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I am being taken to task for suggesting that it is disrespectful to brain researchers who (and I do know this) use sophisticated mathematics, to suggest that in their assertions about which parts of the brain are involved in mathematics, they are applying a childishly simple notion of what mathematics is. But this article as it is now written does encourage that impression. If the impression is wrong, the article should be changed accordingly. [[User:Michael Hardy|Michael Hardy]] 00:00, 28 January 2006 (UTC)
:No one should take you to task; these are important and pertinent points you raise. You may find it useful to look up [[acalculia]]; this is a neurologic finding that can be seen in relative isolation. In clinical practice it refers to difficulty with simple calculation - addition and subtraction, mainly, at least as I have seen it tested. Gerstmann claimed it was related to lesions of the left angular gyrus, but this is probably too specific to be applicable in all cases. -[[User:Ikkyu2|Ikkyu2]] 23:14, 28 January 2006 (UTC)
::Heh. He's referring to [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Michael_Hardy&diff=37013979&oldid=36467040 my comment here] that I left on his user page. As the self-appointed [[Wikipedia:Esperanza|Esperanza]] bouncer I don't take too kindly to perceived intentional rudeness; I am a big fan of the [[Meta:Don't be a dick]] policy. Also, your point on [[acalculia]] (an article I've helped write) is dead on, but still not quite the point Mr. Hardy is getting at methinks. [[User:Semiconscious|<
:::"Perceived intentional rudeness" was only ''perceived''. Nor do I think there was ''u''nintentional rudeness; someone just misunderstood what I wrote. However, I will admit that if I had written less hastily, I might have anticipated some ways in which my words could get misunderstood and taken care to phrase it differently.
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:''Reasoning functions such as language and mathematics are often lateralized to the left hemisphere of the brain''
from my understanding its more symbolic processing and temporal processing in the left. Reasoning is a little to broad a claim. --[[User:Pfafrich|Salix alba]] ([[User talk:Pfafrich|talk]]) 00:30, 28 January 2006 (UTC)
::[[User:Pfafrich|Salix alba]]: If you would not mind altering this as well, I would appreciate it. I'm trying to simultaneously do too many real life things to really correct this language right now. See my response below for my thoughts on this article. If you don't get to this in the next few days I should have time next week to dig up better references and resources to more clearly express the notion of laterality of "reasoning" in the brain. Cheers! [[User:Semiconscious|<
::: No problem I'll wait. This seem an article very much in gestation at the moment. --[[User:Pfafrich|Salix alba]] ([[User talk:Pfafrich|talk]]) 19:11, 28 January 2006 (UTC)
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[http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/284/5416/970 This article from ''Science'' magazine] attempts to describe more precise definitions of "mathematics", suggesting it either has linguistic origins or is more visuo-spatial. The crux of the article suggests there are different forms, what they call "exact arithmetic" and "approximate arithmetic". "Exact arithmetic"--"what brain researchers consider to be mathematics'"--is strongly left-lateralized as this article suggests. "Approximate arithmetic"--"what mathematicians consider to be 'mathematics'"--is bilateral.
Again, in deference to civility, I will amend this article to more clearly state these differences despite my intuition that this is a semantic argument that is unnecessarily clouding what is essentially an already poorly-defined notion. [[User:Semiconscious|<
::Also, thank you both for coming here to edit this page: if nothing else it is enforcing a more precise definition of the terms we are using. If I am coming across as abrasive, I have no intentions other than clarity and I truly appreciate the efforts here. [[User:Semiconscious|<
I was not suggesting anything about "approximate" versus "exact". I was suggesting that
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::What I seem to be poorly expressing here is that--while I understand your point—it is too ill-defined for an encyclopedic article. You have pointed out to me a place where the language is poorly defined and thus open to many interpretations. Therefore I have altered the language acordingly and provided a citation in support of my change. You can continue arguing about your feelings as to what "mathematics" truly is but that is no longer relevant to this article or this discussion as the word "mathematics" or any of its variants no longer appears in the article in any form (other than in the title of reference I provided).
