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{{Short description|American Al-Qaeda member (1978–2015)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Adam Yahiye Gadahn
| image = Gadahn.PNG
| birth_name = Adam Pearlman<ref name=pearlman />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1978|09|01}}
| birth_place = [[Oregon]], U.S.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2015|01|19|1978|09|01}}
| death_place = [[Waziristan]], Pakistan
| death_cause = Drone strike
| known_for = Member of [[al-Qaeda]]/FBI's most wanted
| occupation = Al-Qaeda operative
| height = {{convert|5|ft|11|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="NEWYORKER" />
| allegiance = {{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qaeda.svg|size=23px}} [[Al-Qaeda]]
| branch = [[al-Qaeda|Al-Qaeda central]] <br /> <small>(1998–2015)</small>
| serviceyears = 1998–2015
| rank = Advisor to Osama bin Laden
| battles = {{unbulleted list|[[Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)|Afghan Civil War]]|[[War in Afghanistan (2001–14)|War in Afghanistan]]|[[War in North-West Pakistan]]{{KIA}}}}
}}
'''Adam Yahiye Gadahn''' ({{langx|ar|آدم يحيى غدن}}, ''Ādam Yaḥyā Ghadan''; September 1, 1978 – January 19, 2015) was an American senior operative, cultural interpreter, spokesman and media advisor for the [[Islamism|Islamist]] group [[al-Qaeda]], as well as prolific [[noise music|noise musician]].<ref name="WPCONVERTS" /><ref name="NEWYORKER" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/music-from-california-death-metal-fan-turned-al-qaida-spokesperson-now-available/ |title=Music From California Death-Metal-Fan-Turned-al-Qaida-Spokesperson Now Available |work=[[Blabbermouth.net]] |date=August 12, 2008 |accessdate=December 27, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/music-from-california-death-metal-fan-turned-al-qaida-spokesperson-now-available/ |title= California Death-Metal-Fan-Turned-al-Qaida-Spokesperson Arrested In Pakistan? |work=[[Blabbermouth.net]] |date=March 7, 2010 |accessdate=December 27, 2021 }}</ref> Beginning in 2004, he appeared in a number of videos produced by al-Qaeda as "'''Azzam the American'''" ('Azzām al-Amrīki, {{langx|ar|عزام الأمريكي}}), sometimes transliterated as Ezzam Al-Amrikee). Gadahn, who converted to [[Islam]] in 1995 at a California mosque, was described as "homegrown," a term used by scholars and government officials for Western citizens "picking up the sword of the idea" (in the words of one FBI agent) to commit
attacks in the West.<ref name="NEWYORKER" /> American intelligence officials allege that he inspired the [[2007 Osama bin Laden video]].<ref name="WPCONVERTS" />
In 2004, he was added to the [[FBI Seeking Information – War on Terrorism list]].<ref name="FBI terrorinfo" /> On October 11, 2006, he was removed from that list, and placed on the [[Bureau of Diplomatic Security]] [[Rewards for Justice Program]] list of wanted criminals.<ref name="reward for justice" /> On the same day, Gadahn was indicted based on the testimony of the FBI case agent E. J. Hilbert II, in the Southern Division of the [[United States District Court for the Central District of California]] by a federal grand jury for the [[capital punishment|capital]] crime of [[treason]] for aiding an enemy of the United States, the first such case since the 1950s.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00045600802099162|doi = 10.1080/00045600802099162|title = The Garden of Peace|year = 2008|last1 = Wadley|first1 = David|journal = Annals of the Association of American Geographers|volume = 98|issue = 3|pages = 650–685|s2cid = 145416224|url-access = subscription}}</ref> On January 19, 2015, Gadahn was killed in one of a series of [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|unmanned aircraft]] strikes in [[Waziristan]], [[Pakistan]].<ref name="GadahnKilled">{{cite news|author=White House Press Secretary|author-link=White House Press Secretary|title=Statement by the Press Secretary|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/04/23/statement-press-secretary|access-date=February 29, 2016|date=April 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121181656/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/04/23/statement-press-secretary|archive-date=January 21, 2017|url-status=live|via=[[NARA|National Archives]]|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]}}</ref> Al-Qaeda confirmed Gadahn's death on June 25, 2015.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Periodicals/al-qaeda-confirms-death-of-adam-gadahn-in-special-issue-of-resurgence.html | title=Al-Qaeda Confirms Death of Adam Gadahn in Special Issue of "Resurgence" | date=June 25, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2015/06/al-qc481_idah-e2809cresurgence-2e280b3.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923185224/https://azelin.files.wordpress.com/2015/06/al-qc481_idah-e2809cresurgence-2e280b3.pdf |archive-date=2018-09-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Early life and education==
Gadahn was born on September 1, 1978, in [[Oregon]], United States.<ref name=pearlman>{{Cite web |title=Al Qaeda Spokesman Adam Gadahn Was Once American Adam Pearlman |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/al-qaeda-spokesman-adam-gadahn-american-adam-pearlman/story?id=30528049 |access-date=June 11, 2023 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/01/22/azzam-the-american |title=The Makings of a Homegrown Terrorist |magazine=The New Yorker |date=January 15, 2007 |access-date=November 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125035638/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/01/22/azzam-the-american |archive-date=November 25, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Stalinsky |first=Steven |url=http://archive.org/details/americantraitorr0000stal |title=American traitor : the rise and fall of Al-Qaeda's U.S.-born leader Adam Gadahn |date=2017 |publisher=[Washington, D.C.] : MEMRI Books |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-9678480-2-0}}</ref> Gadahn's paternal grandfather, Carl Pearlman, was a [[Jewish]] activist, urologist and on the board of directors of the [[Anti-Defamation League]]. Gadahn's paternal grandmother, Agnes Branch, a Christian, was an editor for ''The Christian Family Chronicles'' (a genealogical publication for people with the surname "Christian").<ref name="wargs" /> Gadahn's father is Philip, a musician who grew up in [[Orange County, California]]. Philip and his wife Jennifer legally changed their last name to Gadahn in the mid-1970s, after the Biblical warrior [[Gideon]].<ref name="NEWYORKER"/> Philip Gadahn was involved in the [[Counterculture of the 1960s|counterculture movement]] at the [[University of California, Irvine|University of California at Irvine]], and before Adam's birth became a Christian. Gadahn described his father as having been "raised agnostic or atheist, but he became a believer in One God when he picked up a Bible left on the beach."<ref name="NEWYORKER"/> His father's religious perspective was flexible and based upon his own spiritual needs and as a new convert to Islam, Gadahn portrayed his father in a manner sympathetic to his religion of conversion.<ref name="NEWYORKER"/>
