Content deleted Content added
m fix common MOS:REFSPACE spacing errors, replaced: /> <ref → /><ref, /ref>[ → /ref> [ |
|||
Line 1:
{{Short description|American musician (1931–2007)}}
{{good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| background =
| name = Ike Turner
| caption = Turner in 1971
| image = Ike Turner 1971.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1931|11|5}}
| birth_place = [[Clarksdale, Mississippi]], U.S.
| birth_name = Izear Luster Turner Jr.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2007|12|12|1931|11|5}}
| death_place = [[San Marcos, California]], U.S.
| occupation = {{hlist|Musician|record producer|talent scout|bandleader|songwriter}}
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Rock and roll]]
* [[blues]]<ref>[https://msbluestrail.org/blues-trail-markers/ike-turner Blues trail Ike-Turner] Retrieved June 6, 2022</ref>
* [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]]
* [[soul music|soul]]
* [[funk rock]]
}}
| years_active = 1940s–2007
| instrument = {{hlist|Guitar|keyboards|vocals}}
| label = {{hlist|[[Chess Records|Chess]]|[[Cobra Records|Cobra]]|[[Flair Records|Flair]]|[[King Records (United States)|Federal]]|[[King Records (United States)|King]]|[[Modern Records|Modern]]|[[RPM Records (United States)|RPM]]|[[Sun Records|Sun]]|[[Sue Records|Sue]]|[[Sonja Records|Sonja]]|[[Innis Records|Innis]]|[[Pompeii Records|Pompeii]]|[[Liberty Records|Liberty]]|[[United Artists Records|United Artists]]|[[Fantasy Records|Fantasy]]|[[Zoho Music|Zoho Roots]]}}
| past_member_of = {{hlist|[[Kings of Rhythm]]|[[Ike & Tina Turner]]}}
| alias = {{hlist|Ike Wister Turner|Icky Renrut|Lover Boy}}
}}
'''Izear Luster''' "'''Ike'''" '''Turner Jr.''' (November 5, 1931 – December 12, 2007) was an American musician, bandleader, songwriter, record producer, and [[A&R|talent scout]]. An early pioneer of 1950s [[rock and roll]], he is best known for his work in the 1960s and 1970s with his wife [[Tina Turner]] as the leader of the [[Ike & Tina Turner]] Revue.
A native of [[Clarksdale, Mississippi]], Turner began playing piano and guitar as a child and then formed the [[Kings of Rhythm]] as a teenager. His first recording, "[[Rocket 88]]" (credited to [[Jackie Brenston]] and his Delta Cats), is considered a contender for the distinction of [[First rock and roll record|first rock and roll song]]. During the 1950s, Turner also worked as a talent scout and producer for [[Sun Records]] and [[Modern Records]].<ref name="Pareles 12-13-2007" /> He was instrumental in the early careers of various blues musicians such as [[B.B. King]], [[Howlin' Wolf]], and [[Bobby "Blue" Bland]].<ref name="Fowler-1998">{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-apr-23-ca-42023-story.html|title=New, Improved Ike Turner|last=Fowler|first=James E.|date=April 23, 1998|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}{{subscription required}}</ref> In 1954, Turner relocated to [[East St. Louis, Illinois|East St. Louis]] where his Kings of Rhythm became one of the most renowned acts in [[Greater St. Louis]].<ref name=Collis-2003-52 /> He formed the Ike & Tina Turner Revue in 1960, which over the course of the decade became a soul/rock crossover success.
Turner's [[Cocaine dependence|cocaine addiction]] and legal troubles, together with accounts by Tina Turner of [[domestic violence]] (published in her 1986 autobiography ''[[I, Tina]]'' and the 1993 film adaptation ''[[What's Love Got to Do with It (1993 film)|What's Love Got to Do with It]]''), had an impact on his career.<ref name="usatoday">{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-12-12-ike-turner-obit_N.htm |title=Ike Turner: A tarnished rock legend |access-date=December 23, 2007 |author=Ken Barnes |date=December 12, 2007 |work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> Addicted to cocaine for at least 15 years, Turner was convicted of drug offenses and served 18 months in prison.<ref name="Philips-05-09-1991" /> After his release in 1991, he relapsed in 2004, and died of a drug overdose in 2007. During the last decade of his life, Turner revived his career as a frontman by returning to his blues roots. He released two award-winning albums, ''[[Here and Now (Ike Turner album)|Here and Now]]'' (2001) and ''[[Risin' with the Blues]]'' (2006).
Hailed as a "great innovator" of rock and roll by contemporaries such as [[Little Richard]] and [[Johnny Otis]],<ref name="Braiker2007">{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2007/12/12/rip-ike-turner.html|title=Remembering Ike Turner|last=Braiker|first=Brian|date=December 17, 2007|newspaper=Newsweek|access-date=October 4, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117162147/http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2007/12/12/rip-ike-turner.html|archive-date=January 17, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Kiersh-08-1985>{{cite magazine|last=Kiersh|first=Ed|title=Ike's Story|magazine=Spin|date=August 1985|volume=1|issue=4|pages=36–43|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TZaFMCee5HQC&q=ike%20shoots%20paperboy&pg=PA43|access-date=October 5, 2011}}</ref> Turner received critical acclaim as well.<ref name="bbc-12-13-2007">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7142242.stm|title=The musical legacy of Ike Turner|date=December 13, 2007|work=BBC News entertainment|access-date=October 1, 2011|publisher=BBC}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' editor [[David Fricke]] ranked Turner No. 61 on his list of 100 Greatest Guitarists and noted, "Turner was one of the first guitarists to successfully transplant the intensity of the blues into more commercial music."<ref name="Fricke-2010">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/100-greatest-guitarists-david-frickes-picks-146383/ike-turner-230701/|title=100 Greatest Guitarists: David Fricke's Picks|last=Fricke|first=David|date=December 3, 2010|magazine=Rolling Stone}}</ref> Turner won five [[Grammy Awards]], including two competitive awards and three [[Grammy Hall of Fame]] Awards.<ref name="Grammy Awards-2010">{{Cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/hall-of-fame#r|title=Grammy Hall of Fame|website=Recording Academy Grammy Awards|date=October 18, 2010}}</ref><ref name="Grammy-2020" /> He also received the [[The Recording Academy|Recording Academy]]'s Heroes Award. Turner was inducted into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] with Tina Turner in 1991.<ref name="Rock & Roll Hall of Fame" /> As a solo artist he is inducted into the [[St. Louis Walk of Fame]], the [[Clarksdale Walk of Fame]], the [[Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame]], the [[Blues Hall of Fame]], and the [[Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame|Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame]].
