Java view technologies and frameworks: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Programming language and libraries}}

'''Java view technologies and frameworks''' are [[web-based]] [[software libraries]] that provide the [[user interface]], or "[[Model–view–controller|view-layer]]", of [[Java (programming language)|Java]] [[web application]]s. Such [[application framework]]s are used for defining [[web page]]s and handling the [[HTTP]] [[List of HTTP header fields#Requests|requests]] (clicks) generated by those web pages. As a sub-category of [[web framework]]s, view-layer frameworks often overlap to varying degrees with web frameworks that provide other functionality for Java web applications.

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{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Action-based frameworks:

| [[Apache Struts]], [[Spring Framework|Spring MVC]]

|-

! Component-based frameworks:

| [[Apache Click]], [[Apache Tapestry]], [[Apache Wicket]], [[JavaServerJakarta Faces]]

|-

! Web template systems:

| [[Apache Tiles]], [[SiteMesh]], [[Thymeleaf]]

|-

|}

* [[JavaServerJakarta Faces]] (JSF), [[Apache Tapestry]] and [[Apache Wicket]] are competing component-based technologies, abstracting the [[Stateless protocol|stateless]] HTTP request-response cycle and the [[JavaJakarta Servlet]] [[API]] behind an [[Object-oriented programming|object-oriented]], event-driven component model.

* In contrast, Struts and the [[Spring Framework|Spring MVC Framework]] are action-oriented frameworks that provide a thinner [[abstraction layer]] over the servlet [[API]].

* Apache Tiles is a templating framework designed to work with Struts.

* [[Facelets]] is a view definition and templating technology designed to work with JSF.

* [[SiteMesh]] can be used with any [[JavaServerJakarta Server Pages|JSPJakarta Pages]] (JSP).

* Facelets, Tapestry and Wicket have their own templating approaches based on [[HTML]]/[[XHTML]].

* [[Apache Click]] uses HTML based [[Apache Velocity]] templates and [[Plainplain Oldold Java Objectobject]]s (POJOs), with [[JavaServer Pages]]JSP optional.

==Servlet API==

{{main article | JavaJakarta Servlet API}}

The Servlet API is the foundation of almost all Java Web View technologies. Servlet provides the basic mechanism for writing Java [[Classclass (computer programming)|classesclass]]es for web applications. Servlets can respond to HTTP requests, create cookies and maintain sessions.

==JavaServerJakarta Pages (JSP) ==

{{main article |Jakarta JavaServerServer Pages}}

* Built on top of the Servlet API, JSP provides a document-centric, tag-based templates, server programming model which can generate many forms of textual content.

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==Apache Struts==

{{main article | Apache Struts 2}}

* Struts provides for a [[Couplingcoupling (computer programming)|decoupling]] of the Controller and the View.

* Requests are received by a Java Class (Controller) which can decide which View to display.

* The actual View can be written in different view technologies, like JSP, free marker template, velocity template etc.

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==Apache Tapestry==

{{main article | Apache Tapestry}}

* A component-based view framework.

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* Changed component classes are live-reloaded into running application for faster development.

* Uses the [[Post/Redirect/Get]] navigation pattern for form submission.

* '''Competitor''': Wicket, JSF, HybridJava

==Apache Tiles==

{{see also |d:Special:EntityPage/Q28912908|l1=Apache Tiles}}

* This is an HTML templating framework based on the [[composite pattern]].

* It allows for the HTML page to be broken up into multiple "pagelets", called Templates, Definitions and Composing pages.

* At [[runtime (program lifecycle phase)|runtime]] the pagelets are stitched together to generate the final HTML. Pages are written in JSP.

* '''Competitor''': SiteMesh

==Apache Wicket==

{{main article | Apache Wicket}}

* A component-based view framework.

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* Compared to JSPs, enforces a clear separation of [[HTML element|HTML markup]] and Java code.

* Web page components are 'pushed' into the HTML markup from the code.

* '''Competitor''': Tapestry, JSF, HybridJava

==JavaServerJakarta Faces (JSF) and Facelets==

{{main article | JavaServerJakarta Faces | Facelets}}

* A specification for component-based view frameworks.

* [[Eclipse Mojarra]] and [[Apache MyFaces]] implementations are available

* Typically uses Facelets for XML/XHTML-based templating.

* Classes are written as POJOs, with Annotations or XML configuration files used to associate them with page and component templates.

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==SiteMesh==

{{main article | SiteMesh}}

* SiteMesh is an HTML templating framework based on the "Decoration" model.

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==Spark==

{{main article | Spark (software)}}

* Spark a micro web framework built around a simple routing system

* It runs on an embedded [[Jetty (web server)|Jetty]] web server by default, but can be configured to run on other webservers.

* It supports three different templates engines: [[Apache Velocity | Velocity]], [[FreeMarker]] and [[Mustache (template_systemtemplate system) | Mustache]]

* It aims to facilitate rapid development, and does not make use of annotations or proprietary solutions.

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==See also==

{{Portal|JavaComputer (programming language)}}

* [[List of web service frameworks]]

* [[List of Java frameworks]]

* [http://java.sun.com/products/servlet/ Java Servlet Technology ]

* [http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/ JavaServer Pages Technology]

* [http://struts.apache.org/2.1.6/docs/home.html Apache Struts 2 Documentation]

* [http://tiles.apache.org/ Apache Tiles]

* [http://incubator.apache.org/click/ Click Framework Project Documentation]

* [http://wicket.apache.org/ Apache Wicket]

* [http://tapestry.apache.org/ Tapestry Home Page]

* [http://www.hybridjava.com/ HybridJava Home Page]

* [http://sparkjava.com/ Spark Home Page]

* [[List of Java Frameworks|List of Java technologies]]

[[Category:Java (programming language)]]