Gadahn was raised a [[Protestantism|Protestant]] Christian, and [[homeschooling|homeschooled]] through high school by his parents on an isolated farm in western [[Riverside County, California]].<ref name="NEWYORKER"/> He played [[Little League Baseball|Little League baseball]] and participated in Christian homeschool support groups. As an adolescent he became very involved in the [[death metal]] community, making contact with fans and musicians through [[zines|alternative magazines]].<ref name="NEWYORKER"/> During the summer of 1993, he formed an [[Ambient music|ambient]] [[Noise music|noise]] project called Aphasia.<ref name="NEWYORKER"/> Gadahn contributed music reviews and artwork to a [[zine]] called ''Xenocide'',<ref name="NEWYORKER"/> and his comments were published. A loyal fan of [[Carl Barks]]' tales of [[Scrooge McDuck]], Gadahn submitted drawings of this character to [[Gladstone Publishing]], whose editors did not publish them, but publicly thanked him for his efforts.<ref>''[[Uncle Scrooge]]'' 283, cover dated December 1993. A letter from 9-year-old Gadahn was published in ''[[Walt Disney's Comics and Stories]]'' 519 in 1987. Other Gadahn letters were published in ''Donald Duck'' 286, ''Donald Duck Adventures'' 28 and 30, and ''Donald and Mickey'' 23, all released in 1994-1995.</ref> In 1995, at age 16, Gadahn moved in with his grandparents in the West Floral Park neighborhood of [[Santa Ana, California]].<ref name="NEWYORKER"/> Not long after, he converted to Islam and lamented the estrangement his musical interest caused between him and his family writing, "My relationship with my parents became strained, although only intermittently so. I am sorry even as I write this."<ref name="NEWYORKER"/>
== Conversion to Islam ==
While living with his grandparents in West Floral Park, Santa Ana, Gadahn described himself as having a "yawning emptiness", and he sought ways "to fill that void". He explored Christianity on the internet, radio, and locally, but later said that he found [[Evangelicalism|evangelical Christianity]]'s "apocalyptic ramblings" to be "paranoid" and hollow.<ref name="bom" /> In 1995, at age 17, Gadahn began studying Islam at the [[Islamic Center of Orange County|Islamic Society of Orange County]]. Members of Gadahn's study group were young fundamentalists who "targeted the mosque's chairman, Haitham Bundakji", for his practice of "wearing Western clothes and being friendly with Jews".<ref name="BERNHARD" />
Gadahn converted to [[Islam]] later that year, and shortly thereafter posted an essay to the [[University of Southern California]] website describing his conversion, titled "Becoming a Muslim".<ref name="bom" /> According to his parents, Adam was "arrested and convicted of assaulting his former mentor Haitham Bundakji in May 1997." He served two days in jail, but his failure to perform 40 hours of community service left a warrant for his arrest active.<ref name="NEWYORKER" />
Gadahn reportedly moved to Pakistan in 1998, where he married an [[Afghans in Pakistan|Afghan refugee]] and maintained intermittent contact with his family until March 2001, when all contact with his family stopped.<ref name="ABC unmasked" /> He told his parents he had been working as a journalist while in Pakistan—spending time in both [[Karachi]] and [[Peshawar]]—presumably a euphemism for his media propaganda efforts for al-Qaeda.<ref name="NEWYORKER" /><ref name="family security" /> He began supporting jihadi causes in the late 1990s.<ref name="NEWYORKER" />
==Al-Qaeda affiliation==
In a short period of time, Gadahn became a senior advisor to bin Laden and was assumed to be playing the role of "translator, video producer, and cultural interpreter."<ref name="NEWYORKER" /> Gadahn declared his animosity towards the United States by declaring it "enemy soil" and praising the individuals responsible for the September 11 attacks.<ref name="NEWYORKER" /> The first production of al-Qaeda's media division, [[As-Sahab]], was believed to have been in 2001 with the involvement of Gadahn.<ref name="family security" />
United States and British intelligence officials believe it to have been run by Gadahn,<ref name="blotter" /> although it was reported that the media production of these messages had a notable decrease in quality, possibly due to Gadahn's involvement in other tasks for al-Qaeda.<ref name="jawa dead or live" /><ref name="janes quiet american" />
The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) announced that it wanted Gadahn for questioning in 2004,<ref name="NEWYORKER"/> and on May 26, 2004, [[United States Attorney General]] [[John Ashcroft]] and [[Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI Director]] [[Robert Mueller]] announced that reports indicated that Gadahn was one of seven al-Qaeda members who were planning terrorist actions for the summer or fall of 2004. Gadahn's name was the only new name released by Mueller in this warning. Two of the other alleged terrorists named on that date were [[Ahmed Ghailani|Ahmed Khalfan Ghailani]] and [[Fazul Abdullah Mohammed]]. Those two had been listed as [[FBI Most Wanted Terrorists]] since 2001, indicted for their roles in the [[1998 United States embassy bombings|1998 U.S. embassy bombings]]. The others, [[Amer el-Maati]], [[Aafia Siddiqui]], [[Abderraouf Jdey]], and [[Adnan Gulshair el Shukrijumah]] had all been on FBI wanted lists for some time. Jdey had been on the FBI's "Seeking Information" wanted list since January 17, 2002, to which Gadahn was added with the other three as well.<ref name="ashcroft" />
In a 2005 video, Gadahn threatened to attack [[Los Angeles]], for which the [[United States Department of Justice]] "indicted him under seal for [[Providing material support for terrorism|providing material support to Al Qaeda]]".<ref name="NEWYORKER"/> As an introduction to the "An Invitation to Islam" video in 2006, Zawahiri encouraged westerners to heed Gadahn's message and praised Gadahn as "a perceptive person who wants to lead his people out of darkness into the light"; "Al Qaeda had never before given one of its members, let alone an American, an endorsement so intimate and direct."<ref name="NEWYORKER" /> As a result of the contents of the "Invitation" video, he was charged with treason because "[h]e chose to join our enemy and to provide it with aid and comfort by acting as a propagandist for Al Qaeda," as Deputy Attorney General Paul McNulty explained.<ref name="NEWYORKER"/> He was also placed on the FBI's most wanted list and a million dollar reward was offered for his capture.<ref name="NEWYORKER"/> McNulty explained the severity of Gadahn's crimes: "Terrorists create fear and intimidation through extreme violence. They want Americans to live and walk in fear. They want to demoralize us. That’s why propaganda is so important to them, and why facilitating that propaganda is such an egregious crime."<ref name="NEWYORKER"/>