== Early life ==
[[File:Ike Turner House 304 Washington Clarksdale MS 01.jpg|thumb|Ike Turner's birthplace and childhood home at 304 Washington Avenue in the Riverton neighborhood of [[Clarksdale, Mississippi]].<ref name="Coahoma County Tourism">{{cite web|title=Mississippi Blues Trail|url=http://visitclarksdale.com/blues/mississippi-blues-trail|work=Visit Clarksdale|publisher=Coahoma County Tourism|access-date=March 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208201900/http://visitclarksdale.com/blues/mississippi-blues-trail|archive-date=February 8, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>|alt=]]
Izear Luster Turner Jr. was born in [[Clarksdale, Mississippi]], on November 5, 1931, to Beatrice Cushenberry, a [[seamstress]], and Izear Luster Turner, a [[Baptist]] minister.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bigbookofbluesbi00robe/page/410|title=The Big Book of Blues: A Biographical Encyclopedia|last=Santelli|first=Robert|publisher=Penguin|year=1993|isbn=0-14-015939-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/bigbookofbluesbi00robe/page/410 410]}}</ref><ref name="Christian-10-2008" /> His parents were [[Creole peoples|Creole]].{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=7}} Turner was the younger of their two children; his sister, Lee Ethel Knight, was "some ten years" his senior. When Turner applied for his first passport in the 1960s, he discovered that his name was registered as Ike Wister Turner. By then both of his parents were deceased, so he could not verify the origin of his name.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=7}}
Blues historian Ted Drozdowski claimed that Turner's father died in an industrial accident;<ref name="Drozdowski-12-13-2007">{{cite web|url=http://www.gibson.com/News-Lifestyle/Features/en-us/King-of-Rhythm_-Remembering-Ro.aspx|title=King of Rhythm: Rock and Roll Pioneer Ike Turner November 5, 1931 – December 12, 2007|last=Drozdowski|first=Ted|publisher=Gibson, Inc.|work=Gibson.com lifestyle features 12.13.2007|access-date=October 1, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131131240/http://www2.gibson.com/News-Lifestyle/Features/en-us/King-of-Rhythm_-Remembering-Ro.aspx|archive-date=January 31, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
according to Turner, he witnessed his father beaten and left for dead by a white man{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=7}} (another account given by Turner alleged that "a couple of pickup-truck loads of whites in khaki pants and khaki shirts" dragged his father away, returning him after having "kicked holes in his stomach").<ref>The Oxford American Book of Great Music Writing, ed. Marc Smirnoff, University of Arkansas Press, 2008, p. 169</ref> He claimed he was later told this assault was an act of retaliation over a woman with whom his father was having an affair, and that his father lived for two or three years as an invalid in a tent erected by the Health Department in the family's yard before succumbing to his injuries when Turner was about five years old.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=7}} Donald Brackett, author of ''Tumult! The Incredible Life of Tina Turner'', observed Turner "often related" this story, but that "like most Ike stories, it might need to be taken with a pound of salt."<ref>Tumult! The Incredible Life of Tina Turner, Donald Brackett, Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Ltd, 2020, p. 21</ref>
His mother remarried an artist named Philip Reese, who Turner described as a violent alcoholic.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=12}} One day after Reese gave him a whipping, Turner knocked him out with a length of [[lumber]] and ran away to [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]] for a few days before returning home.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=13}} Despite their troubled relationship, Turner moved his stepfather into one of his homes in St. Louis after his mother died in 1959 and took care of him until his death in 1961.<ref name=Collis-2003-p28 />
Turner recounted how he was [[Sexual assault|sexually assaulted]] at the age of six by a woman called Miss Boozie.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=16-17}} Walking past her house to school, she would invite him to help feed her chickens and then take him to bed. This continued daily for some time.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=17-19}} Turner was also sexually assaulted by another middle-aged woman, Miss Reedy, before he was twelve.<ref>{{Harvnb|Turner|1999|p=27}}</ref> Reflecting on these experiences, he stated: "That's probably why every relationship I was in was surrounded by sex. Sex was power to me."<ref name="Christian-10-2008" />
{{External media
| float = left
| width = 320px
| video1 = [http://www.namm.org/library/oral-history/ike-turner ''Oral History, Ike Turner shares moments of his life story and career''. (Interview date December 1, 2005), NAMM (National Association of Music Merchants) Oral History Library]}}
Turner attended Booker T. Washington Elementary School, then was promoted to Myrtle Hall in the sixth grade.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=28}} He quit school in the eighth grade and began working as an elevator operator at the [[New Alcazar Hotel|Alcazar Hotel]] in downtown Clarksdale.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=34}} During breaks, he would watch DJ John Friskillo play records at the radio station, [[WROX (AM)|WROX]], located in the hotel.<ref>{{Harvnb|Turner|1999|p=36}}</ref> WROX is noted for being the first radio station in Mississippi to employ a black DJ, [[Early Wright]].<ref name=Martin-12-17-1999>{{cite news|last=Martin|first=Douglas|title=Early Wright, 84, Disc Jockey Who Made the Delta Blue, Dies|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/17/arts/early-wright-84-disc-jockey-who-made-the-delta-blue-dies.html|access-date=October 2, 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|date=December 17, 1999}}{{subscription required}}</ref> One day, Friskillo spotted Turner watching and put him to work, teaching him the ins and outs of the control room.<ref name="WROX-a">{{Cite web|url=http://msbluestrail.org/blues-trail-markers/wrox|title=WROX|website=Mississippi Blues Trail}}</ref><ref name=Moser-03-16-2001>{{cite news|last=Moser|first=Margaret|title=Spotlight: Ike Turner Antone's, Midnight|url=http://www.austinchronicle.com/music/2001-03-16/spotlight-ike-turner/|access-date=November 4, 2011|newspaper=Auston Chronicle|date=March 16, 2001}}</ref> Soon, he was left to play records while Friskillo took coffee breaks.<ref name="Moser-03-16-2001" /><ref name="Collis-2003-27">{{harvnb|Collis|2003|p=27}}</ref> This led to Turner being offered a job by the station manager as the DJ on the late-afternoon shift. On his show, "Jive Till Five", he played a diverse range of music such as [[Roy Milton]] and [[Louis Jordan]] alongside early [[rockabilly]] records.<ref name=Collis-2003-p28>{{harvnb|Collis|2003|p=28}}</ref><ref name="WROX-a" />
Turner was inspired to learn the piano after he heard blues pianist [[Pinetop Perkins]] play at his friend [[Ernest Lane (musician)|Ernest Lane]]'s house.<ref name="Selvin-1997">{{Cite news|last=Selvin|first=Joe|date=September 14, 1997|title=POP QUIZ -- Q & A With Ike Turner|work=SFGATE|url=https://www.sfgate.com/music/popquiz/article/POP-QUIZ-Q-A-With-Ike-Turner-2807610.php|access-date=May 28, 2020}}</ref> Turner persuaded his mother to pay for piano lessons, but he did not take to the formal style of playing. Instead, he spent the money in a pool hall and learned [[boogie-woogie]] from Perkins.<ref>{{Harvnb|Turner|1999|pp=26–27}}</ref> At some point in the 1940s, Turner moved into Clarksdale's [[Riverside Hotel (Clarksdale, Mississippi)|Riverside Hotel]].<ref name="Huffman-2016">{{Cite web|last=Huffman|first=Alan|date=November 23, 2016|title=All the Blues Players Shacked Up at This Hotel|url=https://www.meridian.net/mississippi/2016/11/23/13729310/mississippi-riverside-hotel|access-date=March 1, 2021|website=Meridian|language=en|archive-date=September 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924235205/https://www.meridian.net/mississippi/2016/11/23/13729310/mississippi-riverside-hotel|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Riverside played host to touring musicians, including [[Sonny Boy Williamson II]] and [[Duke Ellington]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Riverside Hotel |url=https://msbluestrail.org/blues-trail-markers/riverside-hotel |access-date=July 22, 2023 |website=The Mississippi Blues Trail |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Huffman-2016" /> Turner associated with many of these musicians, and at 13 years old he backed Sonny Boy Williamson II on piano.<ref name="Kiersh-08-1985" />
