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Line 1: {{Multiple issues\| {{notability\|date=July 2019}} {{more citations needed\|date=July 2019}} }} [[File:Orsn-logo320px.png\|thumb\|Open Root Server Network logo]] '''Open Root Server Network''' ('''ORSN''') iswas a network of [[Domain Name System]] [[root nameserver]]s for the [[Internet]]. ORSN [[DNS root zone]] information ~~is normally~~was kept in synchronization with the "official" [[Domain Name System]] [[root nameserver]]s coordinated by [[ICANN]]. The networks ~~are thus~~were 100% compatible, though ORSN iswas operated independently. The ORSN servers ~~are~~were primarily placed in [[Europe]]. ORSN is also used by public name servers, providing [[Domain Name System]] access freely for everyone, without any limitation until the project closed in May 2019. ORSN was primarily started to reduce the over-dependence of Internet users on the United States and [[Department of Commerce]]/[[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority\|IANA]]/[[ICANN]]/[[VeriSign]], limit the control over the Internet that this gives, while ensuring that [[___domain name]]s remain unambiguous. ~~And~~It toalso helps avoid the technical possibility of global "Internet shutdown" by one party.<ref>~~http~~{{Cite web\|url=https://tfl09.blogspot.hucom/2006/09/orsn-european-open-root-server-network.html\|title=Under The Stairs: ORSN – European Open Root Server Network\|date=September 19, 2006}}</ref> They also expect their network to make ___domain name resolutions faster for everyone. ~~They also expect their network to make ___domain name resolutions faster for everyone.~~ [[Markus Grundmann]], based in Germany, is the founder of ORSN, and author of ORSN distributed system management and monitoring software solution. [[Paul Vixie]], the main designer of [[BIND]], the ~~[[UNIX]]~~ [[de facto standard]] software for [[DNS server]]s in [[UNIX]]-like operating systems, is a high-profile proponent of the ORSN.<ref>[{{Cite web\|url=http://www.circleid.com/posts/why_i_am_participating_in_the_orsn_project /\|title=Why I Am Participating in the ORSN Project~~, by~~\|website=www.circleid.com}}</ref> Paul Vixie is member of Security and Stability Advisory Committee of [[ICANN]];<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.icann.org/groups/ssac\|title=Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC) - ICANN\|website=www.icann.org}}</ref> he served on the board of trustees of the [[American Registry for Internet Numbers]] (ARIN) from 2005 to 2013, also as ARIN chairman in 2009 and 2010.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.arin.net/about/welcome/board/former/\|title=Former Trustees\|website=www.arin.net}}</ref> Paul Vixie is member of Security and Stability Advisory Committee of [[ICANN]],<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/committees/security/ ICANN SSAC Membership]</ref> he served on the Board of Trustees of the [[American Registry for Internet Numbers]] (ARIN) from 2005 to 2013, also as ARIN chairman in 2009 and 2010.<ref>[https://www.arin.net/about_us/bot_former.html Former Members of ARIN Board of Trustees]</ref> ~~'''~~ORSN has 2two operating modes:~~'''~~ * ICANN BASED (default) operating mode involves daily synchronization, except that removed [[Top-level ___domain\|TLD]]s are not removed from the ORSN root. * INDEPENDENT mode has no automatic synchronization and is activated "whenever the political situation of the world - in our opinion - makes this step necessary because the possibility of a modification and/or a downtime of the ICANN root zone exists or we do not want that our root zone will rebuild automatically."<ref>[http://www.orsn.org/faq.php ORSN FAQ]</ref> == Operating history == ORSN operated from February 2002 until the end of 2008.<ref>{{cite mailing list \|last=Vixie \|first=Paul \|~~authorlink~~author-link=Paul Vixie \|title=Open Root Server Network project shutdown by 31.12.2008 00:00 UTC \|~~mailinglist~~mailing-list=dns-operations \|date=2008-10-23 \|url=~~http~~https://lists.dns-oarc.net/pipermail/dns-operations/2008-October/~~003339~~003342.html \|~~accessdate~~access-date=2008-10-23 }}</ref> ~~}}</ref>~~ ORSN ~~operates~~operated again ~~since~~from June 2013 until May 2019.<ref name=ORSN>{{cite web\|last=ORSN\|url=http://www.orsn.org/en/\|~~accessdate~~access-date=11 October 2013\|title=[...] the ORSN was again activated in June 2013}}</ref> Several [[Internet service provider]]s in Europe used ORSN as a root for their [[name server]]s.