On propaganda and terrorism, Gadahn criticized specific "jihadi" groups, such as [[Tehrik-i-Taliban]], [[al-Shabaab (militant group)|al-Shabaab]], and the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]], for the killing of Muslim non-combatant civilians, which he believed undermined Al-Qaeda's media strategy and objectives.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Terrorism and Political Violence |volume=27 |issue=4 |year=2015 |title=How Muslim Defenders Became "Blood Spilling" Crusaders: Adam Gadahn's Critique of the "Jihadist" Subversion of Al Qaeda's Media Warfare Strategy |doi=10.1080/09546553.2015.1043996 |author=Paul Kamolnick |pages=444–463|s2cid=146125940 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/896289 }}</ref>
==Appearances in al-Qaeda videos==
===2004–2006===
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:AdamGadahn sept. 11 2005.jpg|Adam Gadahn September 11, 2005, video broadcast on [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]].|thumb|right]] -->
In late October 2004, [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] broadcast a 75-minute videotape of a man who identified himself as "Azzam the American" threatening the United States with terrorist attacks.<ref name="us attacks" /> After the network played excerpts of the video, someone from one of Gadahn's mosques told law enforcement officials that he believed the man in the video was Gadahn.<ref name="azzam is gadahn" />
In 2005, on the fourth anniversary of the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001, attacks]], an eleven-minute videotape message purportedly from al-Qaeda was broadcast on the ABC News program ''[[Good Morning America]]''. The American English-accented speaker, a man whose face was partially concealed, was identified by U.S. intelligence officials as Gadahn. The speaker praised the "echo of explosions and the slitting of the throats of the infidels"{{Sfn|Bernhard|2006|p=57}} and attacked U.S. foreign policy and military activity, particularly in Iraq and Afghanistan. He predicted that there would be future attacks in Los Angeles and [[Melbourne]]: "Yesterday, [[7 July 2005 London bombings|London]] and [[2004 Madrid train bombings|Madrid]]. Tomorrow, Los Angeles and Melbourne, God willing. At this time, don't count on us demonstrating restraint or compassion."<ref name="us attacks"/>
Around the same time, he appeared in an al-Qaeda-produced American documentary film ''Knowledge is for Acting Upon—The Manhattan Raid'',<ref name="knowledge" /> a film which traces the organization from its genesis among the anti-Soviet [[Mujahideen]] in Afghanistan through its establishment of training camps around the world to its defining moment, the September 11, 2001, attacks on New York and Washington. Gadahn provides Western viewers with an expository look at the group's ideals, philosophy and goals as well as a retrospective look at their perspective on the geopolitical situations which led to their decision to execute the attack. The film culminates with Gadahn's description of the events' aftermath, pre-attack [[martyrdom video]]s filmed by the hijackers, and finally a montage of videos portraying the attacks themselves. The high-production-value film, completely captioned for both English and Arabic-speaking audiences, is widely regarded as a tool intended to motivate and attract other Western-born Muslims.
On July 7, 2006, Gadahn appeared unmasked on an al-Qaeda tape made public on the Internet.<ref name="memri" /> On the tape he denounced the United States military presence in Iraq as well as [[Mahmudiyah killings|rapes and murders committed by American soldiers]]. Gadahn's family, who had previously said that they could not tell whether or not it was Gadahn who appeared in the al-Qaeda videos, did not respond to the new tape.
On September 2, 2006, a video called "An Invitation to Islam", features a lecture by Adam Gadahn for approximately 44 minutes of its 48 minutes, with a lesser part given to al-Qaeda theorist [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]]. In the video, Gadahn stated "If the Zionist crusader missionaries of hate and counter-Islam consultants like [[Daniel Pipes]], [[Robert Spencer (author)|Robert Spencer]], [[Michael Scheuer]], [[Steven Emerson]], and yes, even the crusader-in-chief [[George W. Bush]] were to abandon their unbelief and repent and enter into the light of [[Islam]] and turn their swords against the enemies of God, it would be accepted of them and they would be our brothers in Islam." Both Pipes and Spencer have publicly declined to accept Gadahn's invitation to convert to Islam.<ref name="pipes" /> Gadahn praised British politician [[George Galloway]] and journalist [[Robert Fisk]] for expressing their "respect and admiration for Islam" and for "acknowledging that it is the truth" and for "demonstrating their sympathy for Muslims their causes", but added "I say to them, isn't it time you stopped sitting on the fence and came over to the side of truth?" Gadahn urged American soldiers to "surrender to the truth", "escape from the unbelieving Army", and "join the winning side."<ref name="jazeera convert" />
===2007–2008===
On May 29, 2007, Gadahn again made headlines when another video, "al-Qaeda Video Warning to US by American Adam Gadahn"<ref name="myzine video" /> was released on the Internet. In this video, Adam Gadahn listed five demands:
# "Pull every last one of your soldiers, spies, security advisors, trainers, attachés, … out of every Muslim land from Afghanistan to Zanzibar ..."
# "End "all support and aid, military, political, economic, or otherwise, to the 56-plus apostate regimes of the Muslim world, and abandon them to their well-deserved fate ..."
# "End all support, moral, military, economic, political, or otherwise, to the bastard state of Israel, and ban your citizens, Zionist Jews, Zionist Christians, and the rest from traveling to occupied Palestine or settling there. Even one penny of aid will be considered sufficient justification to continue the fight."
# "... impose a blanket ban on all broadcasts to our region ..."
# "Free all Muslim captives from your prisons, detention facilities, and concentration camps, regardless of whether they have been recipients of what you call a fair trial or not."