::I further agree with [[User:Pfafrich|Salix alba]] that "reasoning" is a poor word choice as well. In my experience, the casual reader on Wikipedia does not like a great deal of technical language. In my attempt at trying to communicate a relatively simple idea to benefit the maximum number of readers, I chose to use simpler terms. This was clearly not an appropriate choice however, as I was unaware at how poorly defined a term such as "mathematics" was. My point being, you may continue arguing this--and I will gladly engage you in an argument of semantics if you would like--however in the context of this article I consider this issue to be resolved. [[User:Semiconscious|<
:::I don't think imprecision in the definition of "mathematics" is the issue here at all. It is not easy to define "mathematics", and any definition would be subject to endless debate among informed people (and uninformed ones too, I suppose). But I meant that what actual mathematicians and other actual humans actually do, when doing things that everyone would agree is mathematics, is mostly not algorithmic processing. [[User:Michael Hardy|Michael Hardy]] 01:03, 30 January 2006 (UTC)
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==Exact/algorithmic/blah blah==
Hardy: Did you read the citation I provided? I was simply using the language they used. You can apply whatever words you'd like to this: it's so nebulously defined that I just really don't care. However I find you use of the phrase "recent discussion tends to confirm my suspicion" in your edit summary amusing, since it was more you talking ''at'' me rather than a discussion. :) [[User:Semiconscious|<
::I've looked at it enough to know that it provides some context that aids in understanding what they mean by "exact arithmetic" and that context is not (yet, anyway) in the present Wikipedia article. That article ''and'' the things you and others have said here do tend to confirm my suspicion. It's just as if they were confusing that sort of thinking with what mathematics actually is. [[User:Michael Hardy|Michael Hardy]] 21:26, 1 February 2006 (UTC)
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Recall that we are editing an assemblage of other people's work here, not conducting original research or trying to form cohesive theories out of disparate publications. Much of the current discussion above would absolutely vanish if the editors would confine themselves to statements developed from and taken directly from source publications, ideally cited by page number and possibly quoted briefly under fair use. -[[User:Ikkyu2|Ikkyu2]] 19:48, 1 February 2006 (UTC)
:Ugh I'm so sick of this. Michael Hardy clearly has strong feelings a '''''his''''' definition of math. After looking over at the [[Mathematics]] article, there's a huge issue with defining mathematis; I'm not sure why Michael Hardy is coming in here and making changes that go against a cited article in ''Science'' inserting his own definition based upon phrases such as "confirm my suspicion" and "what mathematics actually is". These are opinions sir, and not worthy of countering a good citation. I have conceded several times over that my original statement was unclear, so I feel the citation is a good compromise. But you just keep inserting your own personal views on the matter.
:It's [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mathematics&diff=11180862&oldid=11180822 clear] you feel strongly on this matter, but others [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Mathematics&diff=11160991&oldid=11160652 feel differently] than you and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mathematics#NPOV_and_original_research.3F defining mathematics] is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mathematics#Recent_revert_wars problematic], so please quit reverting based upon your suspicions. Suspicion does not trump citation. [[User:Semiconscious|<
:::I did not propose any particular definition of mathematics. I don't know why Semiconscious thinks I did. I edited this article for clarity, not to support particular opinions. The only thing I said about the nature of mathematics consisted of a list of '''examples''', not a definition, and I don't think any of them are controversial. Also, to say that mechanically executing algorithms is '''not''' mathematics is also not contrvoersial. [[User:Michael Hardy|Michael Hardy]] 00:03, 16 February 2006 (UTC)
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== The Master and His Emissary ==
''[[The Master and His Emissary]]: The Divided Brain and the Making of the Western World'' is a new study of the specialist hemispheric functioning of the brain, and the conflict between their world views, by the psychiatrist and writer Iain McGilchrist. Published 2009. <b
: As ''The Economist'' notes in their review, McGilchrist seems to take astonishingly liberties with the scientific literature [[User:Edhubbard|Edhubbard]] ([[User talk:Edhubbard|talk]]) 18:00, 22 December 2009 (UTC)
::But the reader is also treated to some very loose talk and to generalisations of breathtaking sweep. The left’s world is “ultimately narcissistic”; its “prime motivation is power”, and the Industrial Revolution was, in some mysterious sense, the left’s “most audacious assault yet on the world of the right hemisphere”. The sainted right, by contrast, has “ideals” that are in harmony with an “essentially local, agrarian, communitarian, organic” conception of democracy... But he offers no evidence that such differences can be explained in physiological terms... The book ends with a deflating admission that will not surprise those readers who feel the author’s main claims about the cerebral hemispheres have the ring of loose analogies rather than hard explanations. Mr McGilchrist would not be unhappy to learn that what he has to say about the roles of the hemispheres in Western culture is simply a metaphor and is not literally true. In other words, he seems to be in two minds about his own thesis, which is fitting but not encouraging.
