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===Motivation===
Traditional benchmarks that existed before NPB, such as the [[Livermore loops]], the [[LINPACK|LINPACK Benchmark]] and the [http://www.netlib.org/benchmark/nas NAS Kernel Benchmark Program], were usually specialized for vector computers. They generally suffered from inadequacies including parallelism-impeding tuning restrictions and insufficient problem sizes, which rendered them inappropriate for highly parallel systems. Equally unsuitable were full-scale application benchmarks due to high porting cost and unavailability of automatic software parallelization tools.<ref name="rnr94007">{{Citation
|last1=
|last2=Barszcz|first2=E.
|last3=Barton|first3=J.
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|last9=Frederickson|first9=P.
|contribution=The NAS Parallel Benchmarks
|contribution-url=
|title=NAS Technical Report RNR-94-007
|publisher=NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
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|last6=Yarrow|first6=M.
|contribution=The NAS Parallel Benchmarks 2.0
|contribution-url=
|title=NAS Technical Report NAS-95-020
|publisher=NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
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|last2=van der Wijngaart|first2=R.
|contribution=NAS Parallel Benchmarks I/O Version 2.4
|contribution-url=
|title=NAS Technical Report NAS-03-002
|publisher=NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
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|last4=Yarrow|first4=M.
|title=New Implementations and Results for the NAS Parallel Benchmarks 2
|url=
|publisher=NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
|postscript=<!--none-->
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|last1=van der Wijngaart|first1=R.
|contribution=NAS Parallel Benchmarks Version 2.4
|contribution-url=https://www.nas.nasa.gov/assets/nas/pdf/techreports/2002/nas-02-007.pdf
|title=NAS Technical Report NAS-02-007
|date=October 2002
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|last3=Yan|first3=J.
|contribution=The OpenMP Implementation of NAS Parallel Benchmarks and Its Performance
|contribution-url=
|title=NAS Technical Report NAS-99-011
|date=October 1999
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|last4=Yan|first4=J.
|contribution=Implementation of the NAS Parallel Benchmarks in Java
|contribution-url=
|title=NAS Technical Report NAS-02-009
|publisher=NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
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|last3=Yan|first3=J.
|contribution=Implementation of NAS Parallel Benchmarks in High Performance Fortran
|contribution-url=
|title=NAS Technical Report NAS-98-009
|date=September 1998
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|last2=van der Wijngaart|first2=F.
|last3=Biswas|first3=R.
|last4=Mavriplis|first4=C.|author4-link=Catherine Mavriplis
|contribution=Unstructured Adaptive (UA) NAS Parallel Benchmark, Version 1.0
|contribution-url=
|title=NAS Technical Report NAS-04-006
|date=July 2004
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|last2=Shabanov|first2=L.
|contribution=Benchmarking Memory Performance with the Data Cube Operator
|contribution-url=
|title=NAS Technical Report NAS-04-013
|date=September 2004
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|last2=Jin|first2=H.
|contribution=NAS Parallel Benchmarks, Multi-Zone Versions
|contribution-url=
|title=NAS Technical Report NAS-03-010
|date=July 2003
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|-
| BT || '''B'''lock '''T'''ridiagonal
| rowspan="3" | Solve a synthetic system of [[Nonlinear system#Partial differential equations|nonlinear PDEs]] using three different algorithms involving [[Block matrix#Block tridiagonal matrices|block tridiagonal]], scalar [[Pentadiagonal matrix|pentadiagonal]] and symmetric [[successive over-relaxation]] (SSOR) solver kernels, respectively
| rowspan="3" |
* The BT benchmark has I/O-intensive subtypes<ref name="nas03002"/>
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* [http://www.nas.nasa.gov/Software/NPB/ NAS Parallel Benchmarks Changes] (official website)
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