Gadahn then threatened that "your failure to heed our demands and the demands of reason means that you and your people will—Allah willing—experience things which will make you forget all about the horrors of September 11th, Afghanistan and Iraq".<ref name="cbn" />
American intelligence officials allege that Gadahn inspired [[2007 Osama bin Laden video|bin Laden's September 2007 video]], in which bin Laden, among other things, made reference to the [[subprime mortgage crisis]].<ref name="daily telegraph" /> M.J. Gohel, chief executive of the Asia-Pacific Foundation, a London-based security-studies organization, found bin Laden's video "very reminiscent of [Gadahn's] messages in terms of style and content."<ref name="WPCONVERTS"/> Officials told reporters that the "high quality" of the English subtitles and the "references to [[Malcolm X]]" in al-Qaeda's 2008 post-presidential election video "reflect the influence" of Gadahn.<ref name="obama victory" /> In that video, [[Barack Obama]] is attacked as a "[[House Negro]]".<ref name="obama victory" />
On October 4, 2008, a video featuring Gadahn was posted on [[Laura Mansfield]]'s website. The 32-minute video primarily focused on Pakistan, but also referenced economic woes in the United States: "The enemies of Islam are facing a crushing defeat, which is beginning to manifest itself in the extending crisis their economy is experiencing. The crisis, whose primary cause, in addition to the abortive and unsustainable crusades they are waging in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iraq, is they are turning their backs on Allah's revealed laws, which forbid interest-bearing transactions, exploitation, greed and injustice in all its forms and demand the worship of Allah alone to the exclusion of all false gods, including money and power."<ref name="cnn gadahn video" />
===2009–2013===
In May 2009, Gadahn appeared in a new al-Qaeda video.<ref name="cnn jewish" /> On December 12, 2009, Gadahn, in another English-language video titled "The Mujahideen Don't Target Muslims", claimed that the organization was being framed by the United States and Pakistan, and blamed the media for helping implicate al-Qaeda in a recent deadly string of attacks in Pakistan that killed hundreds of civilians.<ref name="conolences" /><ref name="deny kill civilians" /><ref name="google militant" />
In a video released on March 7, 2010, Gadahn called on Muslims in the West to follow in the footsteps of [[Nidal Hasan]], who committed the [[2009 Fort Hood shooting]]. In the video, titled "A Call to Arms," Gadahn encouraged Americans and other Muslims in the West to "prepare to play his due role in responding to and repelling the aggression of the enemies of Islam."<ref>Anti-Defamation League: [http://www.adl.org/terrorism/profiles/Adam_Gadahn/words.asp?m_flipmode=2 "Adam Gadahn: Al Qaeda's American Voice"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808194710/http://www.adl.org/terrorism/profiles/Adam_Gadahn/words.asp?m_flipmode=2 |date=August 8, 2010}} March 9, 2010</ref> Gadahn also provided advice on choosing high-value targets for potential terrorist attacks in America and the West, such as military installations and mass transportation systems, as well as symbols of capitalism, whose ruin could cripple the Western economy. Gadahn urged his followers to take action as soon as possible, explaining that "now" is the "golden, once in a lifetime opportunity to reap the rewards of jihad and martyrdom…so unsheath your sharpened sword and rush to take your rightful place among defiant champions of Islam."<ref>Anti-Defamation League: [http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/fort_hood_online_praise.htm "Fort Hood Shooting is Praised Online as Act of Heroism"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720094439/http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/fort_hood_online_praise.htm |date=July 20, 2012}} March 9, 2010</ref>
On June 21, 2010, a video press release was made in which Gadahn delivered guidelines for al-Qaeda/American peace. Some of the demands contained within the 24 minute message included withdrawal of US troops from Muslim lands and removal of US support for Israel.<ref>[https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5g_JBe70QtSzgxcmZWYlmjV7luvsgD9GF4GT00] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100625050909/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5g_JBe70QtSzgxcmZWYlmjV7luvsgD9GF4GT00|date=June 25, 2010}}</ref> This video also includes clips of Matthew Hoh and several other U.S. military veteran antiwar activists.
On September 29, 2010, in another video, Gadahn urged Muslims in Pakistan to join Islamist militants fighting their nation's rulers, saying that Islamabad's "sluggish and halfhearted" response to the recent floods underscored the government's indifference towards its constituents. Gadahn's remarks in the video echoed those of al-Qaida's second-in-command, Ayman al-Zawahri, in a similar posting on militant websites earlier that month, suggesting the terror organization had decided on a single, simple message to promote, following the floods that affected as many as 20 million people in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web|author=CHRIS BRUMMITT |agency=AP |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iV5gFpzxoNg53cD7Qy_IeFSHXaDgD9IHJGF80?docId=D9IHJGF80 |title=Al-Qaida US-born spokesman criticizes Pakistan |access-date=October 1, 2010}}{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
On October 23, 2010, in a 48-minute video posted on militant Islamist websites, Adam Gadahn directed his appeal to Muslim immigrants in what he called the "miserable suburbs" of Paris, London and Detroit, as well as those traveling to the West to study or work.<ref>[http://www.clickondetroit.com/news/25490434/detail.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026070620/http://www.clickondetroit.com/news/25490434/detail.html|date=October 26, 2010}}</ref>
On September 11, 2012, Gadahn appeared in a video marking the 11th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks.<ref>{{cite news | title=Al-Qaida releases 9/11 anniversary video | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20120912/ml-sept-11-anniversary-al-qaida/ | work=The Huffington Post | date=September 12, 2012 | access-date=September 12, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425175450/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20120912/ml-sept-11-anniversary-al-qaida/ | archive-date=April 25, 2015 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
On December 1, 2013, Gadahn denounced the capture of al-Qaeda operative [[Abu Anas al-Libi]] in an audio recording.<ref>{{cite web |first=Thomas |last=Joscelyn |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2013/12/analysis_al_qaeda_se.php |title=Analysis: Al Qaeda seeks to spin capture of top operative |publisher=The Long War Journal |date=December 1, 2013 |access-date=June 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814222524/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2013/12/analysis_al_qaeda_se.php |archive-date=August 14, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===2014===
