fran Walsh]]
| Producer, writer and songwriter
|-
| [[Ned Washington]]
| Songwriter
|-
| [[Paul Francis Webster]]
| Songwriter
|-
| [[Richard Williams (animator)|Richard Williams]]
| Director and animator
|}
{{col-end}}
== See also ==
* [[List of film awards]]
* [[List of Academy Award–nominated films|List of Academy Award-nominated films]]
* [[List of actors with Academy Award nominations]]
* [[List of superlative Academy Award winners and nominees]]
== Footnotes ==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Further reading ==
* {{Cite news |last=Brokaw |first=Lauren |date=March 3, 2010 |title=Wanna See an Academy Awards Invite? We Got It Along with All the Major Annual Events Surrounding the Oscars |url=http://thedailytruffle.com/2010/03/oscar-week-parties-the-weekly-juice-oscar-edition/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307140008/http://thedailytruffle.com/2010/03/oscar-week-parties-the-weekly-juice-oscar-edition/ |archive-date=March 7, 2010 |url-status=dead |department=The Weekly Juice |work=The Daily Truffle |___location=Los Angeles |access-date=February 20, 2024}}
* {{Cite book |last=Cotte |first=Oliver |year=2007 |title=Secrets of Oscar-Winning Animation: Behind the Scenes of 13 Classic Short Animations |publisher=Focal Press |isbn=978-0-240-52070-4}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Fischer |first1=Erika J. |date=1988 |title=The Inauguration of "Oscar": Sketches and Documents from the Early Years of the Hollywood Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and the Academy Awards, 1927–1930 |___location=Munich |publisher=K. G. Saur Verlag |isbn=978-3-598-10753-5 |language=English |oclc=925086635}}
** {{Cite journal |last=Jung |first=Uli |date=November 25, 1989 |title=Fischer, Erika J.: The Inauguration of 'Oscar' |url=https://mediarep.org/bitstream/handle/doc/11500/MEDREZ_1989_4_495_Jung_.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y |language=de |journal=Medienwissenschaft: Rezensionen |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=495–497 |doi=10.17192/ep1989.4.6134 |issn=0176-4241}} German-language book review of the book.
* {{Cite book |last1=Kinn |first1=Gail |last2=Piazza |first2=Jim |year=2002 |title=The Academy Awards: The Complete History of Oscar |publisher=Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers |isbn=978-1-57912-240-9}}
* {{Cite book |last=Levy |first=Emanuel |year=2003 |title=All About Oscar: The History and Politics of the Academy Awards |publisher=Burns & Oates |isbn=978-0-8264-1452-6}}
* {{Cite book |last=Schulman |first=Michael |year=2023 |title=Oscar Wars: A History of Hollywood in Gold, Sweat, and Tears |___location=New York |publisher=Harper |isbn=9780062859013 |oclc=1356972435}}
* {{Cite book |last=Wright |first=Jon |year=2007 |title=The Lunacy of Oscar: The Problems with Hollywood's Biggest Night |publisher=Thomas Publishing, Inc. |isbn=}}{{ISBN needed|date=February 2024}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb event|0000003|Academy Awards}}
{{Academy Awards}}
{{Academy Awards lists}}
{{Cinema of the United States}}
{{National Cinema Awards}}
{{Authority control}}
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