TurnKey Linux Virtual Appliance Library: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 07:26, 19 February 2019

Latest revision as of 03:58, 11 August 2025

(34 intermediate revisions by 27 users not shown)

Line 1:

{{Short description|Open-Source virtual appliance library}}

{{Infobox OS

| screenshotlogo = [[ImageFile:ScreenshotTurnKey Linux logo 2024-08-webmin303.png|270px]]

| familyscreenshot = TurnKey Linux Webmin = [[Unix-like]]3.png

| family = [[Linux]] ([[Unix-like]])

| source_model = [[Open-source software|Open source]]

| kernel_type = [[Monolithic kernel|Monolithic]] ([[Linux kernel|Linux]])

| license = [[Free software]] licenses

| working_state = Current

| website = [http{{URL|https://www.turnkeylinux.org/ www.turnkeylinux.org]}}

| latest_release_version = {{wikidata|property|reference|P348}}

| supported_platforms = [[IA-32]], [[X86-64]]

| latest release date = {{start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|P348|P577}}}}

| supported_platforms = [[IA-32]], [[X86-64]]

| updatemodel = [[Advanced Packaging Tool|APT]]

| package_manager = [[dpkg]]

}}

The '''TurnkeyTurnKey Linux Virtual Appliance Library''' is a [[Free software|free]] [[Openopen-source software|open source]] project which has developeddevelops a range of [[Debian]]-based pre-packaged server [[software appliances]] (a.k.a.also called [[virtual appliance]]s). Turnkey appliances can be deployed as a [[virtual machine]] (a range of [[hypervisors]] are supported), in [[Cloud computing|cloud computing infrastructures]] (includingservices such as [[Amazon Web Services|AWS]] and others) or installed in physical computers.

== Features ==

The project currently maintains around 100 [[virtual appliance]]s, all freely licensed and each a ready-to-use solution optimized for ease of use, with daily automatic security updates and full backup capabilities built in. Each appliance is designed to "just work" with little configuration required.<ref name="TurnKeySoftwareAppliances">{{cite web | title = TurnKey GNU/Linux: 100+ Free Ready-to-Use System Images for Virtual Machines, the Cloud, and Bare Metal | work = TurnKey Linux | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/ | accessdate = July 20, 2014 }}</ref>

They are packaged in several formats, optimized for several different virtualization platforms, in addition toand two separate builds for installing onto physical media (to non-virtualized hard disk or USB from a hybrid ISO) or onto the [[Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud|Amazon EC2 cloud]].<ref name="BuildTypes">{{Cite web |title = Supported virtualization platforms and build types | work = TurnKey GNU/Linux docs | accessdate = 2014-07-20 | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/builds}}</ref>

* [[Virtual appliance]]s distributed as [[virtual machine]] types such as:

They are packaged in several formats, optimized for several different virtualization platforms, in addition to two separate builds for installing onto physical media (to non-virtualized hard disk or USB from a hybrid ISO) or onto the [[Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud|Amazon EC2 cloud]].<ref name="BuildTypes">{{Cite web |title = Supported virtualization platforms and build types | work = TurnKey GNU/Linux docs | accessdate = 2014-07-20 | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/builds}}</ref>

** [[Open Virtualization Format|OVA]] (OVA) - As of v14.0 this iswas the default VM format. It provides "double-click" launch forsupports [[VirtualBox]] and most [[VMware]] products (e.g. [[VMware Workstation|Workstation]], [[VMware Player|Player]], [[VMware Fusion|Fusion]] and [[VMware ESX|vSphere/ESX]]). Also includes open-vmtools (for VMware).

** [[VMDK]] - "VM" in Turnkey Linux download mirrors - As above, but packaged as a zip containing a VMDK vHDD as well as a VMX (legacy VMware vm config file). Runs on [[Kernel-based Virtual Machine|KVM]]/[[QEMU]]<ref name="KVM">{{cite web |title = Using default VM build with KVM | work = TurnKey GNU/Linux docs | accessdate = 2014-07-20 | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/kvm}}</ref>

* [[Virtual appliance]]: a ready-to-run [[Virtual Machine]] Appliance build types include:

** [[Open Virtualization Format|OVA]] - As of v14.0 this is the default VM format. It provides "double-click" launch for [[VirtualBox]] and most [[VMware]] products (e.g. [[VMware Workstation|Workstation]], [[VMware Player|Player]], [[VMware Fusion|Fusion]] and [[VMware ESX|vSphere/ESX]]). Also includes open-vmtools (for VMware).