On March 29, 2014, an unpublished video was leaked by the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] that showed Gadahn condemning ISIL and calling them extremists.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jihadology.net/2014/03/29/member-of-islamic-state-of-iraq-and-al-sham-leaks-unpublished-video-message-from-adam-gadahan-islamic-state-of-iraq-and-al-sham-extremists/ |title=Member of Islamic State and al-Sham Leaks Unpublished Video Message from Adam Gadahan: "Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham: Extremists" |publisher=Jihadology |access-date=August 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923090348/https://jihadology.net/2014/03/29/member-of-islamic-state-of-iraq-and-al-sham-leaks-unpublished-video-message-from-adam-gadahan-islamic-state-of-iraq-and-al-sham-extremists/ |archive-date=September 23, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Pursuit and death==
===Reports of capture===
On March 7, 2010, it was reported that Gadahn had been captured in Karachi, Pakistan in late February 2010,<ref name="DailyNews"/><ref name="TheNation"/> shortly after another video came out in which he called on Muslims serving in the U.S. armed forces to emulate the actions of [[Nidal Hasan]].<ref name="dawn"/> His arrest was not immediately confirmed by United States officials.<ref name="Huff arrest"/> Gadahn was said to have been arrested in [[Karachi]] by Pakistani intelligence officers<ref name="Huff arrest"/> during the course of a raid on a house located by the Super Highway.<ref name="DailyNews"/> Pakistan's Dawn News reported on March 7 that this likely occurred in [[Sohrab Goth]], a major [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] area in northern Karachi.<ref name="abu yahya"/>
Senior American officials informed ''[[The New York Times]]'' that the individual arrested was not Gadahn.<ref name="NYTIMES not Gadahn"/><ref name="arrested not Gadahn"/> Subsequent reports indicated the individual arrested was Abu Yahya Mujahdeen Al-Adam, who was born in [[Pennsylvania]] and may have been confused with Gadahn.<ref name="Amer operative arrested"/> The confusion was apparently caused by an alias of Gadahn's that is similar to the name of the arrested individual.<ref name="NYTIMES not Gadahn"/> An unnamed Pakistani intelligence officer explained, "The resemblance of the name initially caused confusion but now they have concluded he is not Gadahn."<ref name="NYTIMES not Gadahn"/> Al-Adam, the arrested individual, was described by an American official as "fair-skinned" and able to speak both English and [[Pashto language|Pashto]] and is believed to be connected to the operations division of al-Qaeda.<ref name="Amer operative arrested" /> While a Pakistani security official said "he was apparently an American al Qaeda operative",<ref name="dawn"/> it is unknown whether al-Adam is an American citizen.<ref name="Huff arrest"/><ref name="Amer operative arrested"/> The Pakistani intelligence officer described the arrested individual as "proud to be a member of al-Qaida."<ref name="NYTIMES not Gadahn"/> The BBC reported an additional identification of the arrested as Egyptian-American Abu Yahya Azam.<ref name="BBC commander"/>
===Reports of death===
In February 2008, Pakistani news sources reported rumors that Gadahn had been killed by a missile fired by a [[General Atomics MQ-1 Predator]] drone, in the strike that killed al-Qaeda leader [[Abu Laith al-Libi]].<ref name="gadahn killed?"/><ref name="missing"/><ref name="jawa"/> On March 2, an al-Qaeda spokesperson claimed that Gadahn was alive,<ref name="jawa alive"/><ref name="nation"/> but the rumor of Gadahn's death was fueled by a considerable drop in the quality of recent al-Qaeda videos from [[As-Sahab]].<ref name="jawa dead or live"/><ref name="janes quiet american"/>
Mansfield wrote: "Normally important messages from Zawahiri contain linguistic indications that they were translated by Adam Gadahn. Gadahn’s translation style is noticeably absent from this video, giving more credence to open source reports from Pakistan regarding the possible death of Gadahn in an American air strike.{{notetag|There are other plausible explanations for Gadahn's absence from the scene; it is noteworthy that in one of the videos in which Gadahn appeared he quipped that ripping up his passport would not hinder his ability to travel."<ref name="mansfield"/>}}
On September 7, 2008, the ''Sunday Telegraph'' reported that Gadahn may have been killed by a Predator attack in January 2008 in Waziristan.<ref name="telegraph dead?" /> This was reported by ''[[The Orange County Register]]''<ref name="ocregdead"/> and [[KABC-TV]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="abc local killed?"/>
On October 4, 2008, a video by Gadahn appeared on the website of the [[As-Sahab|As-Sahab Foundation for Media Production]].<ref name="us rules pak"/>
===Death===
On April 23, 2015, White House Press Secretary [[Josh Earnest]] released a statement announcing that Gadahn had been killed in a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] [[Drone strikes in Pakistan|drone strike in Pakistan]] on January 19, 2015.<ref name="GadahnKilled"/> President [[Barack Obama]] announced that, in a separate drone strike that killed American al-Qaeda leader [[Ahmed Farouq]], hostage aid workers [[Giovanni Lo Porto]] and [[Warren Weinstein]] were killed as [[collateral damage]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/warren-weinstein-adam-gadahn-killed-u-s-operation-n346861|title=Americans Warren Weinstein and Adam Gadahn Killed in U.S. Drone Strikes|work=NBC News|date=April 23, 2015|access-date=April 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423141814/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/warren-weinstein-adam-gadahn-killed-u-s-operation-n346861|archive-date=April 23, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Discography==
===Studio albums===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Label
! Note
|- style="font-style:italic;"
| rowspan="2" style="font-style:normal;" | 1994
| Delirium: 7 Hallucinatory Interludes, Op. 2<br />
| (not on label)
| style="font-style:normal;" |
|-
| style="font-style:italic;" | Nonrelativistic Quantum Mechanics/Larm
| FDR Tapes
| Split with EHI<br />
|}
===Compilations===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Track title
! Compilation
! Label<br />
|- style="font-style:italic;"
| rowspan="2" style="font-style:normal;" | 1995
| rowspan="2" | Regarding Various Insipid Debates On The Innate Logical Value Of Certain Religious Beliefs And Practices (Ver. 1)<br />
| rowspan="2" | Solitude Is The Future
| rowspan="2" style="font-style:normal;" | FDR Tapes
|-
|}
==See also==
{{Portal|United States|Biography}}
*[[Americans in Pakistan]]
* [[D.C. Five]] – detention of five Americans in Pakistan (Dec. 2009)
*[[Michael Finton]], American convert to Islam, attempted September 2009 bombing of U.S. target with FBI agent he thought was al-Qaeda member
*[[Sharif Mobley]], American suspected al-Qaeda member, arrested in Yemen in 2010 and suspected of killing guard in escape attempt
*[[Aafia Siddiqui]], alleged al-Qaeda member, former U.S. resident, convicted in 2010 of attempting to kill U.S. personnel
*[[Bryant Neal Vinas]], American convert to Islam, convicted in 2009 of participating in/supporting al-Qaeda plots in Afghanistan and the U.S.
*[[Najibullah Zazi]], al-Qaeda member, U.S. resident, pleaded guilty in 2010 of planning suicide bombings on New York City subway system
*[[Naser Jason Abdo]], allegedly attempted to bomb a Fort Hood restaurant in 2011.
*[[Anwar al-Awlaki]], American born Islamist cleric.
*[[United States v. Hasan K. Akbar|Hasan K. Akbar]], American Muslim convert convicted of the double-murder of two U.S. Army officers.