==
=== 1946–1950: Formation of the Kings of Rhythm ===
{{Main|Kings of Rhythm}}
As a teenager, Turner joined a local rhythm ensemble called the Tophatters, who played around [[Clarksdale, Mississippi]].<ref name=Collis-2003-28>{{harvnb|Collis|2003|pp=28–30}}</ref> Members of the band were Clarksdale musicians and included Turner's school friends [[Raymond Hill (musician)|Raymond Hill]], Eugene Fox and [[Clayton Love]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mississippi Blues Trail-Ike Turner|url=http://www.msbluestrail.org/_webapp_3382162/Ike_Turner|work=Mississippi Blues Trail|publisher=Mississippi Blues Commission|access-date=October 1, 2011}}<br />{{cite web|title=Ike Turner's Kings of Rhythm – I'm Tore Up|year=1976 |url=http://www.discogs.com/Ike-Turners-Kings-Of-Rhythm-Im-Tore-Up/release/3049883|publisher=Discogs|access-date=October 1, 2011}}</ref> The Tophatters played [[big band]] arrangements from [[sheet music]]. Turner, who was trained by ear and could not [[sight read]], would learn the pieces by listening to a version on record at home, pretending to be reading the music during rehearsals.<ref name="Collis-2003-28" /> The Tophatters had over 30 members, but they broke up into two groups after six months to a year. One faction wanted to play [[jazz music]] and became the Dukes of Swing.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=40}} The other band led by Turner became the Kings of Rhythm. Turner said, "we wanted to play [[blues]], boogie-woogie and [[Roy Brown (blues musician)|Roy Brown]], [[Jimmy Liggins]], [[Roy Milton]]."<ref name="Collis-2003-28" /> Turner kept the name throughout his career, although it went through lineup changes over time. Their early stage performances consisted largely of covers of popular [[jukebox]] hits. [[B.B. King]] helped them to get a steady weekend gig and recommended them to [[Sam Phillips]] at [[Sun Studio|Memphis Recording Service]].<ref name="Pareles 12-13-2007">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/13/arts/music/13turner.html|title=Ike Turner, Musician and Songwriter in Duo With Tina Turner, Dies at 76|last=Pareles|first=Jon|date=December 13, 2007|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=September 30, 2011|issn=0362-4331}}{{subscription required}}</ref> In the 1950s, Turner's group got regular airplay from live sessions on the radio stations WROX in Clarksdale and [[KFFA (AM)|KFFA]] in [[Helena, Arkansas]].<ref name="Martin-12-17-1999" /><ref>{{cite journal|last=Hawkins|first=Martin|title=Sun- The Roots of Rock: Delta Rhythm Kings sleevenotes|year=1976|volume=3|series=Sun – The Roots of Rock}}</ref>
Around the time he was starting out with the Kings of Rhythm, Turner and Lane became unofficial [[Road crew|roadies]] for blues musician [[Robert Nighthawk]], who often played live on WROX.<ref name="Moser-03-16-2001" /> The pair played drums and piano on radio sessions. Turner gained experience performing by supporting Nighthawk at gigs around Clarksdale.<ref name="Palmer-06-20-19932">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-06-20-ca-5089-story.html|title=Commentary: What Ike Had to Do With It|last=Palmer|first=Robert|date=June 20, 1993|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|access-date=November 6, 2011}}{{subscription required}}</ref><ref name="Collis-2003-30">{{harvnb|Collis|2003|pp=30–31}}</ref> He played [[juke joint]]s alongside other local blues artists such as [[Elmore James]], [[Muddy Waters]], and [[Little Walter]].<ref name="Moser-03-16-2001" /> Performances typically lasted about twelve hours, from early evening to dawn the next day. Turner recalled, "there wasn't no intermission. If the drummer had to pee, I would play drums until he returned....There were no breaks. We just switched around."{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=43}}
=== 1951: "Rocket 88" ===
{{Main|Rocket 88}}
[[File:Sun Studio, Memphis, TN (3636820842).jpg|thumb|[[Sun Studio]] at 706 Union Avenue in [[Memphis, Tennessee]], where in 1951 Turner and the [[Kings of Rhythm]] recorded "[[Rocket 88]]", one of the first [[rock and roll]] records. Turner would later work at the studio as in-house producer for [[Sam Phillips]].|alt=]]
In March 1951, Turner and his band recorded the song "[[Rocket 88]]" at Memphis Recording Service.<ref name=":3" /> Turner's vocalist [[Johnny O'Neal (singer)|Johnny O'Neal]] had left to sign a solo contract with [[King Records (United States)|King Records]], so [[Jackie Brenston]], a saxophonist in the Kings of Rhythm, sang lead vocals while Turner was on piano. "Rocket 88" is notable among other things for Willie Kizart's [[Distortion (music)|distorted]] guitar sound.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Shepard|first=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pJvzEzjahkQC&q=rocket%2088%20distortion&pg=PA286|title=Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World|publisher=Continuum International|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8264-6322-7|series=Performance and Production|volume=II|page=286}}</ref>
Phillips licensed the recording to [[Chess Records]] in Chicago.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Sims |first=Lydel |date=March 28, 1951 |title=Rocket Becomes Flying Disc, Spins Toward Record Glory |pages=1 |work=The Commercial Appeal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-commercial-appeal-rocket-becomes-fly/133218311/}}</ref> Chess released it under the name "Jackie Brenston and His Delta Cats" instead of "Ike Turner and His Kings of Rhythm Featuring Jackie Brenston".{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=46}} Turner blamed Phillips for this misrepresentation. Soon after its release, the single caused a sensation and Turner performed with his band at the [[W.C. Handy Theatre]] in Memphis.<ref name=":3" />
The single reached [[List of Billboard number-one rhythm and blues hits|number-one]] on the [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|''Billboard'' R&B]] charts in June 1951 and spent 5 weeks on top of the charts.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=June 9, 1951|title=Best Selling Rhythm & Blues Records|url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/50s/1951/Billboard%201951-06-09.pdf|magazine=Billboard|pages=32}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|date=July 7, 1951|title=Most Played Juke Box Rhythm & Blues Records|url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/50s/1951/Billboard%201951-07-07.pdf|magazine=Billboard|pages=28}}</ref> The record sold approximately half a million copies. Turner and the band were paid $20 each for the record. The exception was Brenston, who sold the rights to Phillips for $910.{{Sfn|Turner|1986|p=55}} Phillips used profits from the success of the record to launch [[Sun Records]] in February 1952.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.culturesonar.com/rocket-88-one-of-the-pioneering-songs-of-rock/|title="Rocket 88": One of The Pioneering Songs of Rock|last=O'Toole|first=Kit|date=August 8, 2019|website=CultureSonar|language=en-US}}</ref>
The song is often cited as the first rock n' roll record,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2004/apr/16/popandrock |title=Will the creator of modern music please stand up? |date=April 16, 2004 |work=The Guardian |access-date=December 26, 2022 |quote=}}</ref> but in a later interview, Turner offered this assessment: "I don't think that 'Rocket 88' is rock 'n' roll. I think that 'Rocket 88' is R&B, but I think 'Rocket 88' is the cause of rock and roll existing".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/the-first-ever-rock-and-roll-song/|title=Listen to the first rock and roll song ever recorded|website=Faroutmagazine.com|date=November 13, 2021 |access-date=December 26, 2022}}</ref>
The success of "Rocket 88" generated tension and ego clashes in the band which culminated with Brenston leaving to pursue a solo career, causing the band to fall apart. Turner, without a band and disappointed his hit record had not created more opportunities for him, disbanded the Kings of Rhythm for a few years.<ref name="Palmer-06-20-19932" />
=== 1951–1954: Session musician and talent scout ===