:::Have expanded and balanced the article a bit now. Apparently the philosopher [[Mary Midgley]] will be reviewing the book in [[The Guardian]] in early January 2010. Will see what she has to say. <b
::::'''Comment''' Mary Midgley's review (Jan 2010) <ref>http://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/jan/02/1</ref> says "McGilchrist's explanation of such oddities in terms of our divided nature is clear, penetrating, lively, thorough and fascinating. Though neurologists may well not welcome it because it asks them new questions, the rest of us will surely find it splendidly thought-provoking." Given that [[Mary Midgley]] is acknowledged by Wikipedia as being described by The Guardian as "a fiercely combative philosopher and the UK's 'foremost scourge of 'scientific pretension'", Wikipedia would do well to allow McGilchist's book as a reference. [[User:Simplicissimo|Simplicissimo]] ([[User talk:Simplicissimo|talk]]) 17:46, 21 December 2015 (UTC)
* The book is published by [[Yale University Press]]. That is a [[Wikipedia:NPOV#Explanation_of_the_neutral_point_of_view|significant]] publisher. Whether we think it is hard science, metaphor or philosophy, a book by them addressing this specific topic is a RS and a bona fide addition. --'''[[User:Jayen466|<
::Actually, it does matter. See [[WP:FRINGE]] and [[WP:UNDUE]]. [[User:Edhubbard|Edhubbard]] ([[User talk:Edhubbard|talk]]) 02:49, 27 December 2009 (UTC)
::: To clarify, it does not matter for the entry on the book, itself. We should have an entry on the book. But, given that this book does not purport to actually provide any factually correct information on the topic of ''this article'', lateralization of brain function, but rather uses it as a "loose analog[y]" or a "metaphor" that is "not literally true", it should not be included on ''this page'' due to the wikipedia policies cited above. [[User:Edhubbard|Edhubbard]] ([[User talk:Edhubbard|talk]]) 02:53, 27 December 2009 (UTC)
::::'''Comment''' What we're talking about here is my attempt to include the book in "further reading", an action that was [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lateralization_of_brain_function&action=historysubmit&diff=333312394&oldid=333115114 reverted]. I can appreciate your desire to keep what you see as "poppsych" weeded out of the article, so that it is not flagged as "pseudoscience" (whilst remembering that this is not someone's "recommended reading list" but a representative list of "further reading"). However, I think it's a little unfair to base your judgement on the reaction of a reviewer in ''The Economist''. The [http://www.iainmcgilchrist.com/The_Master_and_his_Emissary_by_McGilchrist.pdf introduction to the book (pdf)] seems to paint a different picture of the book's actual content.
::::I like to run articles past their subjects and the author points out to me that "As to the neuropsychological, neurophysiological and other evidence, there are about 3,000 references to the literature included in the notes", and he himself dismisses what he sees as some popular misconceptions about lateralization, though I am reliant on input from reliable sources and cannot of course use phrases like "meticulously documented" until reliable sources use such phraseology. Further reading could perhaps be split into "mainstream" and "<strike>fringe</strike>" "popular psychology" (again remembering that heliocentricity was at one time dismissed as "fringe" theory :)), if it can be established that this is fringe theory, in order not to give undue weight to the less popular mainstream. Just a thought, <b
:None of the reviewers appear to have scientific credentials, as far as I can see. A book of this sort is likely to be reviewed by ''Science'' or ''Nature'' soon, if it hasn't been already, and reviews there would give a much better idea of whether this is a suitable book to direct readers toward for further information. [[User:Looie496|Looie496]] ([[User talk:Looie496|talk]]) 14:49, 27 December 2009 (UTC)
::Yes, that seems fair enough. <b
== Connection between Broca's and Wernicke’s ==
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[edit]
::The article [[Arcuate fasciculus]] explicitly states (cited) that, while it was believed to connect Broca's area and Wernicke's area, it is no longer believed to do so. I don't have the time now to figure out what should be incorporated into this article, but I did want to be sure to bring it to the attention of hopefully anyone involved with this page. -- [[User:Natalya|Nataly<