** [[VMDK]] - "VM" in Turnkey Linux download mirrors - As above, but packaged as a zip containing a VMDK vHDD as well as a VMX (legacy VMware vm config file). Runs on [[Kernel-based Virtual Machine|KVM]]/[[QEMU]]<ref name="KVM">{{cite web |title = Using default VM build with KVM | work = TurnKey GNU/Linux docs | accessdate = 2014-07-20 | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/kvm}}</ref>

** [[OpenStack]]

** [[LXC|Container]] - This somewhat generic container format is specifically packaged for [[Proxmox Virtual Environment|Proxmox]] (as tar.gz) (and formerly [[OpenNode]] (as OVAtoo). These builds can be downloaded direct within Proxmox's WebUI<ref>{{cite web |url=http://forum.proxmox.com/threads/8462-Appliance-downloads-are-back-%28Proxmox-VE-2-0rc1%29-including-TurnKey-Linux-library |title=Appliance downloads are back (Proxmox VE 2.0rc1) including TurnKey Linux library|date=23 February 2012 |work=Martin Maurer - Proxmox VE project lead via ProxmoxVE announcement thread|accessdate=15 April 2012}}</ref> (and formerly via OpenNode's interface<ref>{{cite web |url=http://opennodecloud.com/article/introducing-turnkey-linux-appliance-library/ |title=Introducing TurnKey Linux Appliance Library |date=18 October 2013 |work=OpenNode Cld Platform |accessdateaccess-date=8 February 2014 |deadurlurl-status=yesdead |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220050230/http://opennodecloud.com/article/introducing-turnkey-linux-appliance-library |archivedatearchive-date=20 February 2014 |df= }}</ref> respectively). The tar.gz archive is also known to work with both vanilla [[OpenVZ]] and [[LXC]] with minimal tweaking.

** [[Xen]]

** [[Docker (software)|Docker]]

* [[Live CD|Installable Live CD/USB]]: a [[Hybrid disc|hybrid]] [[ISO image]] which can be burned to either [[CD]] or [[USB flash drive|USB]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/iso2usb |title=Installing TurnKey from USB flash drive|date=8 January 2014 |work=Alon Swartz |accessdate=8 February 2014}}</ref> and used to install on both bare metal (I.e. a non-virtualized physical machine) and [[virtual machines]], including [[VMware]], [[Xen]], [[XenServer]], [[VirtualBox]], and [[Kernel-based Virtual Machine|KVM]]. This image can also run [[Live CD|live]] in non-persistent ''demo mode''.

* [[Amazon Machine Image]]: provisioned on-demand on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud via either the TurnKey's "Linux Hub" or the [[Amazon Elastic Compute CloudMarketplace]].

Pre-integrated server applications include [[LAMP (software bundle)|LAMP]], [[WordPress]], [[Joomla]], [[Drupal]], [[Redmine]], [[MySQL]], [[MediaWiki]], [[Domain controller]], [[File server]], [[Ruby on Rails]], [[phpBB]], and many others.

== History ==

Founded by engineers of an Israeli startup,<ref name="Scannell2009-03-10">{{cite news | last = Scannell | first = Ed | date = March 10, 2009 | title = TurnKey Linux Delivers Open Source Appliances | work = [[InformationWeek]] | url = http://www.informationweek.com/news/software/linux/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=215801604&subSection=Integration | accessdate = March 23, 2009 | archive-date = August 13, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090813085431/http://www.informationweek.com/news/software/linux/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=215801604&subSection=Integration | url-status = dead }}</ref> the project was conceived in mid-2008 as a community-oriented open source project that would focus on helping users piece together turnkey solutions from open source components in the largest Linux distributions. According to one of TurnKey Linux's co-founders, the project was in part inspired by a desire to provide open source alternatives to proprietary virtual appliance vendors that would be aligned with user interests and could engage the community.<ref name="Panettieri2009-03-12">{{cite news | last = Panettieri | first = Joe | date = March 12, 2009 | title = 12 Ubuntu Server Appliances Meet the Cloud | work = WorksWithU | url = http://www.workswithu.com/2009/03/12/12-ubuntu-server-appliances-meet-the-cloud/ | accessdateaccess-date = March 23, 2009 | deadurlurl-status = yesdead | archiveurlarchive-url = https://archive.istoday/20130209110133/http://www.workswithu.com/2009/03/12/12-ubuntu-server-appliances-meet-the-cloud/ | archivedatearchive-date = February 9, 2013 | df = }}</ref>