Soon after the release of "Rocket 88", Turner moved to [[West Memphis, Arkansas]] and played with various local bands.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=47}} He then became a [[Freelancer|freelance]] talent scout, session musician, and production assistant for Sam Phillips at Sun Studio, commuting to Memphis, Tennessee. Wishing to exploit his [[Mississippi Delta|Delta]] music connections, the [[Bihari brothers]] at [[Modern Records]] also hired Turner as a talent scout, paying him to find southern musicians who might be worth recording.<ref name="Palmer-06-20-19932" /> Turner arranged for B.B. King and the [[The Beale Streeters|Beale Streeters]] to record for Modern at the [[YMCA]] in Memphis.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Salem|first=James M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bNIN6UB5G_EC&q=YMCA&pg=PA29|title=The Late, Great Johnny Ace and the Transition from R & B to Rock 'n' Roll'|date=2001|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=978-0-252-06969-7|pages=37|language=en}}</ref> Turner played piano on King's early records "[[You Know I Love You (B.B. King song)|You Know I Love You]]" and "[[3 O'Clock Blues]]", which became King's first two number-ones.<ref name=Collis-2003-52>{{harvnb|Collis|2003|pp=41–52}}</ref> According to Joe Bihari, Turner had brought King to his attention years prior. He said, "Ike wasn't more than sixteen then. He would send dubs of things he cut to us, and if we'd like them we'd make a seal or sign the artist. That's how we acquired B.B. King."<ref name="Farley-2011">{{Cite book|title=Soul of the Man: Bobby "Blue" Bland|last=Farley|first=Charles|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|year=2011|isbn=978-1-60473-919-0}}</ref> King also maintained that Turner introduced him to the Bihari brothers.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bbkingreader6dec00kost/page/7|title=The B.B. King Reader: 6 Decades of Commentary|last=Kostelanetz|first=Richard|publisher=Hal Leonard|year=2005|isbn=0-634-09927-2|editor-last=Kostelanetz|editor-first=Richard|edition=2nd|___location=Milwaukee, WI|pages=7|editor-last2=Reiswig|editor-first2=Jesse}}</ref>
Unaware of [[Royalty payment|songwriter's royalties]], Turner also wrote new material which the Biharis copyrighted under their own names.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=50}} They often purchased or claimed [[Songwriter|co-writer]] credit of songs written by artists on their labels using [[pseudonym]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allaboutbluesmusic.com/saul-bihari/|title=The Bihari Brothers|date=February 22, 2013|website=All About Blues Music|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Yardley|first=William|date=December 12, 2013|title=Joe Bihari, Who Put Early R&B on Record, Dies at 88 (Published 2013)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/12/arts/music/joe-bihari-who-put-early-rb-on-record-dies-at-88.html|access-date=March 2, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Turner estimated he wrote seventy-eight hit records for the Biharis.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=50}} Artists Turner discovered for Modern and Sun include [[Bobby Bland]], [[Howlin' Wolf]], [[Rosco Gordon]], [[Boyd Gilmore]], [[Houston Boines]], [[Charley Booker]], and [[Little Milton]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Broven|first=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y3zdJ66VAOQC&q=houston+boines+ike+turner&pg=PA155|title=Record Makers and Breakers: Voices of the Independent Rock 'n' Roll Pioneers|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-252-09401-9|pages=155|language=en}}</ref> He played piano in sessions with them and lesser-known artists such as [[the Prisonaires]], [[Driftin' Slim]], Ben Burton, Matt Cockrell, [[Dennis Binder]], Sunny Blair, and Baby Face Turner.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=246}}<ref name="Collis-2003-52" />
Turner was contracted to the Bihari brothers, but he continued to work for Phillips, where he was effectively the in-house producer. This sometimes created conflicts of interest.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=December 22, 1951|title=Chess, Biharis Skirmish; This Time Over Wolf|url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/50s/1951/Billboard%201951-12-22.pdf|magazine=Billboard|pages=17}}</ref> In 1951, Turner recorded two Howlin' Wolf tracks for Phillips, playing piano on "[[How Many More Years]]" and "[[Moanin' at Midnight]]", which Phillips sent to Chess.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/howlin-wolf/biography|title=Howlin' Wolf Bio|magazine=Rolling Stone|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109044148/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/howlin-wolf/biography|archive-date=January 9, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Collis-1998" /> Turner and Howlin' Wolf then recorded a version of "Moanin' at Midnight" at radio station [[KWAM|KWEM]] in West Memphis without Phillips' or the [[Chess Records#Chess brothers' company|Chess brothers']] knowledge. He sent the results to the Biharis at Modern and they released it on their subsidiary label [[RPM Records (United States)|RPM Records]].<ref name="Collis-1998">{{Cite book|last=Collis|first=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZASIpS00zv8C&q=%22Moanin'+at+Midnight%22+ike+turner&pg=PA54|title=The Story of Chess Records|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|year=1998|isbn=978-1-58234-005-0|pages=54|language=en}}</ref> Turner also attempted to poach Elmore James from [[Trumpet Records]] and record him for Modern. Trumpet found out and Modern had to cancel the record. However, James did eventually sign with Modern, and Turner played on his recordings that were released on Modern's subsidiary label [[Flair Records]].<ref name="Collis-2003-52" /><ref name="Club desire">{{cite web|title=Club Desire, Canton|url=http://www.msbluestrail.org/blues-trail-markers/club-desire|work=Mississippi Blues Trail marker|publisher=Mississippi Blues Commission|access-date=March 27, 2012}}</ref>
While in [[Helena, Arkansas|Helena]], Turner tried to recruit [[Little Walter]] to record for Modern in January 1952, but Little Walter was on his way to Mississippi.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jfa3AAAAQBAJ&q=ike+turner&pg=PA163|title=The Voice of the Blues: Classic Interviews from Living Blues Magazine|last1=O'Neal|first1=Jim|last2=Singel|first2=Amy van|date=September 5, 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-70741-4|pages=131|language=en}}</ref> In 1952, Turner discovered [[Junior Parker|Little Junior Parker]] in West Memphis, and they formed a band with [[Matt "Guitar" Murphy]].<ref name="Selvin-1997" /> Turner recorded Parker's first single, "You're My Angel" / "Bad Women, Bad Whiskey", credited to Little Junior Parker and the Blue Flames.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Matt "Guitar" Murphy|url=https://blues.org/blues_hof_inductee/matt-guitar-murphy/|access-date=March 2, 2021|website=Blues Foundation|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Farley-2011" /> That summer Turner recorded with the new vocalist and pianist in his band, Marion Louis Lee, resulting in "My Heart Belongs to You" / "Looking for My Baby". The records were released on RPM as Bonnie and Ike Turner and they performed together at the [[Hippodrome (Memphis)|Hippodrome]] in Memphis.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 31, 1952 |title=The Hippodrome's Annual Labor Day Breakfast Dance - Sunday Night, August 31 (Advertisement) |pages=6 Section V |work=The Commercial Appeal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-commercial-appeal-ike-turner-and-bon/130257833/}}</ref> Turner married Lee in September 1952.<ref name="706 Union Avenue Sessions" />
Unbeknownst to Turner, during his time in West Memphis, he met [[Elvis Presley]], who was a truck driver.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeout.com/newyork/music/ike-turner|title=Ike Turner|last=Ruttenberg|first=Jay|date=May 17, 2001|website=Time Out New York|language=en|access-date=December 31, 2019|archive-date=December 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230012706/https://www.timeout.com/newyork/music/ike-turner|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|date=August 2001|title=Bobbito plays the tracks. Ike Turner states the facts.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gSYEAAAAMBAJ&q=west+Memphis+ike+turner&pg=PA62|magazine=Vibe|pages=62}}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He recalled, "[Presley] was just a white boy that would come over to black clubs. He would come in and stand behind the piano and watch me play. I never knew he was no musician."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4724825/Rocky-road-to-rock-and-roll.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4724825/Rocky-road-to-rock-and-roll.html |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Rocky road to rock and roll|last=Maycock|first=James|date=August 3, 2001|website=The Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Turner discovered his identity many years later after Presley approached him when they were both playing at the [[Westgate Las Vegas|International Hotel]].{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=47}}