{{Clear}}
==Notes==
{{notefoot}}
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="abc local killed?">{{cite web |url= https://abc7.com/archive/6377705/ |title= Al-Qaeda spokesman from O.C. may have been killed |date= September 8, 2009 |website= abc7.com |access-date= January 26, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081206131304/http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=news%2Fworld_news&id=6377705 |archive-date= December 6, 2008 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="ABC unmasked">{{cite news |last1= Ross |first1= Brian |last2= Scott |first2= David |date= November 9, 2004 |url= https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=239727 |title= American Al Qaeda unmasked? |work= [[ABC World News Tonight]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050911031216/https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=239727 |archive-date= September 11, 2005 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="abu yahya">{{cite web |url= http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/22-intelligence-agencies-arrested-al-Qaeda-commander-abu-yahya-in-karachi-03-aj |title= Pakistan | Top Al Qaeda leader reported held in Karachi |work= Dawn |___location= Pakistan |access-date= March 8, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100309114113/http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/22-intelligence-agencies-arrested-al-Qaeda-commander-abu-yahya-in-karachi-03-aj |archive-date= March 9, 2010 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Amer operative arrested">{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/08/world/asia/08qaeda.html?src=twt&twt=nytimes |title= American Qaeda operative arrested in Pakistan |date= March 7, 2010 |newspaper= The New York Times |access-date= March 7, 2010 |first1= Jane |last1= Perlez |first2= Eric |last2= Schmitt |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181126104234/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/08/world/asia/08qaeda.html?src=twt&twt=nytimes |archive-date= November 26, 2018 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="arrested not Gadahn" >{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/07/adam-gadahn-arrested-al-q_n_489124.html |title= Adam Gadahn may not be in U.S. custody |first1= Patrick |last1= Quinn |first2= Maamoun |last2= Youssef |first3= Rick |last3= Callahan |first4= Devlin |last4= Barrett |first5= Andrew |last5= Dalton |date= March 7, 2010 |work= The Huffington Post |access-date= March 9, 2010 |first6= Alexander |last6= Belenky |display-authors= 2 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100309181243/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/07/adam-gadahn-arrested-al-q_n_489124.html |archive-date= March 9, 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>
<ref name="ashcroft">{{cite web |url= http://www.cnn.com/2004/US/05/26/terror.threat.transcript/ |title= Transcript: Ashcroft, Mueller news conference |publisher= CNN |date= May 26, 2004 |access-date= June 14, 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060219133949/http://www.cnn.com/2004/US/05/26/terror.threat.transcript/ |archive-date= February 19, 2006 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="azzam is gadahn">{{cite news |last1= LaJeunesse |first1= William |date= October 29, 2004 |url= https://www.foxnews.com/story/officials-believe-azzam-is-gadahn |title= Officials believe 'Azzam' is Gadahn |work= [[Fox News Channel|Foxnews.com]] |display-authors= etal |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070806075516/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,137087,00.html |archive-date= August 6, 2007 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="BBC commander" >{{cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8554707.stm |title= Pakistan 'detains al-Qaeda commander' |date= March 8, 2010 |work= BBC News |access-date= March 9, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100309030814/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8554707.stm | archive-date= March 9, 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>
<ref name="BERNHARD" >{{cite book |last= Bernhard |first= Brendan |title= White Muslims: From LA to New York … to Jihad? |publisher= Melville House Publishing |___location= Hoboken, NJ |year= 2006 |pages= 54–5 }}</ref>
<ref name="blotter">{{cite web |url= http://blogs.abcnews.com/theblotter/2007/07/al-Qaeda-leader.html |work= The Blotter |title= Al Qaeda leader on the web again – instant messaging next? |publisher= abcnews.com |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110828015955/http://blogs.abcnews.com/theblotter/2007/07/al-qaeda-leader.html |archive-date= August 28, 2011 |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="bom" >{{cite web |last= Gadahn |first= Adam Yahiye |year= 1995 |access-date= December 4, 2010 |url= http://www.islamicnetwork.com/index.php/weblog/comments/yahiye_adam_gadahns_conversion_story/ |archive-url= https://archive.today/20100529131938/http://www.islamicnetwork.com/index.php/weblog/comments/yahiye_adam_gadahns_conversion_story/ |url-status= dead |archive-date= May 29, 2010 |title= Becoming Muslim |publisher= Islamic Network }}</ref>
<ref name="cbn">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbn.com/CBNnews/167109.aspx |title=American al-Qaeda warns of worse attacks |website=cbn.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210061510/http://www.cbn.com/CBNnews/167109.aspx |archive-date=December 10, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="cnn gadahn video">{{cite web |url= http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/10/04/gadahn.video/index.html |title= 'Azzam the American' releases video focusing on Pakistan |website= cnn.com |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081005104808/http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/10/04/gadahn.video/index.html |archive-date= October 5, 2008 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="cnn jewish">{{cite news |url= http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/06/13/american.qaeda.message/index.html |title= American al Qaeda member acknowledges Jewish ancestry |publisher= CNN |date= June 13, 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090615092410/http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/06/13/american.qaeda.message/index.html |archive-date= June 15, 2009 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="conolences">{{cite news |url= http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/12/12/afghanistan.alqaeda/index.html |title= Al Qaeda offers 'condolences' for innocent victims |publisher= [[CNN]] |date= December 12, 2009 |access-date= December 12, 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091214195954/http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/12/12/afghanistan.alqaeda/index.html |archive-date= December 14, 2009 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="DailyNews" >{{cite news |url= http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/2010/03/07/2010-03-07_american_al_qaeda_terrorist_adam_gadahn_aka_azzam_the_american_arrested_in_pakis.html |title= American Al Qaeda terrorist Adam Gadahn, aka 'Azzam the American', arrested in Pakistan |last= Kennedy |first= Helen |date= March 7, 2010 |newspaper= [[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |access-date= March 7, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100309133545/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/2010/03/07/2010-03-07_american_al_qaeda_terrorist_adam_gadahn_aka_azzam_the_american_arrested_in_pakis.html |archive-date= March 9, 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>
<ref name="daily telegraph">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/09/09/wladen109.xml |title=US loner helps bin Laden to taunt Bush |last=Shipman |first=Tim |date=September 10, 2007 |access-date=June 13, 2008 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |___location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419032514/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F09%2F09%2Fwladen109.xml |archive-date=April 19, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="dawn">{{cite news |url= http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/world/22-al-Qaeda-calls-on-us-muslims-to-attack-america-02-aj |title= Al-Qaeda calls on US Muslims to attack America |date= March 7, 2010 |work= Dawn |access-date= March 7, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100413212911/http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/world/22-al-Qaeda-calls-on-us-muslims-to-attack-america-02-aj |archive-date= April 13, 2010 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="deny kill civilians">{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/feedarticle/8853722 |title= Al-Qaida denies killing civilians in Pakistan |agency= [[Associated Press|AP]] |newspaper= [[The Guardian]] |date= December 12, 2009 |access-date= December 16, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150927211830/http://www.theguardian.com/world/feedarticle/8853722 |archive-date= September 27, 2015 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="family security">{{cite web |url= http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/publications/id.154/pub_detail.asp |work= Family Security Matters |title= Where's the beef? Mystery grows surrounding whereabouts of Adam Gadahn |access-date= June 18, 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080521194510/http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/publications/id.154/pub_detail.asp |archive-date= May 21, 2008 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="FBI terrorinfo">{{cite web |url= https://www.fbi.gov/terrorinfo/gadahn.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20040606131642/http://www.fbi.gov/terrorinfo/gadahn.htm |archive-date= June 6, 2004 |title= Seeking Information Alert for Adam Yahiye Gadahn |work= FBI Seeking Information – War on Terrorism |publisher= fbi.gov }}</ref>