{{Citation needed\|date=November 2010}} == ORSN root nameservers == ORSN's root server system ~~consists~~consisted of 13 root servers, a distributed system connected on a secure VPN, for synchronization and management. All of the 13 servers ran on [[FreeBSD]] and [[BIND]]. Monitoring and management daemon was developed by founder, [[Markus Grundmann]]. ~~All of the 13 servers are running on [[FreeBSD]] and [[BIND]].~~ ~~Monitoring and management daemon was developed by founder, [[Markus Grundmann]].~~ {\| class="wikitable" \|----- ! Letter ! IP ~~Country~~country ! IPv4 ~~Address~~address ! IPv6 ~~Address~~address ! Operator / ~~Sponsor~~sponsor \|----- ! A Line 122 ⟶ 125: [http://www.orsn.org/en/tech/ ORSN Root Server Systems Technical Information] ==ORSN ~~Public~~public DNS ~~Servers~~servers== ORSN ~~Public~~public DNS ~~Servers~~servers ~~are~~were operated by the community of ORSN, providing [[Domain Name System]] access freely for everyone, without any limitation. It did not serve additional TLDs but only the regular ICANN TLDs. ORSN public DNS servers ~~are~~were intended to respect privacy and should not ~~log~~have logged usage, although these servers ~~are~~were run independently and there iswas no technical means by which ORSN ~~can~~could enforce this. Anyone ~~may~~was able to choose to run aan OSRN public DNS server and submit it via web form. These DNS servers ~~are~~were an alternative option for users that ~~don't~~did not have a local ORSN-ready server or in the case that the local ISP ~~doesn't~~did not support the use of ORSN. All registered servers ~~are~~were monitored constantly, for availability and functionality. Most of these are Non-Operational including the availability website but a couple still work. <ref>[http://www.orsn.org/en/tech/pubdns/ Overview of the ORSN Public DNS Servers]</ref> {\| class="wikitable" \|----- ! FQDN ! IP ~~Country~~country ! IPv4 ~~Address~~address ! IPv6 ~~Address~~address ! Operator / ~~Sponsor~~sponsor ! Operational Status \|- ! ns0.freeinfosociety.org \| {{flagicon\|France}} France \| {{IPaddr\|188.165.175.115}} \| {{IPaddr\|2001:41d0:2:5a70::1}} \| ~~\| Mr. Péter Vámos, [[Budapest]], Hungary~~ \| Non-Operational \|----- ! ns1.freeinfosociety.org \| {{flagicon\|France}} France \| {{IPaddr\|37.187.23.23}} \| {{IPaddr\|2001:41d0:a:1717::1}} \| ~~\| Mr. Péter Vámos, [[Budapest]], Hungary~~ \| Non-Operational \|----- !ns2.freeinfosociety.org \| {{flagicon\|France}} France \| {{IPaddr\|37.187.99.178}} \| {{IPaddr\|2001:41d0:a:23b2::1}} \| ~~\| Mr. Péter Vámos, [[Budapest]], Hungary~~ \| Non-Operational \|----- ! ns01.ch.orsn.it-schwerin.de \| {{flagicon\|Switzerland}} Switzerland \| {{IPaddr\|178.209.50.232}} \| {{IPaddr\|2a02:418:6a04:178:209:50:232:cafe}} \| ~~\| Mr. Daniel Pajonzeck~~ \| Non-Operational \|----- ! orsn-ns01.zirkumflex.net \| {{flagicon\|Germany}} Germany \| {{IPaddr\|84.200.83.54}} \| {{IPaddr\|2001:1608:10:102::acab}} \| ~~\| Mr. Daniel Thielemann~~ \| Non-Operational \|----- ! orsn-ns.godau.eu \| {{flagicon\|Germany}} Germany \| {{IPaddr\|109.230.224.42}} \| {{IPaddr\|2a02:d40:3:1:ac11:71ff:feee:41b3}} \| ~~\| Mr. Jens Godau~~ \| Non-Operational \|----- ! orsn-ns2.godau.eu \| {{flagicon\|Germany}} Germany \| {{IPaddr\|87.118.126.225}} \| {{IPaddr\|2001:1b60:3:267:3436:21:0:1}} \| ~~\| Mr. Jens Godau~~ \| Non-Operational \|----- ! orsn.dnscache.cyborg-connect.de \| {{flagicon\|Germany}} Germany \| {{IPaddr\|37.187.193.30}} \| \| Cyborg-Connect.de \| Non-Operational \|----- ! orsn-ns01.first-colo.de \| {{flagicon\|Germany}} Germany \| {{IPaddr\|212.224.71.71}} \| {{IPaddr\|2a01:7e0::212:224:71:71}} \| First Colo GmbH \| Operational \|----- ! orsn-ns02.first-colo.nl \| {{flagicon\|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]] \| {{IPaddr\|79.133.62.62}} \| \| First Colo GmbH \| Operational \|----- ! a.tx.nic.servertx.cf \| {{flagicon\|Netherlands}} Amsterdam \| {{IPaddr\|195.20.51.139}} \| \| Verotel International \| Non-Operational \|} ORSN Public DNS data last updated on 2218 ~~July~~October ~~2017~~2022.<br /> source: [http://www.orsn.net/en/tech/pubdns/ Official ORSN Public DNS live data and monitoring.] Line 200 ⟶ 221: * [[Alternative DNS root]] * [[Domain Name System]] * [[OpenNIC]] * [[Public recursive name servers]] * [[Root nameserver]] Line 207 ⟶ 229: ==External links== * [~~http~~https://~~www~~web.archive.org/web/20061205040340/http://orsn.org/ ORSN Project Homepage] * [http://www.orsn.org/en/tech/ ORSN Root Server Systems Technical Information] * [http://www.orsn.net/en/tech/pubdns/ Overview of the ORSN Public DNS Servers]