Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (Chinese): Difference between revisions

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== Standardised Cantonese/Hakka romanisation ==

Characters

The article heavily focuses on the use of Mandarin to romanise Chinese characters and phrases, but there is no real guideline (aside from "follow what the sources say") as to the romanisation of other Sinitic languages. While there has been ample and lively discussion on this talk page and others about the ''scope'' of names that should be romanised with each language (which is still a constantly ongoing tug of war because of the inherent hyperpoliticisation), I don't see any real discussion about the standards of such, the way Mandarin transliteration is elaborated on. Even aside from the raw pronounciation, there are some differences in transliteration conventions in Cantonese and Mandarin (which is the example I'll stick to on basis of personal knowledge), e.g.:

All encyclopedia entries whose title is a Chinese names should include the Chinese characters and Pinyin representation for that name in the first sentence.

* Cantonese names tend to use a hyphen ([[Aaron Kwok|Kwok Fu-shing]]) vs Mandarin names that tend to concatenate given name ([[Xi Jinping]])

* Cantonese transliterations lean towards spacing by character (Sai Yeung Choi South Street) vs Mandarin spacing by phrase/word (Zhongshan Road)

Therefore, I feel like an alternative description of Cantonese or Hakka transliteration scheme also deserves a place in the guide. And if someone knows sufficient Taishanese, Shanghaiese, etc to make a separate transliteration guide for that, that would be very welcome too.

Alternatively, I feel like a better option might be to split this article into a disambig that redirects to three or four different transliteration guides for the various Sinitic languages commonly needed to be transliterated. [[User:Fermiboson|Fermiboson]] ([[User talk:Fermiboson|talk]]) 11:11, 25 April 2023 (UTC)

:Are there any standards out there to recommend? Otherwise we should continue to follow the sources, as in the above examples. [[User talk:Kanguole|Kanguole]] 07:37, 26 April 2023 (UTC)

::There are definitely standards out there, although none have an overwhelming majority usage and one of the bigger problems is that the majority of speakers don’t know it. But it’s not exactly like the majority of English speakers follow MOS either, so I feel like that could be worked around. At the very least we could add something on identifying whether a source is in Cantonese, as opposed to an archaic name that might need to be changed to a pinyin transliteration. [[User:Fermiboson|Fermiboson]] ([[User talk:Fermiboson|talk]]) 15:25, 26 April 2023 (UTC)

:::Re Cantonese, as much as I don’t like it personally, the tendency is to move towards Jyutping, judging from its usage in dictionaries and language teaching materials. [[User:Pentaxem|Pentaxem]] ([[User talk:Pentaxem|talk]]) 22:04, 3 September 2023 (UTC)

::::The problem with moving to Jyutping is that it would match virtually none of the already commonly used names. To take the above example: Kwok Fu-shing becomes Gwok Fu-sing, which is still recognisable to an HKer who knows who he is; Sai Yeung Choi South Street would become Sai Joeng Coi South Street, which honestly sounds more Korean than Cantonese. Given even pronunciations of certain words within the language aren't really standardised, I think the follow the sources approach for the actual pronunciations themselves is the best we can do; this discussion would more be about things like formatting as mentioned above, or of when to translate instead of transliterate, etc (e.g. in HK "University Road" vs in the Mainland "Daxue Road"; I haven't checked the latter exists but you get my point.) Moreover, it would be good to acknowledge that the Sinitic languages are not just Mandarin even in written form, in principle. [[User:Fermiboson|Fermiboson]] ([[User talk:Fermiboson|talk]]) 06:45, 6 September 2023 (UTC)

:I strongly support this suggestion. Even if there isn't a single majority usage atm, for the sake of readability Wikipedia should pick a standard and stick to it.

:I'm not very familiar with non-Mandarin romanizations and would really appreciate a guide. [[User:SilverStar54|SilverStar54]] ([[User talk:SilverStar54|talk]]) 12:12, 4 September 2023 (UTC)

::I'm fairly surprised there haven't been more RfCs over this and related topics, given the ire it usually attracts. As I said above, I don't think a full standard like there is for Mandarin is achievable or within our scope, but for one the claim in the project page that all written Chinese is Mandarin Chinese is patently false. Admittedly, I do not have any examples of it causing problems, so I could possibly be guilty of having a solution that needs a problem here. I would appreciate it if anyone had any examples to make a case however. [[User:Fermiboson|Fermiboson]] ([[User talk:Fermiboson|talk]]) 06:49, 6 September 2023 (UTC)

