Epiglottal plosive: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ʡ⟩ in IPA}}

{{Infobox IPA|ipa-number=173|ipa=673|ipa-image=Xsampa-greaterthanslash.png|xsampa=>\|kirshenbaum=|sound=Con-77b.wav}}

{{redirect|Pharyngeal plosive|the upper-pharyngeal consonants|Voiceless upper-pharyngeal plosive|and|Voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive}}

The ''' epiglottal plosive''' is a type of [[consonant]]al sound, used in some [[speech|spoken]] [[language]]s. The symbol in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] that represents this sound is {{IPA|ʡ}}, and the equivalent [[X-SAMPA]] symbol is <tt>&gt;\</tt>.

{{Infobox IPA

| above = Epiglottal plosive<br>(pharyngeal plosive)

| ipa symbol = ʡ

| ipa number = 173

| decimal1 = 673

| x-sampa = &gt;\

| kirshenbaum =

| braille = 236

| braille2 = 23

| imagefile = IPA Unicode 0x02A1.svg

| imagesize = 150px

}}

The ''' epiglottal''' or '''pharyngeal plosive''' (or '''stop''') is a type of [[consonant]]al sound, used in some [[speechSpeech communication|spoken]] [[language]]s. The symbol in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ʡ}}, and the equivalent [[X-SAMPA]] symbol is <tt>&gt;\</tt>.

==Features==

Esling (2010) describes the sound covered by the term "epiglottal plosive" as an "active closure by the aryepiglottic pharyngeal stricture mechanism" &ndash; that is, a stop produced by the [[aryepiglottic fold]]s within the pharynx.<ref>John Esling (2010) "Phonetic Notation", in Hardcastle, Laver & Gibbon (eds) The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences, 2nd ed., p 695.</ref>

Features of the epiglottal plosive:

==Features==

* Its [[manner of articulation]] is [[stop consonant|plosive]] or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.

[[File:Voiceless epiglottal plosive.svg|150px]]

* Its [[place of articulation]] is [[epiglottal consonant|epiglottal]] which means it is articulated with the [[epiglottis]] against the back of the [[pharynx]]

[[Image:Places of articulation.svg|thumb|left|150px|The epiglottis is labelled as "12" in this diagram.]]

*It has no defined [[phonation]] type, although it is typically voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. Voiced epiglottal "stops" tend toward being [[epiglottal flap]]s.

Features of the epiglottal plosivestop:

* It is an [[oral consonant]], which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.

* Because it is not pronounced with the tongue, the [[central consonant|central]]-[[lateral consonant|lateral]] distinction is meaningless.

{{plosive}}

* The [[airstream mechanism]] is [[pulmonic egressive]], which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the [[lung]]s and through the vocal tract, rather than from the [[glottis]] or the mouth.

{{epiglottal}}

*It has no defined [[phonation]] type, although it is typically voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. Voiced epiglottal "stops" tend toward being [[epiglottal flap]]s.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}

{{oral}}

{{central articulation}}

{{pulmonic}}

{{clear}}

==Occurrence==

{| class="wikitable"

* [[Dahalo language|Dahalo]]: :{{IPA|[ndoːʡo]}}, "floor"

! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Meaning !! Notes

|-

| colspan=2|[[Amis language|Amis]] || {{lang|ami|'''{{`}}'''u'''{{`}}'''ul}}

|{{IPA|[ʡuʡuɺ̠ᵊ]}} ||'fog'||May have a trilled release, {{IPA|[ʡ^ʢ]}}.

|-

| colspan="2" | [[Archi language|Archi]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Archi Language Tutorial|url=http://www.archi.surrey.ac.uk/handout.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121902/http://www.archi.surrey.ac.uk/handout.pdf|archive-date=2015-04-02|access-date=2021-05-03}}</ref>|| {{lang|aqc|[[Cyrillic script|'''гӀ'''арз]]}}/{{Transliteration|aqc|g'arz}} ||{{IPA|[ʡarz]}}||'complaint'||

|-

| colspan="2" | [[Dahalo language|Dahalo]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Maddieson|Spajić|Sands|Ladefoged|1993|pp=27, 30, 33}}</ref> ||colspan="2" align="center" | {{Audio-IPA| tɬʼaːʡa.wav|[tɬʼaːʡa]}}||'lake'||

|-

| [[Haida language|Haida]] || Northern dialects || {{lang|hdn|'''g̱'''antl}} || {{IPA|[ʡʌntɬ]}}||'water'|| Corresponds to /q/ in southern dialects.

|-

| colspan="2" |[[Ingush language|Ingush]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nichols|first=Johanna|title=Ingush grammar|date=2011|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-09877-0|edition=1st|___location=Berkeley, CA|oclc=468975855}}</ref>

|{{lang|inh|'''Ӏ'''ам}}/{{Transliteration|inh|'''w'''am}}

|{{IPA|[ʡam]}}

|'lake, pond'

|

|}

==See also==

* [[ListIndex of phonetics topicsarticles]]

==Notes==

{{reflist}}

==References==

* [[List of phonetics topics]]

{{refbegin}}

* {{cite journal

|last1=Maddieson

|first1=Ian

|author-link=Ian Maddieson

|last2=Spajić

|first2=Siniša

|last3=Sands

|first3=Bonny

|last4=Ladefoged

|first4=Peter

|author-link4=Peter Ladefoged

|date=June 1993

|title=Phonetic structures of Dahalo

|editor-last=Maddieson

|editor-first=Ian

|journal=UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics

|volume=84: Fieldwork studies of targeted languages

|pages=25–65

|place=Los Angeles

|publisher=UCLA

|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k45g432

}}

{{refend}}

==External links==

{{Consonants}}

* {{phoible|ʡ}}

{{IPA navigation}}

[[Category:Consonants]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Epiglottal stop}}

[[fr:Consonne occlusive épiglottale sourde]]

[[Category:ConsonantsPlosives]]

[[ja:喉頭蓋破裂音]]

[[Category:Pulmonic consonants]]

[[sv:Epiglottal klusil]]

[[Category:Oral consonants]]