The project launched in September 2008 with three prototype appliances for Drupal, Joomla and LAMP, based on the Ubuntu 8.04.1 build.<ref name="UbuntuWeeklyNewsletter108">{{cite journal | year = 2008 | title = TurnKey Linux: new project builds Ubuntu based Live CD appliances | journal = Ubuntu Weekly Newsletter | issue = 108 | url = https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuWeeklyNewsletter/Issue108#TurnKey%20Linux:%20new%20project%20builds%20Ubuntu%20based%20Live%20CD%20appliances | accessdate = March 23, 2009 }}</ref> In the following months usability was improved and a dozen additional appliances were released including Ruby on Rails, MediaWiki and Django.<ref name="Fransen2009-02-25">{{cite news | last = Fransen | first = Matto | date = February 25, 2009 | title = Kant-en-klare open source bedrijfsapplicaties | work = Infoworld | url = http://www.infoworld.nl/web/Artikel/Kant-en-klare-open-source-bedrijfsapplicaties.htm | accessdate = March 23, 2009 | archive-date = April 2, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090402063654/http://www.infoworld.nl/web/Artikel/Kant-en-klare-open-source-bedrijfsapplicaties.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In October 2009, the project released 40 appliances based on Ubuntu 8.04.3 including 25 new additions to the virtual appliance library. The release included support for [[Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud]], and a new [[Virtual machine image]] format with [[Open Virtualization Format|OVF]] support.

TurnKey Linux was listed as a winner of the 2009 "Bossies" by [[InfoWorld]] as one of the "Toptop 40 open source products" of that year.<ref name="DineleyBorckMobley2009-08-31">{{cite news | last1 = Dineley | first1 = Doug | last2 = Borck | first2 = James R. | last3 = Mobley | first3 = High | date = August 31, 2009 | title = Best of Open Source Software Awards 2009 | work = [[InfoWorld]] | url = http://infoworld.com/d/open-source/best-open-source-software-awards-2009-628?page=0,2 | accessdate = 24 February 2010 }}</ref><ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://infoworld.com/d/open-source/best-open-source-platforms-and-middleware-758&current=7&last=1%26current%3D7%26last%3D1#slideshowTop |title=2009 BOSSie for Open Source Platforms and Middleware, see Slide 7] |access-date=2010-02-25 |archive-date=2009-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091204053952/http://infoworld.com/d/open-source/best-open-source-platforms-and-middleware-758%26current%3D7%26last%3D1#slideshowTop |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In September 2010, an official unveiling of the [https://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/tklbam TKLBAM] (Turnkey Linux Backup and Migration) took place in a blog post describing their goal of "the Ideal Backup System" according to Liraz Siri <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/announcing-tklbam | title=a new kind of smart backup/restore system that just works | date=8 September 2010 | work=Liraz Siri | accessdate=18 February 2019}}</ref>. Many of the features were described by the author along with videos to demonstrate the functionality of their backup system.

In September 2010, Turnkey Linux Backup and Migration (TKLBAM) was announced..<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/announcing-tklbam | title=a new kind of smart backup/restore system that just works | date=8 September 2010 | work=Liraz Siri | accessdate=18 February 2019}}</ref> In November 2010, further additions to the TKLBAM were announced including the integration of Webmin, which was discussed as a future feature in the original unveiling of the TKLBAM.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/turnkey-11.0rc-part1#webmin-tklbam | title=New release candidates for TurnKey Linux 11.0 (part 1) | date=23 November 2010 | work=Liraz Siri | accessdate=18 February 2019}}</ref>.

Turnkey Linux was nominated for the SourceForge February 2012 Project of the Month.<ref>{{cite web |url= httphttps://sourceforge.net/blog/february-potm-vote/ | title=SourceForge.net: VOTE for the February Project Of The Month|date=10 January 2012 |work=SourceForge.net |accessdate=15 April 2012}}</ref>

In August 2012, version 12.0 was released with the library increased to include over 100 appliances. This release also marked a move away from [[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]] as the underlying [[Operatingoperating Systemsystem]] to [[Debian]] 6.0 (a.k.a. Squeeze). This move was cited as being for various reasons, particularly security.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/turnkey-12 |title=Announcing TurnKey Linux 12.0: 100+ ready-to-use solutions|date=30 August 2012 |work=Liraz Siri |accessdate=13 November 2012}}</ref>