To accommodate his then-wife Bonnie, who also played piano, Turner taught himself how to play guitar by ear, and [[Willie Kizart]] taught him blues guitar techniques.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=58}} He began playing guitar in sessions in 1953, and by 1954, with the assistance of Joe Bihari, he built a makeshift recording studio at a defunct [[Greyhound Lines|Greyhound]] bus station in Clarksdale.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=246}} Turner used his Kings of Rhythm as session musicians. They played on many recordings for Bihari's Modern, RPM, and Flair labels. Some of the artists Turner backed on piano and guitar during this period include Elmore James, [[Johnny Ace]] and [[the Flairs]].<ref name="Discogs">{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Ike-Turner-That-Kat-Sure-Could-Play-The-Singles-1951-To-1957/release/5135357|title=Ike Turner – That Kat Sure Could Play! The Singles 1951 To 1957|website=Discogs|year=2010 }}</ref> Around this time Turner discovered [[Billy "The Kid" Emerson]] in [[Greenville, Mississippi|Greenville]]. He brought Emerson to record at Sun Records and backed him on guitar in 1954.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sunrecords.com/artists/billy-the-kid-emerson|title=Billy "The Kid" Emerson – Sun Record Company|website=Sun Records|date=March 27, 2012}}</ref>
=== 1954–1959: St. Louis ===
In 1954, Turner visited his sister Lee Ethel Knight in [[St. Louis, Missouri]]. During his stay, he went clubbing at Ned Love's in [[East St. Louis, Illinois]]. Love invited Turner and his band to play at his club.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Durchholz-2001">{{Cite web|url=https://www.riverfronttimes.com/stlouis/we-like-ike/Content?oid=2471513|title=We Like Ike|last=Durchholz|first=Daniel|date=May 16, 2001|website=Riverfront Times}}</ref> Eventually, Turner returned with his reformed version of the Kings of Rhythm. The band consisted of Willie Kizart on guitar, Willie "Bad Boy" Sims on drums, vocalist Johnny O'Neal, Turner's nephew Jesse Knight Jr. on bass, and Turner's wife Annie Mae Wilson on piano and vocals.<ref name=Palmer-1992>{{harvnb|DeCurtis|1992|pp=32–36}}</ref>
Turner maintained strict discipline and the band lived at his home on Virginia Place in East St. Louis which doubled as a studio.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=66}} A [[Teetotalism|teetotaler]] at the time, he avoided drugs and insisted all band members also adopt this policy, firing anyone he even suspected of breaking the rules.<ref name="Christian-10-2008" /> Turner established his group as one of the most highly rated on the St. Louis club circuit, vying for popularity with their main competition, [[Johnnie Johnson (musician)|Sir John's Trio]] featuring [[Chuck Berry]].<ref name=Palmer-1992 /> The bands would play all-nighters in St. Louis, then cross the river to the clubs of East St. Louis, and continue playing until dawn. Initially, they played for predominately black audiences at clubs in Illinois such as the [[Club Manhattan]] in East St. Louis, which Turner and his band built, the [[Club Riviera]] in St. Louis, the Harlem Club in Brookline and the Kingsbury in [[Madison, Illinois|Madison]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 24, 1957 |title=Club Riviera - In Person Sat., May 25 - Ike Turner (Advertisement) |pages=19 |work=The St. Louis Argus |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-st-louis-argus-ike-turner-at-club-r/131926052/}}</ref>{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=62}} In St. Louis, Turner was exposed to a white audience who were excited by R&B. He played at the Moonlight Bar, Latin Quarter, and the [[Club Imperial]], which was popular with white teenagers.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Finney |first=Chick |date=October 14, 1955 |title="Chick" Finney's Blue Notes |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-st-louis-argus-ike-turner-at-ned-lo/131188749/ |work=[[St. Louis Argus|The St. Louis Argus]] |pages=22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Duncan |first=Steve |date=January 20, 1956 |title='Cry Me A Creek' |pages=9 |work=The St. Louis Argus}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=January 19, 2018 |title=Club Imperial in St. Louis in Its Heyday [PHOTOS] |url=https://www.riverfronttimes.com/stlouis/club-imperial-in-st-louis-in-its-heyday-photos/Slideshow/37134777/37091972 |access-date=September 4, 2023 |website=Riverfront Times |language=en}}</ref> He also gained a big following at Club DeLisa and locally he was acknowledged as the "King of Rock and Roll."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lonesome |first=Buddy |date=August 9, 1957 |title=Ike Turner Converts Renovated Tavern Into Rock and Roll Rendezvous |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-st-louis-argus-ike-turner-converts/132488061/ |journal=The St. Louis Argus |pages=13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lonesome |first=Buddy |date=November 30, 1956 |title=Strolling Along The Avenoo |pages=23 |work=The St. Louis Argus}}</ref> As his popularity grew among both whites and blacks, he demanded that the clubs should be integrated.<ref name="Durchholz-2001" /> He performed regularly on [[Dave Dixon (DJ)|Dave Dixon]]'s radio show, which aired live from the Birdcage Lounge, on [[KSTL (AM)|KSTL]].<ref name=":2" /> He also had live music broadcasts on the St. Louis radio station [[KATZ (AM)|KATZ]].<ref name="Durchholz-2001" />
In between live dates, Turner took the band to [[Cincinnati]] to record for [[Federal Records]] in 1956. The single, "I'm Tore Up" / "If I Never Had Known You" featuring [[Billy Gayles]], was released in April 1956.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=April 28, 1956 |title=Reviews of New R&B Records |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/50s/1956/Billboard%201956-04-28.pdf |magazine=Billboard |pages=60}}</ref> It became a regional hit and Turner's booking fee doubled after its release.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Finney |first=Chick |date=December 28, 1956 |title="Chick" Finney's Blue Notes |pages=22 |work=The St. Louis Argus}}</ref> Like Brenston years prior, Gayles left Turner's band to pursue a solo career.{{Sfn|Turner|1986|p=57}} In 1958, Turner took the band to Chicago to record for [[Cobra Records|Cobra/Artistic]], as well as fulfilling his contract as a session musician back at Sun. While in Chicago, Turner backed [[Otis Rush]], playing the signature vibrato guitar parts on "[[Double Trouble (Otis Rush song)|Double Trouble]]".<ref name="Obrecht-2000">{{Cite book|last=Obrecht|first=Jas|url=https://archive.org/details/rollintumblinpos00obre|title=Rollin' and Tumblin': The Postwar Blues Guitarists|publisher=Miller Freeman|year=2000|isbn=0-87930-613-0|pages=9, 349|oclc=472553017|url-access=registration}}</ref> He also helped [[Buddy Guy]] record his second record,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-08-27-9308270347-story.html|title=Ike Turner Upbeat On His Future|last=Dahl|first=Bill|date=August 27, 1993|website=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> resulting in the single "You Sure Can't Do" / "This Is The End", on which Turner played guitar and composed the latter.<ref name="45cat-BGuy">{{Cite web|url=http://www.45cat.com/record/1503us|title=Buddy Guy And His Band – You Sure Can't Do/This Is The End|website=45cat}}</ref>