<ref name="google militant" >{{cite web |url= https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gOWNt9h5JgndGfDUO_5e6SMnyOZA |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091217034815/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gOWNt9h5JgndGfDUO_5e6SMnyOZA |url-status= dead |archive-date= December 17, 2009 |title= Al-Qaeda 'not behind Pakistan bloodshed': US militant |work= [[Agence France-Presse]] |date= December 12, 2009}}</ref>
<ref name="Huff arrest" >{{cite news |url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/07/adam-gadahn-arrested-al-q_n_489124.html |title= Adam Gadahn arrested: Al Qaeda's American spokesman arrested in Pakistan |last= Khan |first= Ashraf |date= March 7, 2010 |work= The Huffington Post |access-date= March 7, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100309181243/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/07/adam-gadahn-arrested-al-q_n_489124.html |archive-date= March 9, 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>
<ref name="janes quiet american" >{{cite web |url= http://jir.janes.com/public/jir/index.shtml |title= The quiet American – tracing the whereabouts of Adam Gadahn |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
<ref name="jawa">{{cite web |url= http://mypetjawa.mu.nu/archives/191119.php |work= [[The Jawa Report]] |title= American al Qaeda, Adam Gadahn, dead? <!-- Bot generated title --> |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080214160536/http://mypetjawa.mu.nu/archives/191119.php |archive-date= February 14, 2008 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="jawa dead or live">{{cite web |url= http://mypetjawa.mu.nu/archives/192990.php |work= The Jawa Report |title= Dead or alive? US looking for Adam Gadahn |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081208001555/http://mypetjawa.mu.nu/archives/192990.php |archive-date= December 8, 2008 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2015}}
<ref name="jawa alive">{{cite web |url= http://mypetjawa.mu.nu/archives/191541.php |title= Bad news: Al Qaeda claims traitor Adam Gadahn is Alive |work= The Jawa Report |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081208001524/http://mypetjawa.mu.nu/archives/191541.php |archive-date= December 8, 2008 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2015}}
<ref name="jazeera convert">{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/3CEAF7CA-B984-4E18-A1D2-2691D4A761E9.htm |work=Al Jazeera English |title=Al-Qaeda urges Americans to convert |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060904032922/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/3CEAF7CA-B984-4E18-A1D2-2691D4A761E9.htm |archive-date=September 4, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="knowledge">{{cite web |url= http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2227985208017300997# |title= Knowledge Is For Acting Upon – The Manhattan Raid – Part 1 |website= [[Google News]] |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110417181109/http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2227985208017300997 |archive-date= April 17, 2011 |df= mdy-all }}{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2015}}<br />
{{cite web |url= http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2227985208017300997#docid=-1585902606450540249 |title= Knowledge Is For Acting Upon – The Manhattan Raid – Part 2 |website= [[Google News]] |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110417181109/http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2227985208017300997#docid=-1585902606450540249 |archive-date= April 17, 2011 |df= mdy-all }}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2015}}
<ref name="mansfield">{{cite web |url= http://www.lauramansfield.com/subscribers/ |website= LauraMansfield.com |title= Strategic Translations Subscribers Area<!-- Bot generated title --> |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080611055143/http://www.lauramansfield.com/subscribers/ |archive-date= June 11, 2008 |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="memri">{{cite web |url= http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP120106 |title= MEMRI: Special Dispatch Series – No. 1201 |access-date= July 18, 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060719112913/http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP120106 |archive-date= July 19, 2006 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="missing">{{cite web|url=http://deepbackground.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2008/02/07/647724.aspx |title=American al-Qaida member missing? |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208172307/http://deepbackground.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2008/02/07/647724.aspx |archive-date=December 8, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="myzine video">{{cite web |url= http://www.myzine.com/play.php?pid=10094 |title= Al-Qaeda video warning to US by American Adam Gadahn |website= MyZine.com |access-date= May 30, 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070930082656/http://www.myzine.com/play.php?pid=10094 |archive-date= September 30, 2007 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="nation">{{cite news|url=http://www.nation.com.pk/daily/mar-2008/2/index6.php |work=The Nation |title=Taliban end ceasefire |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305195113/http://www.nation.com.pk/daily/mar-2008/2/index6.php |archive-date=March 5, 2008 }}</ref>
<!--
<ref name="nctc">{{cite web|url=http://www.nctc.gov/site/profiles/gadahn.html |title=Adam Yahiye Gadahn – Multimedia Counterterrorism Calendar |website=nctc.gov |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530020724/http://www.nctc.gov/site/profiles/gadahn.html |archive-date=May 30, 2009 }}</ref>
-->
<ref name="NEWYORKER">{{cite magazine |url= http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/01/22/070122fa_fact_khatchadourian?currentPage=all |title= Azzam The American: The making of an Al Qaeda homegrown |magazine= [[The New Yorker]] |last= Khatchadourian |first= Raffi |date= January 22, 2007 |access-date= January 22, 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080616165601/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/01/22/070122fa_fact_khatchadourian?currentPage=all |archive-date= June 16, 2008 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="NYTIMES not Gadahn">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2010/03/08/world/AP-AS-Pakistan-Al-Qaida-Arrest.html?_r=1 |title=Pakistan: American al-Qaida suspect nabbed |date=March 8, 2010 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=March 9, 2010 }}</ref>
<ref name="gadahn killed?">{{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=12798 |title=American al-Qaeda leader also killed? |work=The News |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208073353/http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=12798 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="obama victory">{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/20/world/middleeast/20qaeda.html?_r=2&hp |title= Al Qaeda coldly acknowledges Obama victory |date= November 19, 2008 |newspaper= The New York Times |access-date= March 11, 2010 |first1= Mark |last1= Mazzetti |first2= Scott |last2= Shane |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180815032343/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/20/world/middleeast/20qaeda.html?_r=2&hp |archive-date= August 15, 2018 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="pipes">{{cite web |url= http://www.danielpipes.org/blog/661 |title= Al-Qaeda invites me to join its ranks |website= danielpipes.org |first= Daniel |last= Pipes |date= September 2, 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061002173258/http://www.danielpipes.org/blog/661 |archive-date= October 2, 2006 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="ocregdead">{{cite web |url=http://www.ocregister.com/news/gadahn-167831-year-reports.html |title=Is al-Qaida spokesman from O.C. dead? |first=Doug |last=Irving |work=Orange County Register |date=September 8, 2008 |access-date=June 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930103632/http://www.ocregister.com/news/gadahn-167831-year-reports.html |archive-date=September 30, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="reward for justice">{{cite web|url=http://www.rewardsforjustice.net/english/index.cfm?page=gadahn |title=Wanted: Adam Yahiye Gadahn. Up to $1 million reward |publisher=Rewards for Justice |access-date=June 13, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206092751/http://www.rewardsforjustice.net/english/index.cfm?page=gadahn |archive-date=December 6, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="telegraph dead?">{{cite news |last= Meo |first= Nick |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/onthefrontline/2695294/al-Qaedas-American-born-propaganda-chief-may-have-died-in-predator-attack.html |title= Al-Qa'eda's American-born propaganda chief may have died in predator attack |date= September 7, 2008 |newspaper= [[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date= April 2, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171110004232/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/onthefrontline/2695294/Al-Qaedas-American-born-propaganda-chief-may-have-died-in-predator-attack.html |archive-date= November 10, 2017 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }}.</ref>