:::I think the truth is that the cellular-level synaptic connections and boundaries of Broca's, Wernicke's, and really any other area of the cortex are poorly understood, and therefore an accurate but still helpful statement might be, e.g., "the arcuate fasciculus connects the lateral prefrontal cortex (including Broca's area) with the posterior parietal and temporal cortex (including Wernicke's area) and has been shown to play a role in language processing." (See, e.g., Catani et al 2007<ref name="Catani et al 2007">{{Cite journal | last1 = Catani | first1 = M. | last2 = Allin | first2 = M. P. G. | last3 = Husain | first3 = M. | last4 = Pugliese | first4 = L. | last5 = Mesulam | first5 = M. M. | last6 = Murray | first6 = R. M. | last7 = Jones | first7 = D. K. | title = Symmetries in human brain language pathways correlate with verbal recall | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0702116104 | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 104 | issue = 43 | pages = 17163–17168 | pmc = 2040413 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17939998}}</ref>.) [[User:PhineasG|PhineasG]] ([[User talk:PhineasG|talk]]) 15:01, 12 September 2011 (UTC)
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Hi {{ping|Luveviolet}}, I just wanted to touch on the edit you recently made, which [[user:Flyer22_Reborn|Flyer22_Reborn]] reverted. I noticed that the text you inserted referred to individuals' learning styles several times, and that the sources were fairly old (early 2000s). As described in [[Learning styles|our article]] on them, the concept individuals having particular learning styles is somewhat controversial, and my understanding is that the accepted position in up-to-date educational psychology scholarship is that they don't. I have some books on the shelf I could dig out to provide references for this if needs be. As Flyer22 said, I think the language would have to be softened, and more recent sources would shed some light on whether anyone still stands by these theories. Cheers [[User:Girth Summit|<span style="font-family:Impact;color:#294;">Girth</span><span style="font-family:Impact;color:#42c;">Summit</span>]][[User talk:Girth Summit|<sub style="font-family:script;color:blue;"> (blether)</sub>]] 18:56, 25 September 2018 (UTC)
==Criticism section==
::"Function lateralization, such as semantics, intonation, accentuation, and prosody, has since been called into question and largely been found to have a neuronal basis in both hemispheres."
It would be useful to have a proper, referenced and thorough criticism section / update of this model. It already states that much pop psychology has run with the idea of over-simipfications of hemispheric functions. Much more is needed. <span style="font-family:Monotype Corsiva;">[[User:Anna Roy|Anna]] ([[User talk:Anna Roy|talk]])</span> 20:42, 8 December 2019 (UTC)
== Is it possible to add this image by M. Gazzaniga? ==
https://academic.oup.com/view-large/figure/5559555/b071316.gif Is it possible to use this image by M. Gazzaniga into this article?
[[User:RIT RAJARSHI|RIT RAJARSHI]] ([[User talk:RIT RAJARSHI|talk]]) 15:22, 31 May 2021 (UTC)
== Right/left brain ==
Studies agree that as nonverbal cues are sent and received, they are more strongly influenced by modules of the right-side neocortex (esp. in right-handed individuals) than they are by left-sided modules. Anatomically, this is reflected a. in the greater volume of [[white matter]] in the right neocortical hemisphere, and b. in the greater volume of [[grey matter]] in the left. The right brain's superior fiber linkages enable its [[neuron]]s to better communicate with [[feeling]]s, [[memory|memories]], and [[sense]]s, thus giving this side its deeper-reaching holistic, nonverbal, and "big picture" skills. The left brain's superior neuronal volume, meanwhile, allows for better communication among the neocortical neurons themselves, which gives this side a greater analytic and intellectually narrower "focus". Research by UCLA neuroscientist, [[Daniel Geschwind]] and colleagues shows that left-handers have more symmetric brains, due to genetic control. [[Special:Contributions/84.94.37.73|84.94.37.73]] ([[User talk:84.94.37.73|talk]]) 10:29, 3 July 2021 (UTC)
==Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment==
[[File:Sciences humaines.svg|40px]] This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2020-01-08">8 January 2020</span> and <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2020-04-25">25 April 2020</span>. Further details are available [[Wikipedia:Wiki_Ed/BYUIdaho/Cognitive_Psychology_(Winter)|on the course page]]. Student editor(s): [[User:Mrs. Yelnats|Mrs. Yelnats]].