:::I think "Chinese names should be written in Hanyu Pinyin unless there is a more common romanization used in English" covers pretty well what we do and what we should do. [[Yau Ma Tei]] is the standard placename in English for 油麻地 although it is not any of the commonly used romanizations of Cantonese nowadays. There seems to be even less of a standard for non-Mandarin than for Mandarin (where Taiwan and Singapore commonly use other systems than Hanyu Pinyin, with different systems used for different people: our coverage of Taiwan and people connected to it uses at least (simplified) Wade-Giles, Gwoyeu Romatzyh, Hanyu pinyin and Tongyong pinyin). Wikipedia should not invent standards that are not used by the majority of sources. Better to stick to the sources than to surprise people by "standardized" article titles that are different from everywhere else. —[[User:Kusma|Kusma]] ([[User talk:Kusma|talk]]) 09:50, 6 September 2023 (UTC)

::::I agree largely with what you said. As noted above, however, this is not really about the standard of romanticisation, which as you say is close to nonexistent. Other aspects covered in this MOS, such as word ordering and grouping, hyphenation, when to translate and when to transliterate etc can often be different; I'm not sure how many situations there are where these differences could not be supported with sources, but the differences certainly exist (e.g. according to the guide "Tuen Ma Line" should be written "Tuen Mun- Ma On Shan Line" if no sources proving common usage otherwise existed). These formatting rules are currently largely centered around Mandarin Chinese and it would perhaps be prudent to at least note different standards exist for sources in different Sinitic languages and, where possible, also list any such formatting standards in other languages. (As a hopefully uncontroversial example, I have added the name hyphenation rule to the relevant section.) [[User:Fermiboson|Fermiboson]] ([[User talk:Fermiboson|talk]]) 10:09, 6 September 2023 (UTC)

:::::Right. Spaces need to be addressed properly, and what you wrote makes sense. Hong Kong placenames usually have single syllable words ([[Chek Lap Kok]]), Singapore has everything ([[Ang Mo Kio]], [[Yishun]]). Macao placenames are a wonderful mess (using various degrees of Portuguese-ness). Basically I would not bother trying to write a convention covering all of Greater China; Hanyu pinyin can be standardized, but anything else has local rules that aren't easily generalized. —[[User:Kusma|Kusma]] ([[User talk:Kusma|talk]]) 10:59, 6 September 2023 (UTC)

::::Sources might not agree on which romanization system to use, but almost all are ''internally'' consistent. Why shouldn't Wikipedia be the same? Not choosing a romanization system is itself a choice, and it's a bad one. It's really hard to read and understand a work that mixes different systems willy-nilly.

::::Again, I suggest we pick one system and stick to it. The only exception would be if a clear majority (i.e., not just a plurality) of sources differ from whatever standard we pick. [[User:SilverStar54|SilverStar54]] ([[User talk:SilverStar54|talk]]) 15:18, 7 September 2023 (UTC)

:::::Isn't that what we do? We prefer Hanyu pinyin (our "one system") unless sources do something else, which is a fairly common occurrence when talking about people or places not in Mainland China. Sources about Taiwanese politics do not use consistent romanization systems, but they typically all use the same romanization for the same person. Standard for [[Ma Ying-jeou]] is Gwoyeu Romatzyh, [[Lee Teng-hui]] is Wade-Giles, [[Tsai Ing-wen]] isn't in any system I know. Others like [[James Soong]] or [[Audrey Tang]] are generally known by adopted English names. Recognizable names (people won't recognize the names Ma Yingjiu, Li Denghui, Cai Yingwen, Song Chuyu, or Tang Feng) are generally better than internal consistency that won't be visible to the casual reader anyway. —[[User:Kusma|Kusma]] ([[User talk:Kusma|talk]]) 15:51, 7 September 2023 (UTC)

::::::Pinyin is our standard for Mandarin, but I think what [[User:Fermiboson|Fermiboson]] is suggesting is to decide on a standard for each of the other Chinese languages (Cantonese, Hakka, etc.). These languages don't follow the same rules of pronunciation, so it doesn't make sense to use Hanyu pinyin for them. [[User:SilverStar54|SilverStar54]] ([[User talk:SilverStar54|talk]]) 16:39, 7 September 2023 (UTC)

:::::::I am not convinced that a single standard for Cantonese makes sense. The "obvious" choice of Jyutping doesn't work for Hong Kong place names (a rather large set of examples) as demonstrated above. —[[User:Kusma|Kusma]] ([[User talk:Kusma|talk]]) 17:12, 7 September 2023 (UTC)

::::::::That's a good point. Do other Sinitic languages have similar large bodies of exceptions, or just Cantonese?