<ref name="TheNation">{{cite news |url= https://www.nation.com.pk/08-Mar-2010/top-qaeda-commander-arrested-in-karachi |title= Top Qaeda commander arrested in Karachi |last= Khan |first= Mansoor |date= March 8, 2010 |work= The Nation |___location= Pakistan |access-date= March 8, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120401132201/http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Politics/08-Mar-2010/Top-Qaeda-commander-arrested-in-Karachi |archive-date= April 1, 2012 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="us attacks">{{cite news |last= Ross |first= Brian |date= September 11, 2005 |url= https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Investigation/story?id=1115448&page=1 |title= Alleged American Al Qaeda warns of U.S. attacks |work= [[ABC World News Tonight]] |access-date= September 11, 2005 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050911132434/https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Investigation/story?id=1115448&page=1 |archive-date= September 11, 2005 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="wargs">{{cite web |url= http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/r/i/c/Randal-Richardson-/FILE/0005page.html |title= Christian Family Chronicles |website= familytreemaker.genealogy.com |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100313025230/http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/r/i/c/Randal-Richardson-/FILE/0005page.html |archive-date= March 13, 2010 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2015}}
<ref name="us rules pak">{{cite news |url= http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-35795620081004 |work= Reuters |title= American Qaeda figure says U.S. still runs Pakistan |date= October 4, 2008 |access-date= October 6, 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081206233936/http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-35795620081004 |archive-date= December 6, 2008 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="WPCONVERTS">{{cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/14/AR2007091402265.html |title= Converts To Islam Move Up In Cells : Arrests in Europe Illuminate Shift |last= Whitlock |first= Craig |newspaper= The Washington Post |page= A10 |date= September 15, 2007 |access-date= June 13, 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170417201159/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/14/AR2007091402265.html |archive-date= April 17, 2017 |url-status= live |df= mdy-all }}</ref>
<!--<ref name="blotter hunt" >Sauer, Maddy. [http://www.abcnews.go.com/Blotter/story?id=4978392&page=1 The Hunt for American al Qaeda] ABC News, June 2, 2008.</ref>-->
<!--<ref name="FoxNews treason" >[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,219861,00.html American to Be Indicted for Treason] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202085935/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,219861,00.html |date=February 2, 2011 }}, Fox News Channel, October 12, 2006</ref>-->
<!--<ref name="google1" >[https://archive.today/20130124122020/http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5gK58TtFcK5Ug__TayDb5xc2t-o5AD9121UB00Associated Press]</ref>-->
<!-- <ref name="LATimes Jewish roots" >[http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2009/06/american-al-Qaeda-adam-gadahn-talks-about-jewish-southern-california-roots-in-new-video.html American Al Qaeda member Adam Gadahn tells of Jewish roots in video {{!}} L.A. NOW {{!}} Los Angeles Times]</ref> -->
<!--<ref name="smoke out">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080614205115/http://deepbackground.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2008/06/13/1139034.aspx U.S. tries to smoke out accused terrorist Adam Gadahn – Deep Background –msnbc.com] </ref>-->
<!--<ref name="haaretz">[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1092707.html American Al-Qaida member acknowledges his Jewish roots – Haaretz – Israel News]</ref>-->
}}
==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20161222183441/https://www2.fbi.gov/wanted/terrorists/gadahn_a.htm Adam Yahiye Gadahn] – profile at [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] ''Most Wanted Terrorists'' website
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20161225050737/https://www2.fbi.gov/page2/oct04/seekinfo103004.htm 'Azzam the American] – FBI "seeking information" page 2004-10-30
*Caruso, Michelle and Siemaszko, Corky (May 27, 2004) "[https://web.archive.org/web/20050308202314/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/wn_report/story/197314p-170427c.html A long way from Calif. goat farm]", ''[[Daily News (New York)|New York Daily News]]''
<!--*Stark, Annette (September 9, 2004) "{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20041011021630/http://www.lacitybeat.com/article.php?id=1212&IssueNum=66 Peace, Love, Death Metal]}}", ''L.A. City Beat''
*Stark, Annette (November 4, 2004) "{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20041117232941/http://www.lacitybeat.com/article.php?id=1357&IssueNum=74 Threats, Lies, and Videotape]}}", ''L.A. City Beat''-->
*Argetsinger, Amy (December 2, 2004) "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A26447-2004Dec1.html Muslim Teen Made Conversion to Fury]", ''[[The Washington Post|Washington Post]]''
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070601165856/http://blogs.abcnews.com/theblotter/2007/05/new_tape_old_th.html "New Tape, Old Threats From American al Qaeda"]. ''ABC News, The Blotter''. May 29, 2007.
<!--*[https://archive.today/20130103231011/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23718506 "Why the West can't infiltrate al-Qaida"] by [http://projects.washingtonpost.com/staff/articles/craig+whitlock/ Craig Whitlock] of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' March 20, 2008
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080626065029/http://www.jamestown.org/terrorism/news/article.php?articleid=2373449 "Al-Qaeda's American Recruit Releases Something Entirely New"], by [[Michael Scheuer]], Terrorism Focus vol. 4 issue 17, [[The Jamestown Foundation]], June 5, 2007-->
*[http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/adam-gadahn-and-al-qaedas-internet-strategy "Adam Gadahn and Al-Qaeda's Internet Strategy"], by George Michael, Middle East Policy, vol 16 issue 3, pp. 135–152, [[Middle East Policy Council]], September 14, 2009, {{doi|10.1111/j.1475-4967.2009.00409.x}}
===Videos===
*[http://hotair.com/archives/2006/09/07/breaking-degenerate-traitor-adam-gadahn-indicted-for-terrorism/ Breaking: Adam Gadahn indicted for terrorism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930092315/http://hotair.com/archives/2006/09/07/breaking-degenerate-traitor-adam-gadahn-indicted-for-terrorism/ |date=September 30, 2013 }} September 7, 2006
*[http://hotair.com/archives/2006/10/11/breaking-adam-gadahn-to-be-charged-with-treason/ Breaking: Adam Gadahn to be charged with treason] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928035820/http://hotair.com/archives/2006/10/11/breaking-adam-gadahn-to-be-charged-with-treason/ |date=September 28, 2013 }} October 11, 2006
*[http://hotair.com/archives/2006/09/02/video-al-Qaeda-tells-us-to-convert-or-die/ Video: Al Qaeda tells U.S. to convert or die] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326015035/http://hotair.com/archives/2006/09/02/video-al-Qaeda-tells-us-to-convert-or-die/ |date=March 26, 2009 }} September 2, 2006
{{AmericanTerrorism|state=collapsed}}
{{Al-Qaeda}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:Al-Qaeda propagandists]]
[[Category:American al-Qaeda members]]
[[Category:American defectors]]
[[Category:American emigrants to Pakistan]]
[[Category:American former Protestants]]
[[Category:American people convicted of assault]]
[[Category:American people of Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Converts to Sunni Islam from Protestantism]]
[[Category:Deaths by American drone strikes in Pakistan]]
[[Category:FBI Most Wanted Terrorists]]
[[Category:People from Riverside County, California]]
[[Category:Assassinated al-Qaeda leaders]]
[[Category:Al-Qaeda leaders]]
[[Category:People from Santa Ana, California]]
[[Category:Noise musicians]]
[[Category:People charged with treason]]
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