Turner befriended St. Louis R&B fan Bill Stevens, who set up the short-lived [[Stevens Records]] in 1959.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetelegraph.com/features/article/Lucky-break-Rhythm-runs-through-renowned-Ike-12599377.php|title=Lucky break: Rhythm runs through renowned Ike & Tina guitarist's veins|last=Moon|first=Jill|date=August 24, 2016|newspaper=Alton Telegraph|access-date=November 5, 2019|archive-date=November 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105014906/https://www.thetelegraph.com/features/article/Lucky-break-Rhythm-runs-through-renowned-Ike-12599377.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Turner released two singles on the Stevens label, "Jack Rabbit" / "In Your Eyes Baby" and "Ho–Ho" / "Hey–Hey."<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=September 7, 1959 |title=Reviews of New Pop Records |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/50s/1959/Billboard%201959-09-07.pdf |magazine=Billboard |pages=45}}</ref> He used the [[anagram]] "Icky Renrut" because he was still under contract with Sun for several more months, and he didn't want to cause friction with Phillips.<ref name="Palmer-1992" /> In addition, Turner recorded numerous sessions for Stevens with various vocalists and musician lineups of the Kings of Rhythm.{{Sfn|Collis|2003|p=154}}
=== 1960–1976: The Ike and Tina Turner Revue ===
{{Main|Ike & Tina Turner}}
[[File:Ike and Tina Turner, 1966.png|alt=The duo seated and singing|thumb|right|Ike & Tina Turner by [[Dennis Hopper]] for the album [[River Deep – Mountain High (album)|''River Deep – Mountain High'']] (1966)]]
In 1956, Ann Bullock<!-- This is not a typo. She went by Ann not Anna Mae once she was a teenager. --> accompanied her sister [[Alline Bullock]] to watch Turner and the Kings of Rhythm at the Club Manhattan in East St. Louis.{{Sfn|Turner|1986|p=60}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gleason |first=Ralph J. |date=November 16, 1969 |title=Tina Turner - A Triumph of Instant Ecstasy |pages=37 |work=San Francisco Sunday Examiner & Chronicle |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-tina-turner/129434829/}}</ref> Alline was a [[Bartender|barmaid]] at the club and was dating Turner's drummer Eugene Washington.<ref name="Olson-2016">{{Cite book|title=That St. Louis Thing, Vol. 2: An American Story of Roots, Rhythm and Race|last=Olson|first=Bruce R.|publisher=Lulu Publishing Services|year=2016|isbn=978-1-4834-5799-4}}</ref> Through her sister and Washington, Ann Bullock asked Turner to sing with his band.{{Sfn|Turner|1986|p=61}}{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=71}} Turner said he'd call her onstage, but he never did.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=71}} One night during an [[intermission]], she got hold of the microphone from Washington and sang "You Know I Love You" by B.B. King.{{Sfn|Turner|1986|p=62}} Impressed by her voice, Turner invited her to sing with the band. She made her recording debut on Turner's song "[[Boxtop (Ike Turner song)|Boxtop]]", released on Tune Town Records in 1958.{{Sfn|Turner|1986|p=71-72}}
In March 1960, Turner allowed her to record a demo of his self-penned song "[[A Fool in Love]]". He intended to use the demo as guide track for [[Art Lassiter]], who did not attend the scheduled recording session at [[Technisonic Studios]].<ref name="Durchholz-2001" /> A local DJ suggested he send the record to [[Sue Records]] in New York, where label owner [[Juggy Murray]] insisted on releasing the track with Bullock's vocal. Murray offered a $20,000 advance for the song and suggested Turner "make her the star" of his show.<ref name=Collis-2003>{{harvnb|Collis|2003|pp=70–76}}</ref> Turner then renamed her "Tina" because it rhymed with Sheena; however, family and friends still called her Ann.<!-- This is not a typo. She went by Ann not Anna Mae once she was a teenager. --><ref name="Greensmith-2015" /> He was inspired by [[Sheena, Queen of the Jungle]] and [[Nyoka the Jungle Girl]] to create her stage persona.<ref>{{Harvnb|Turner|1999|p=35}}</ref> He had the name "Tina Turner" trademarked, so that in case she left, another singer could perform under the same name.<ref>{{Harvnb|Turner|1999|pp=74–75}}</ref>
The single "A Fool In Love" was released in July 1960, and it became a national hit, selling a million copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 18, 1960 |title=Disk Spins and Platter Chatter |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-louisville-defender-ike-tina-turne/172955584/ |access-date=2025-05-23 |work=The Louisville Defender |pages=13}}</ref> It peaked at No. 2 on the [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|''Billboard'' R&B]] chart and No. 27 on the [[Billboard Hot 100|Hot 100]].<ref name="Music VF" /> Turner added a backing [[girl group]] he renamed [[the Ikettes]], and along with the Kings of Rhythm they began performing as the Ike & Tina Turner Revue. The success of the single was followed by a string of hits including "[[I Idolize You]]", "[[Poor Fool (Ike & Tina Turner song)|Poor Fool]]", and "[[It's Gonna Work Out Fine]]" which gave them their second million-seller and their first Grammy nomination.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=November 23, 2020 |title=Ike & Tina Turner |url=https://www.grammy.com/artists/ike-tina-turner/13017 |website=Recording Academy Grammy Awards}}</ref>
In 1961, Turner played piano on [[Albert King]]'s first hit record, "[[Don't Throw Your Love on Me So Strong]]". The single, released on King Records, peaked at No. 14 on the ''Billboard'' R&B chart.<ref name="Obrecht-2000" /> He also wrote and produced the Ikettes hit "[[I'm Blue (The Gong-Gong Song)]]".<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=July 10, 2017|title=100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time: Critics' Picks|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/7857816/100-greatest-girl-group-songs|access-date=March 2, 2021|magazine=Billboard|language=en}}</ref>
The Revue performed rigorously on the [[Chitlin' Circuit]] and built a reputation as "one of the hottest, most durable, and potentially most explosive of all R&B ensembles."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.history-of-rock.com/ike_and_tina_turner.htm|title=Ike and Tina Turner|last=Peneny|first=Douglas|website=The History of Rock 'n' Roll: The Golden Decade 1954–1963|access-date=July 26, 2019}}</ref> To assure he always had a record out while on tour, Turner formed multiple labels such as Sputnik, [[Teena Records|Teena]], [[Prann Records|Prann]], [[Innis Records|Innis]], [[Sony Records|Sony]] and [[Sonja Records|Sonja]].<ref name="Billboard-1963">{{Cite magazine|date=November 9, 1963|title=Ike Turner Forms Label|url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/60s/1963/Billboard%201963-11-09.pdf|magazine=Billboard|pages=4}}</ref> He produced singles by the Ikettes, [[Jimmy Thomas]], [[Fontella Bass]], [[George Jackson (songwriter)|George Jackson]], and other artists on his labels.<ref name="Greensmith-2015">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPCVCgAAQBAJ&q=ann&pg=PA260|title=Blues Unlimited: Essential Interviews from the Original Blues Magazine|last=Greensmith|first=Bill|publisher=University of Illinois Press|others=Russell, Tony, Camarigg, Mark, Rowe, Mike|year=2015|isbn=978-0-252-09750-8|___location=Urbana, Chicago, and Springfield|pages=247–248|oclc=922018263}}</ref> The duo switched to Turner's Sonja label in 1963.<ref name="Billboard-1963" /> For the next six years, they recorded on [[Warner Records|Warner Bros.]]/[[Loma Records|Loma]], Modern/[[Kent Records|Kent]], Cenco, [[Philles Records|Philles]], [[Tangerine Records (1963)|Tangerine]], [[Pompeii Records|Pompeii]], [[Blue Thumb Records|Blue Thumb]], [[Minit Records|Minit]], and [[A&M Records|A&M]].<ref name="Callahan-31-10-2011">{{cite web|last=Callahan|first=Michael|title=The Sue Records Story|url=http://www.bsnpubs.com/nyc/sue/suestory.html|work=Both Sides Now|publisher=Mike Callahan|access-date=October 31, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111229092251/http://www.bsnpubs.com/nyc/sue/suestory.html|archive-date=December 29, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Between 1964 and 1965, they scored fourteen top 40 R&B hits with "[[You Can't Miss Nothing That You Never Had]]", "[[Tell Him I'm Not Home|Tell Her I'm Not Home]]", "[[Good Bye, So Long]]", and "[[Two Is a Couple]]".<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=November 20, 1965|title=Top 50 In R&B Locations|url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/60s/1965/CB-1965-11-20.pdf|magazine=Cash Box|pages=36}}</ref><ref name="Music VF" /> Around this time, [[Jimi Hendrix]] briefly played backing guitar in the band.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roby |first=Steven |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JFJ5tE1vP1QC&q=ike+and+tina+turner |title=Hendrix on Hendrix: Interviews and Encounters with Jimi Hendrix |date=October 1, 2012 |publisher=Chicago Review Press |isbn=978-1-61374-324-9 |pages=20 |language=en}}</ref>
