Condylostoma nuclear code: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|An alternativeNuclear genetic code found in the nuclear genome of some ciliates}}

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Condylostoma'' nuclear code}}

The '''''Condylostoma'' nuclear code''' (translation table 28) is a [[genetic code]] used by the [[nuclear genome]] of the [[heterotrich]] [[ciliate]] ''[[Condylostoma]] magnum''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Heaphy|first=Stephen M.|last2=Mariotti|first2=Marco|last3=Gladyshev|first3=Vadim N.|last4=Atkins|first4=John F.|last5=Baranov|first5=Pavel V.|date=2016-11-01|title=Novel Ciliate Genetic Code Variants Including the Reassignment of All Three Stop Codons to Sense Codons in ''Condylostoma magnum''|url=http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/33/11/2885|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|language=en|volume=33|issue=11|pages=2885–2889|doi=10.1093/molbev/msw166|issn=0737-4038|pmc=5062323|pmid=27501944}}</ref><ref name="NCBI"/> This code, along with translation tables 27 and 31, is remarkable in that every one of the 64 possible codons can be a sense codon. Experimental evidence suggests that translation termination relies on context, specifically proximity to the poly(A) tail. Near such a tail, [[Poly(A)-binding protein|PABP]] could help terminate the protein by recruiting eRF1 and eRF3 to prevent the cognate tRNA from binding.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Swart|first=Estienne Carl|last2=Serra|first2=Valentina|last3=Petroni|first3=Giulio|last4=Nowacki|first4=Mariusz|title=Genetic Codes with No Dedicated Stop Codon: Context-Dependent Translation Termination|journal=Cell|volume=166|issue=3|pages=691–702|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2016.06.020|pmc=4967479|pmid=27426948|viayear=2016}}</ref>

{{Short description|An alternative genetic code found in the nuclear genome of some ciliates}}

The '''''Condylostoma'' nuclear code''' (translation table 28) is a [[genetic code]] used by the [[nuclear genome]] of the [[heterotrich]] [[ciliate]] ''[[Condylostoma]] magnum''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Heaphy|first=Stephen M.|last2=Mariotti|first2=Marco|last3=Gladyshev|first3=Vadim N.|last4=Atkins|first4=John F.|last5=Baranov|first5=Pavel V.|date=2016-11-01|title=Novel Ciliate Genetic Code Variants Including the Reassignment of All Three Stop Codons to Sense Codons in ''Condylostoma magnum''|url=http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/33/11/2885|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|language=en|volume=33|issue=11|pages=2885–2889|doi=10.1093/molbev/msw166|issn=0737-4038|pmc=5062323|pmid=27501944|via=}}</ref>

==The code (28)==

:<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Amino acid|AAs]] = FFLLSSSSYYQQCCWWLLLAPPPPHHQQRRRRIIIMTTTTNNKKSSRRVVVVAAAADDEEGGGG</code>

:<code>[[Start codon|Starts]] = ----------**--*--------------------M----------------------------</code>

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==Differences from the standard code==

{|class="wikitable" style="border: none; background: none; style="text-align: center;"

{|class="wikitable" style="border: none; background: none; style="text-align: center;"

|-

! DNA codons

! RNA codons

! colspan="3" | This code (28)

! style="border: none; background: none; width: 2px;" |

! [[DNA_codon_tableDNA codon table|Standard code]] (1)

|-

| <tt>{{mono|TAA</tt> }}

| <tt>{{mono|UAA</tt> }}

| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | <tt>{{mono|Ter</tt> <tt>(*)</tt> }}

| or

| style="background-color:#b3dec0;" | <tt>{{mono|Gln</tt> <tt>(Q)</tt> }}

| style="border: none; background: none; width: 2px;" |

| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | <tt>{{mono|Ter</tt> <tt>(*)</tt>}}

|-

| <ttcode>TAG</ttcode>

| <ttcode>UAG</ttcode>

| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | <ttcode>Ter</ttcode> <ttcode>(*)</ttcode>

| or

| style="background-color:#b3dec0;" | <ttcode>Gln</ttcode> <ttcode>(Q)</ttcode>

| style="border: none; background: none; width: 2px;" |

| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | <ttcode>Ter</ttcode> <ttcode>(*)</ttcode>

|-

| <ttcode>TGA</ttcode>

| <ttcode>UGA</ttcode>

| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | <ttcode>Ter</ttcode> <ttcode>(*)</ttcode>

| or

| style="background-color:#ffe75f;" | <ttcode>Trp</ttcode> <ttcode>(W)</ttcode>

| style="border: none; background: none; width: 2px;" |

| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | <ttcode>Ter</ttcode> <ttcode>(*)</ttcode>

|}

==See also==

* [[List of genetic codes|List of all genetic codes]]: translation tables 1 to 16, and 21 to 31.

* [[Genetic_codes_Genetic codes (database)|The genetic codes database]].

==References==

{{NLM content}}<ref name="NCBI">{{cite web | first1 = Andrzej | last1 = Elzanowski | first2 = Jim | last2 = Ostell | first3 = Detlef | last3 = Leipe | first4 = Vladimir | last4 = Soussov | name-list-style = vanc |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/taxonomyhome.html/index.cgi?chapter=tgencodes#thetop |title= The Genetic Codes|access-date=18 November 2016 | work = Taxonomy browser | publisher = National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), U.S. National Library of Medicine }}</ref>

* This article contains public ___domain text from the [[National Center for Biotechnology Information|NCBI]] page compiled by Andrzej (Anjay) Elzanowski and Jim Ostell.<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Utils/wprintgc.cgi The Genetic Codes (update: Nov. 18, 2016)]</ref>

{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

==External links==

[[Category:Molecular genetics]]