{{small|Above undated message substituted from [[Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment]] by [[User:PrimeBOT|PrimeBOT]] ([[User talk:PrimeBOT|talk]]) 08:52, 18 January 2022 (UTC)}}
== Inadequate images and captions ==
I think images being presented as examples of counterfactual information are confusing, especially if the original context of the image is not heavily emphasised. Furthermore, simply presenting an example of an image containing factoids without detailing or even indicating which aspects of the image are correct (e.g. the depiction of the brain as having two hemispheres), which aspects have some merit (e.g. intuitive thought in the right hemisphere), which aspect are straight up wrong (e.g. random sequencing in the right hemisphere) and which aspects are not only wrong but also plain nonsense (e.g. creative writing in the right hemisphere - I'd like to see someone write a novel without using language - and I mean a traditional novel, nothing avant-garde) doesn't actually give any real information to people who do not already have it. [[User:Anditres|Anditres]] ([[User talk:Anditres|talk]]) 04:21, 22 January 2023 (UTC)
==Wiki Education assignment: Introduction to Psychology Honors==
{{dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment | course = Wikipedia:Wiki_Ed/Paradise_Valley_Community_College/Introduction_to_Psychology_Honors_(Fall_2023) | assignments = [[User:Ph1275|Ph1275]], [[User:MinnieMollet3|MinnieMollet3]], [[User:18roo|18roo]] | reviewers = [[User:Mirmir77|Mirmir77]], [[User:AstroWiki143|AstroWiki143]], [[User:Soccernumber1|Soccernumber1]], [[User:Inferior12|Inferior12]], [[User:Birdie2324|Birdie2324]], [[User:Addisonel|Addisonel]], [[User:ThunderhillMc|ThunderhillMc]], [[User:TheBrapHeardAroundTheWorld|TheBrapHeardAroundTheWorld]] | start_date = 2023-08-21 | end_date = 2023-12-15 }}
<span class="wikied-assignment" style="font-size:85%;">— Assignment last updated by [[User:TheOneCheese|TheOneCheese]] ([[User talk:TheOneCheese|talk]]) 19:26, 7 November 2023 (UTC)</span>
== Possible Unreliable Source? ==
Schroeder, Thomas (15 July 2023). "Left-Brain, Right-Brain Reconceptualized: A New Neuroscientific Understanding of an Old Divide". Medium.
This source is quoted three times but is simply a medium post by someone with no actual expertise in neuroscience, in the very article cited they're selling a book that claims to teach you to "develop both sides of the brain’s neocortex". Considering that the author has a vested financial interest in their claim being true and has no apparent quailification, I think it's odd that they would be cited instead of directly citing the article by Elkhonon Goldberg (who by all accounts is an expert in this field of study). This is especially strange seeing as the Schroeder medium post relies entirely on the Goldberg article. I understand wikipedia prefers secondary and tertiary sources but a more reputable one would be preferable. [[User:Darkpixelftw|Darkpixelftw]] ([[User talk:Darkpixelftw|talk]]) 16:21, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
:Agreed. The Medium article falls into the same old pop-science trap of wildly extrapolating neuroscientific theories into broad descriptions of the patterns of peoples behaviour, despite no evidence actually being given to link the two together (or even that such variations corresponding with left/right-brainedness even exist in the first place!). Despite claiming to be a more nuanced understanding, it still presupposes the existance of left- and right-brained peoplem, and uses the authority of Elkhonon Goldberg to argue for points not supported by his research. [[User:FChlo|FChlo]] ([[User talk:FChlo|talk]]) 11:27, 26 April 2024 (UTC)
== Hemispheric Asymmetry ==
Many sweeping generalizations have been made about right and left hemisphere function which are hard to justify. One such claim is that the left hemisphere is specialized for local, detailed, serial processing, whereas the right hemisphere is more specialized for global, holistic, parallel processing. [[User:תיל"ם|תיל"ם]] ([[User talk:תיל"ם|talk]]) 14:57, 24 May 2024 (UTC)
==Wiki Education assignment: BIOL 3358 Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience==
{{dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment | course = Wikipedia:Wiki_Ed/Temple_University/BIOL_3358_Cellular_and_Molecular_Neuroscience_(Spring) | assignments = [[User:Pndakip|Pndakip]] | reviewers = [[User:K.P.Neuro|K.P.Neuro]] | start_date = 2025-01-14 | end_date = 2025-04-28 }}
<span class="wikied-assignment" style="font-size:85%;">— Assignment last updated by [[User:Plantsvszombiesenthusiast|Plantsvszombiesenthusiast]] ([[User talk:Plantsvszombiesenthusiast|talk]]) 14:17, 28 February 2025 (UTC)</span>
== Possible New Content ==
Hello! I'm finished with my edits for my Wiki Education assignment. I wanted to give an outline of some recommended improvements for this article:
1) Add sections under lateralized functions for visuospatial processing, theory of mind, and "The Interpreter" hypothesis (which I think is what "Value Systems" is trying to explain).
2) More sources for lateralization of language.
3) Add small section about handedness + its relation to language (maybe within the motor system section).
4) Evolutionary basis of lateralization + other animals
5) Developmental and genetic basis of lateralized functions
[[User:Pndakip|Pndakip]] ([[User talk:Pndakip|talk]]) 14:49, 18 April 2025 (UTC)
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