::::::::I still think it would be a good idea to define a default system for each Chinese language, even if there are major exceptions. Maybe we should focus on in-article standards rather than titles? Perhaps we should move this discussion to [[WP:MOSCHINA]]? [[User:SilverStar54|SilverStar54]] ([[User talk:SilverStar54|talk]]) 19:43, 7 September 2023 (UTC)

:::::::::That's a good point. In retrospect this thread would perhaps be better suited over there. If one of you want to do a move/copy to the talk over there, feel free to do so. [[User:Fermiboson|Fermiboson]] ([[User talk:Fermiboson|talk]]) 03:52, 8 September 2023 (UTC)

== Language nomenclature ==

Chinese characters on the English wikipedia should be encoded using HTML entities with unicode numbers. Big5 and GB encoded characters are acceptable as a draft for people who have no other means of entering characters but be converted to HTML entitied-unicode when it is possible. After a Chinese text has been converted to unicode, the Big5 or GB versions should be removed.

Romanization

Romanization presents some difficult issues in that it is a highly political issue. The most often used romanization is [[pinyin]] but many outside of the [[People's Republic of China]] dislike it because of its association with that government.

In general, Chinese entries should be in pinyin except when there is a more popularly used form in English or when the subject of the entry is likely to object to romanization in pinyin. When an entry is not in pinyin form, there should be a link to the article from the pinyin form.

Names

Chinese names unlike English presents names last name first. Unlike other instances were this occurs, it is standard practice in English to also present a Chinese name last name first (i.e. Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping). Chinese names should be in pinyin unless there is a more common name used in English (i.e. Chiang Kai-Shek, Sun Yat-sen) or when the subject of the article is likely to prefer a non-pinyin phonetization as is likely the case with personages from Taiwan (i.e. Lee Tenghui).

The encyclopedia should reference the name more familar to most English readers.

For most historical figures the means that encyclopedia entry should reference the Chinese name rather than the English name (Soong Chuyu rather than James Soong for example). However, there are exceptions for figures whose English name is more familar (Confucius) and for figures who were raised in non-Chinese societies and whose Chinese names are unfamilar (Vera Wang and Maya Lin).

When using pinyin for a Chinese name, pinyin spacing and capitalization conventions should be used. This includes keeping the last name separate and the given name capitalized with the different characters not indicated by spacing, hyphenization, or capitalization.

Names of Emperors

Emperors before the Ming dynasty should be refered to by the posthumous temple name rather than by reign name. Where there is any ambigious, the temple name should be preceded by the name of the dynasty.

The Ming and Qing dynasty emperors should be refered to be reign name rather than by temple name. Because these are reign names and not personal names, the correct phrasing is the "Kangxi Emperor" rather than "Emperor Kangxi".

Personal names for emperors should not be used except to refer to the founders of dynasties who used personal names before becoming emperor (e.g. Liu Bang) and except for the special case of the last emperor Puyi whose reign name and temple name are unfamiliar.

Political NPOV

Wikipedia entries should avoid taking sides on issues such as the status of Taiwan and Tibet. In particular the word China should not be used to be synonymously with areas under current administration by the People's Republic of China or with Mainland China. The term "Mainland China" is a non-political term to be can used when a comparison is to be made with Taiwan, and "China proper" is a non-political term which can be used when making a comparison with Tibet. Although the used of the term "Manchuria" is considered by some to be somewhat objectionable when used in Chinese, it is largely considered a non-political and non-objectionable term when used in English.

Taiwan should not be described either as an independent nation or as a part of China. When it is necessary to describe the political status of Taiwan, special note should be made of Taiwan's confused political status.

Also note that there are potential landmines when using the term Chinese. In particular some find a distinction between "Chinese" and "Tibetans" or between "Chinese" and "Taiwanese" to be objectionable

and the terms "Han Chinese"/"Tibetans" and "Mainland Chinese"/"Taiwanese" are more politically neutral.

The term "Mainlander" poses some issues. It is sometimes ambigious whether this is refering to a resident of Mainland China or a member of the group that fled with the KMT to Taiwan in 1949. In refering to the latter group, the name is mildly objectionable when used in English and strongly objectionable when translated literally in Chinese. Preferred unambigous names for the two groups are "Mainland Chinese" and "wai sheng ren".

Hakka is the preferred name for that group even though the Mandarin word for that is something completely different.

In general, one should avoid using the term "Chinese" to be synonymous with the spoken Mandarin Chinese.

Excellent ideas on naming conventions! --[[user:maveric149|maveric149]]

---

"All entries with Chinese names should have the Chinese characters for the name included in unicode."

One has to have a Chinese Communicator installed on an PC to do so. When the document was typed on computers of publoc domains which only offers IME (like Microsoft IME that doesn't convert Chinese characters in Unicode), presenting every single character in unicode is a tiresome work since typers have to search for them. I'm against this proposal. By the way while using Pinyin romanization, readers who don't know Chinese characters at all can search for the them if they have a Communicator or dictionary handy.