Early June 2013 saw a significant change of tack with the version 12.1 update release; built with the new "TKLDev" open build infrastructure. This release also included the first [[64 bit|X86-64]] builds.<ref>{{cite web |url=httphttps://www.zdnet.com/article/turnkey-linux-offers-64-bit-server-apps-on-amazon-cloud-7000016689/ |title=TurnKey Linux offers 64-bit server apps on Amazon cloud |date= 11 June 2013 |work= Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols |accessdateaccess-date=16 February 2014}}</ref> Later that same month, the Turnkey Linux custom application code was moved to [[GitHub]] which also included a tracker for appliances bug reports.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/moved-to-github |title=TurnKey moves to GitHub|date=28 June 2013 |work=Alon Swartz |accessdate=8 February 2014}}</ref> As promised, in mid July Turnkey Linux released their image building appliance (TKLDev) as well as an additional separate [[GitHub]] account to house all the appliance specific code (used by TKLDev to build the appliances).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/introducing-tkldev |title=Introducing TKLDev - Turnkey's appliance development and build system in a box|date=18 July 2013 |work=Alon Swartz |accessdate=8 February 2014}}</ref>

November 2013 saw the release of v13.0, based on [[Debian]] 7.2 (a.k.a. Wheezy).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/turnkey-13-and-tklbam-1.4 |title=TurnKey 13 out, TKLBAM 1.4 now backup/restores any Linux system|date=21 November 2013 |work=Liraz Siri |accessdate=8 July 2014}}</ref>

September 2015 saw the long overdue release of v14.0, based on [[Debian]] 8.2 (a.k.a. Jessie),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/turnkey-14-0-release |title=v14.0 stable release - Massive Community Effort!|date=17 September 2015 |work=Jeremy Davis |accessdate=24 November 2014}}</ref> followed by an April 2016 maintenance release, v. 14.1, based on Debian 8.4.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/14.1-bugfixes-maintenance-and-more |title=v14.1 Release - Bugfixes, Maintenance and More|date=15 April 2016 |work=Jeremy Davis |accessdate=25 April 2016}}</ref>

== Design ==

Line 61 ⟶ 62:

* An automatic mechanism that installs security patches on a daily basis.

* Web administration interface based on [[Webmin]] which includes a selection of generic add-on control and configuration modules.

* Web browser based shell

* TKLBAM (TurnKey Linux Backup And Migration)<ref>[http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/tklbam TKLBAM - Smart automated backup and restore]</ref> - a custom TKL backup/migration application/service that uses [[Duplicity (software)|Duplicity]] as a backend. By default TKLBAM uses [[Amazon S3]] for storage, but can also be configured to use any other storage medium supported by Duplicity. As of version 1.4 TKLBAM is available for non-TKL Linux OS.

The TurnKey Core has a footprint of approximately 110 MB, and is available as a separate download. Application software is installed on top of the Core, which typically increases the size of a virtual appliance up to approximately 160 MB.<ref name="LinuxDevices2009-03-09">{{cite news | date = March 9, 2009 | title = Open source server appliances ship | work = LinuxDevices.com | url = http://www.linuxdevices.com/news/NS9199443802.html | accessdateaccess-date = March 23, 2009 | archiveurlarchive-url = https://archive.today/20130127194545/http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/News/Open-source-server-appliances-ship/ | archivedatearchive-date = 27 January 2013 | deadurl = yes | dfurl-status = dead }}</ref> By downloading and installing the appliance package to the hard drive, it is intended by the developers that administrators would gain an easy method of setting up a dedicated server.<ref name="Fransen2009-02-25" />

New software appliances, or customised appliances can be developed by forking the appropriate appliance build code on [[GitHub]]<ref>[https://github.com/turnkeylinux-apps Turnkey Linux Appliance Build code repository]</ref> and then built using TKLDev.<ref>[http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/tklpatch TKLDev - Appliance Build Engine]</ref> Additionally appliances can also be customized and extended using TKLPatch,<ref>[http://www.turnkeylinux.org/doc/tkldev TKLPatch - a simple appliance customization mechanism]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> a simple appliance modification mechanism.

TurnKey Linux can be run as a [[virtual machine]] with [[VirtualBox]] and [[VMWare]], although the former has been described as having been provided with more documentation.<ref name="Proffitt2010-02-15">{{cite news | last = Proffitt | first = Brian | date = February 15, 2010 | title = Virtual Appliances Offer Fast Sandboxes, Production Environments | work = ITWorld | url = http://www.itworld.com/open-source/96666/virtual-appliances-offer-fast-sandboxes-production-environments | accessdate = 24 February 2010 }}</ref>

Line 73 ⟶ 74:

<gallery>

Image:Confconsole0.9.4-1.jpg|Configuration console

Image:TurnKey Linux Webmin-system_0 system 0.jpg|Web management interface – System overview

Image:TurnKey Linux Webmin- mysql- fw.png|Web management interface – Firewall

<!-- Image:Webshell1.jpg|AJAX web shell -->

</gallery>

Line 108 ⟶ 109:

[[Category:Free server software]]

[[Category:Free system software]]

[[Category:Linux distributions]]