In 1965, [[Phil Spector]] saw them perform at a club on the [[Sunset Strip]] and invited them to film ''[[The Big T.N.T. Show]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Loder|first=Kurt|date=March 1, 1985|title=Tina Turner Stages Rock-Solid Comeback|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1985-03-01-8501120240-story.html|access-date=March 2, 2021|website=Chicago Tribune|language=en-US}}</ref> Impressed by their performance, Spector negotiated a deal with their manager [[Bob Krasnow]], head of Loma Records, offering $20,000 to produce Tina and have them released from their Loma contract.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=April 23, 1966|title=Philips Signs Ike & Tina Turner|url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/60s/1966/CB-1966-04-23.pdf|magazine=Cash Box|pages=45}}</ref><ref name="Fong-Torres-1971">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/tales-of-ike-and-tina-turner-237489/|title=Tales of Ike and Tina Turner|last=Fong-Torres|first=Ben|date=October 14, 1971|magazine=Rolling Stone}}{{subscription required}}</ref> After Tina and Spector recorded "[[River Deep – Mountain High]]", the duo signed to Spector's Philles label in 1966.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=April 30, 1966|title=Ike & Tina to Philles|url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/60s/1966/CB-1966-04-30.pdf|magazine=Cash Box|pages=56}}</ref> The failure of the single in America triggered Spector's retreat from the music industry. However, it was a hit in Europe, reaching No. 3 on the [[UK Singles Chart]] and No. 1 on [[Los 40]] Principales in Spain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://los40.com/lista40/cuando_naciste/19661217|title=Cuando nací era número 1 de los 40: (1966-12-17) Ike & Tina Turner–River deep – Mountain high |author=<!-- not stated --> |website=LOS40|language=es|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322142547/https://los40.com/lista40/cuando_naciste/19661217|archive-date=March 22, 2020 |access-date=June 9, 2025}}</ref><ref name="Michael Billig, 2001">{{cite book |last=Billig |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yQHJC4F6zeUC&pg=PA109 |title=Rock 'n' roll Jews |page=110 |publisher=Syracuse University Press |isbn=978-0-8156-0705-2 |date=June 1, 2001 }}</ref> Following the song's success in the UK, they were invited to open for [[the Rolling Stones]] on their [[The Rolling Stones British Tour 1966|1966 British Tour.]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Belsey |first=James |date=1966-10-21 |title=Ike & Tina Say R & B Is Back |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/evening-post-ike-and-tina-turner-at-loca/128902039/ |access-date=2025-05-23 |work=Evening Post |pages=40}}</ref><ref name="Weingarten-06-12-2017">{{cite news|last=Weingarten|first=Christopher|title=The 50 Greatest Concerts of the Last 50 Years|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/the-50-greatest-concerts-of-the-last-50-years-w478854/ike-and-tina-turner-american-tour-w478862|access-date=November 5, 2017|newspaper=Rolling Stone|date=June 12, 2017|archive-date=November 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107025229/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/the-50-greatest-concerts-of-the-last-50-years-w478854/ike-and-tina-turner-american-tour-w478862|url-status=dead}}</ref> This exposure introduced them to a wider audience outside of R&B. Soon they were booking bigger venues, and by 1969 they were headlining in Las Vegas.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=October 4, 1969|title=Ike & Tina Strive to Soulfulize Vegas Hearts|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/60s/1969/BB-1969-10-04.pdf|magazine=Billboard|pages=SC-7}}</ref> [[File:Ike & Tina Turner (1971).jpg|left|thumb|Ike & Tina Turner arriving at [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol]] in 1971]]
In April 1969, Turner and the Kings of Rhythm released an album, ''[[A Black Man's Soul]]'', on Pompeii Records.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=April 26, 1969|title=16 Spring Albums From Atlantic|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/60s/1969/CB-1969-04-26.pdf|magazine=Cash Box|pages=32}}</ref> The album earned Turner his first solo Grammy nomination for [[Grammy Award for Best R&B Instrumental Performance|Best R&B Instrumental Performance]] at the [[12th Annual Grammy Awards]].<ref name="Grammy-2020">{{Cite web |date=November 23, 2020 |title=Ike Turner |url=https://www.grammy.com/artists/ike-turner/10375 |website=Recording Academy Grammy Awards |language=en}}</ref> Later that year, the duo released the blues-oriented albums [[Outta Season (album)|''Outta Season'']] and [[The Hunter (Ike & Tina Turner album)|''The Hunter'']] on Blue Thumb Records. Turner and Bob Krasnow, founder of Blue Thumb, co-produced [[Earl Hooker]]'s 1969 album [[Sweet Black Angel (Earl Hooker album)|''Sweet Black Angel'']].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Bogdanov|first1=Vladimir|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qYtz7kEHegEC&q=earl+hooker+Sweet+Black+Angel+turner&pg=PA244|title=All Music Guide to the Blues: The Definitive Guide to the Blues|last2=Woodstra|first2=Chris|last3=Erlewine|first3=Stephen Thomas|date=2003|publisher=Hal Leonard Corporation|isbn=978-0-87930-736-3|pages=244|language=en}}</ref> In November, the Ike & Tina Turner Revue opened for the Rolling Stones on their [[The Rolling Stones American Tour 1969|1969 American Tour]].<ref name="Fong-Torres-1971" />
In January 1970, they performed on ''[[The Ed Sullivan Show]]'' and released their rendition of "[[Come Together]]", which reached No. 21 on the R&B chart. Their cover of "[[I Want to Take You Higher]]" by [[Sly and the Family Stone]] was also successful on the charts in 1970. Turner, who was a friend of [[Sly Stone]], played guitar on Sly and the Family Stone's album ''[[There's a Riot Goin' On]]'' (1971).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.clashmusic.com/features/classic-album-sly-and-the-family-stone-theres-a-riot-goin-on|title=Classic Album: Sly and the Family Stone – There's A Riot Goin' On|date=December 11, 2009|website=Clash Magazine|language=en|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510195423/https://www.clashmusic.com/features/classic-album-sly-and-the-family-stone-theres-a-riot-goin-on|archive-date=May 10, 2020}}</ref> The release of "[[Proud Mary]]" in 1971 became Ike & Tina Turner's biggest hit, reaching No. 4 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 and No. 5 on the R&B chart.<ref name="Music VF">{{Cite web|title=Ike & Tina Turner Top Songs / Chart Singles Discography|url=https://www.musicvf.com/songs.php?page=artist&artist=Ike+%26+Tina+Turner&tab=songchartstab&sort=songdown&filter=all|access-date=May 27, 2020|website=Music VF}}</ref> It sold more than a million copies, and won the duo a [[Grammy Award]] for [[Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals|Best R&B Vocal Performance by a Group]] at the [[14th Annual Grammy Awards]].<ref name="Grammy-2020" />
Their mainstream success provided Turner with the finances to open his own recording studio, [[Bolic Sound]] in [[Inglewood, California|Inglewood]], in 1972.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=March 4, 1972|title=Ike & Tina Turner's Bolic Sound Studio|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wCgEAAAAMBAJ&q=Bolic+Sound+recording+studio&pg=PA58|magazine=Billboard|pages=58}}</ref> Turner had two [[Multitrack recording|sixteen track]] studios built, a large one to rent out and a smaller one for his personal recordings. He fitted them out with [[state-of-the-art]] equipment.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Sutherland|first=Sam|date=March 18, 1972|title=Studio Track|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/70s/1972/BB-1972-03-18.pdf|magazine=Billboard|pages=8}}</ref> Artists who recorded there included [[Paul McCartney]], [[George Harrison]], [[Duane Allman]], [[Little Richard]], [[Gayle McCormick]], and [[Frank Zappa]].<ref name="Kiersh-08-1985" />