----

I don't think I was clear in my proposal. I've clarified it a bit.

mirroring my post on [[Talk: Chinese characters]]:

----

his applies to various related articles in [[:Category: Chinese characters]], in clarifying the often-conflated categories. Here's how I see it:

"Chinese characters on wikipedia should be encoded using HTML entities with unicode numbers. Use of

either 8-bit characters or non-unicode encodings such as big5 or gb should be discouraged. Unicode is preferably because it has the highest available and also avoids political issues."

* Chinese ''characters'' are the logographs originally used to constitute the morphemes in the Old Chinese ''writing system'', which is, perhaps unhelpfully, also called 'Chinese characters'.

As I said earlier, typing every character in unicode is tiresome. Although I agree that big5 and gb encoding may invoke political issue simply because of Traditional and Simplified Chinse, readers who are proficienct in Chinese will feel more comfortable typing more. If one doesn't like to read Chinese characters at all, the typers can just list the Pinyin romanization without accompanied by any sort of Chinese encoding, saving time for both the typers and readers.

* A writing system includes orthographic rules and conventions, in this case relating to semantics and phonology in various spoken languages. a set of characters with expected meanings and pronunciations is an array of conventions as such.

* However, I don't think Traditional and Simplified characters constitute separate writing systems per se, even though there are mergers in character variants from the former to the latter.

* Kanji, for example, is a set of characters within the greater Japanese writing system, using Chinese characters.

* I wish we could call these character sets 'scripts', but that word is largely claimed by the systematic graphical (ish) styles such as [[clerical script]] and [[regular script]].

[[User:Remsense|Remsense]] ([[User talk:Remsense|talk]]) 04:54, 2 October 2023 (UTC)

:The native word used to differentiate Traditional and Simplified character forms is usually 字體 (character form), although typically encountered in the opposite order, as in 繁體字. The word differentiating clerical script and regular script, in contrast, is 書. I'm not sure if any of this is helpful, or really what the question here is supposed to be, but I'd be glad to type more Chinese if the question can be clarified. [[User:Folly Mox|Folly Mox]] ([[User talk:Folly Mox|talk]]) 07:07, 2 October 2023 (UTC)

::Actually maybe 字形 (character form) is more common than 字體 (character form). I'm probably a little mixed up in my modern technical vocabulary. [[User:Folly Mox|Folly Mox]] ([[User talk:Folly Mox|talk]]) 07:11, 2 October 2023 (UTC)

:::Oh my gosh I thought this was [[WP:RD/L]]; this doesn't have to take the form of a question at all. My goodness it might be bedtime. [[User:Folly Mox|Folly Mox]] ([[User talk:Folly Mox|talk]]) 07:13, 2 October 2023 (UTC)

::very helpful! i guess the default term for 'simplified' and 'traditional' might be 'character form', as opposed to 'writing system' or 'script' or 'character set'? [[User:Remsense|Remsense]] ([[User talk:Remsense|talk]]) 18:05, 2 October 2023 (UTC)

:::"Character set" makes sense when you're talking about computing, and maybe statistical analysis. "Character form" ("Simplified form", "Japanese form", etc) is probably the closest term for general linguistic description. [[User:Folly Mox|Folly Mox]] ([[User talk:Folly Mox|talk]]) 20:08, 2 October 2023 (UTC)

==Taiwan, Republic of China, or something else?==

{{user|Ef5zak}} made an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar&diff=1246782469&oldid=1244485688 edit] to [[Adoption of the Gregorian calendar]], changing "the Republic of China" to "Taiwan". What is the appropriate word or phrase in this situation? If it matters, it's about a government action to adopt a modified Gregorian calendar, not primarily about the geographic ___location. [[User:Jc3s5h|Jc3s5h]] ([[User talk:Jc3s5h|talk]]) 01:28, 21 September 2024 (UTC)

:Given it refers to the current country, that seems a normal use for Taiwan. [[User:Chipmunkdavis|CMD]] ([[User talk:Chipmunkdavis|talk]]) 02:58, 21 September 2024 (UTC)

::I agree. In this context, "Taiwan" is clearer, more natural, and more widely understandable than "the Republic of China". Similarly, the same sentence refers to "North Korea" rather than "the Democratic People's Republic of Korea". —[[User:Mx. Granger|Mx. Granger]]&nbsp;([[User talk:Mx. Granger|talk]] '''·''' [[Special:Contributions/Mx. Granger|contribs]]) 03:24, 21 September 2024 (UTC)

:::I likewise agree with this position. I also believe that Taiwan better understood to those who may not have an understanding of the geopolitical situation of Taiwan. [[User:Ef5zak|Ef5zak]] ([[User talk:Ef5zak|talk]]) 12:57, 11 October 2024 (UTC)