Turner released two solo albums for [[United Artists Records]], ''[[Blues Roots]]'' (1972) and ''[[Bad Dreams (Ike Turner album)|Bad Dreams]]'' (1973). In 1973, the duo released "[[Nutbush City Limits]]" penned by Tina. The single peaked at No. 22 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, No. 11 on the R&B chart and it was a bigger hit in Europe.<ref name="Music VF" /> The Turners received the Golden European Record Award, the first ever given, for selling more than one million records of "Nutbush City Limits" in Europe.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=December 28, 1974|title=Golden First For The Turner's|url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Cash-Box/70s/1974/CB-1974-12-28.pdf|magazine=Cash Box|pages=116}}</ref>
During this period, Turner produced singer [[Judy Cheeks]]' debut album ''Judy Cheeks'' (1973),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Judy-Cheeks-Judy-Cheeks/release/2717332|title=Judy Cheeks – Judy Cheeks|website=Discogs|year=1973 }}</ref> and the last album by the Ikettes, ''[[(G)Old & New]]'' (1974). In 1974, Ike and Tina released the album ''[[The Gospel According to Ike & Tina|The Gospel According to Ike & Tina Turner]].''<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=April 27, 1974 |title=Top Album Picks - Religious |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/70s/1974/Billboard%201974-04-27.pdf |magazine=Billboard |pages=54}}</ref> The album was nominated for [[Grammy Award for Best Soul Gospel Performance, Male|Best Soul Gospel ''Performance'']].<ref name=":0" /> Turner also earned a solo nomination for his single "[[Farther Along (song)|Father Alone]]".<ref name="Grammy-2020" /> Between 1974 and 1975, the duo released the singles "[[Sweet Rhode Island Red (song)|Sweet Rhode Island Red]]", "[[Sexy Ida]]", and "[[Baby, Get It On]]".<ref name="Music VF" />[[File:Ike & Tina Turner 231172 Dia14.jpg|thumb|Ike & Tina Turner performing at [[Laeiszhalle|Musikhalle Hamburg]] in Hamburg, 1972|alt=]]The Ike & Tina Turner Revue ended abruptly in 1976.<ref name="Collis-2003" /> That year, they headlined at the [[Waldorf Astoria New York]] and signed a television deal with [[CBS]]-TV.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=April 15, 1976|title=Trouble Trails Tina Turner|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dcADAAAAMBAJ&q=astoria|magazine=Jet|pages=58–61}}</ref> Turner had plans to leave United Artists Records for a five-year $150,000 per year deal with [[Cream Records]], which was to be signed on July 6.<ref name="Turner 1999 180">{{Harvnb|Turner|1999|p=180}}</ref> On July 1, the Turners got into a violent altercation en route to their gig at the [[Dallas Statler Hilton]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Turner|1999|p=182}}</ref> Turner later claimed that Tina initiated the conflict by purposely irritating him so that she would have a reason to break up with him before they signed the new contract.<ref name="Turner 1999 180" /> Tina fled from the hotel shortly after they arrived, and filed for divorce on July 27, 1976. She would later describe a relationship in which Turner was frequently violent and abusive, sometimes beating her with wooden objects like a shoe-stretcher or hanger. The night she left, his beating left her face bruised, swollen, and bleeding.<ref name="EW-19960802">{{Cite magazine|url=http://ew.com/article/1996/08/02/tina-turner-left-ike-20-years-ago/|title=Tina Turner left Ike 20 years ago|last=Tyehimba|first=Cheo|date=August 2, 1996|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=January 11, 2019}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.oprah.com/omagazine/oprahs-interview-with-tina-turner/all/|title=Oprah Talks to Tina Turner|last=Winfrey|first=Opray|date=May 2005|magazine=[[O Magazine]]|access-date=May 26, 2023|archive-date=May 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526012351/https://www.oprah.com/omagazine/oprahs-interview-with-tina-turner/all|url-status=dead}}</ref>
United Artists responded to the Turners' separation by releasing albums of compiled recordings from their last sessions together, ''[[Delilah's Power]]'' (1977) and ''[[Airwaves (Ike & Tina Turner album)|Airwaves]]'' (1978). Two years after their divorce was finalized, Turner released the single "Party Vibes" / "[[Shame, Shame, Shame (Shirley & Company song)|Shame, Shame, Shame]]" from the album ''[[The Edge (Ike Turner album)|The Edge]]'' (1980) which peaked at No. 27 on the [[Dance Club Songs|''Billboard'' Disco Top 100]] chart.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=November 1, 1980|title=Billboard Disco Top 100|url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/80s/1980/BB-1980-11-01.pdf|magazine=Billboard|pages=39}}</ref>
=== 1977–2007: Later career ===
After his breakup with Tina, singer [[Holle Thee Maxwell|Holly Maxwell]] sang with Turner on occasion from 1977 to 1985 and again for eight months in 1992. She reported a positive working relationship with Turner, and later released the memoir ''Freebase Ain't Free'' about their close friendship.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Krakow|first=Steve|date=July 2, 2020|title=From soul sweetheart to blues bombshell|url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/holle-thee-maxwell-holly-blues-soul-black-blonde-bombshell/Content?oid=81023600|access-date=March 2, 2021|website=Chicago Reader|language=en|archive-date=November 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104062536/https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/holle-thee-maxwell-holly-blues-soul-black-blonde-bombshell/Content?oid=81023600|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1979, Turner spent time in the studio with [[Chaka Khan]] following her separation from her manager-husband. She told ''[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]]'': "He's been real inspiration and a catalyst emotionally and in other ways as well. We plan to record together."<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=August 30, 1979|title=Chaka, Hubby Split; Not Talking Divorce|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEIDAAAAMBAJ&q=chaka+khan+ike+1979&pg=PA53|magazine=Jet|pages=53}}</ref> Turner struggled to find success due to his cocaine addiction and run-ins with the law.<ref name="Strauss-08-22-1996">{{cite news|last=Strauss|first=Neil|date=August 22, 1996|title=The Pop Life: Ike Turner Return|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/22/arts/the-pop-life-953288.html|access-date=October 3, 2011}}{{subscription required}}</ref> In 1988, Turner attempted an ill-fated return to the stage with [[Lyrica Garrett|Marcy Thomas]], Bonnie Johnson, and [[Jeanette Bazzell Turner|Jeanette Bazzell]] as his Ikettes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-10-10-ca-2727-story.html|title=Ike Turner Doesn't Quite Get It Turned Around|last=Willman|first=Chris|date=October 10, 1988|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}{{subscription required}}</ref>
While Turner was in prison following a drug conviction, Ike & Tina Turner were inducted to the [[Rock & Roll Hall of Fame]] in 1991.<ref name="Rock & Roll Hall of Fame">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rockhall.com/inductees/ike-and-tina-turner|title=Ike and Tina Turner|website=Rock & Roll Hall of Fame}}</ref> Tina did not attend because she took the year off from making public appearances, so Phil Spector delivered a speech at the ceremony on their behalf.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Watrous|first=Peter|date=January 17, 1991|title=Rock-and-Roll Hall of Fame Inducts Its 6th Crop of Legends|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/17/arts/rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-inducts-its-6th-crop-of-legends.html|access-date=November 11, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/1991/more/news/war-casts-shadow-on-hall-ceremony-99124707/|title=War Casts Shadow On Hall Ceremony|date=January 20, 1991|website=Variety}}</ref> After his release from prison, Turner told the press that he was nervous about returning to performing live, but had plans to return to the studio.<ref name="Philips-05-09-1991" /> He sold 20 unreleased Ike & Tina Turner masters to the independent label Esquire Records.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1991-09-19-9103110161-story.html|title=Ike Turner To Release Old Masters|date=September 19, 1991|work=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> In 1992, Turner performed as a special guest at [[Oliver Sain]]'s Soul Reunion concert at [[Mississippi Nights]] in St. Louis.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Harris |first=Paul A. |date=June 21, 1992 |title=St. Louis Summit: Ike Turner's Return Recalls R&B Heyday |pages=3C |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-st-louis-summit/133028675/}}</ref>
Hip-hop group [[Salt-N-Pepa]] sampled Turner's composition "[[I'm Blue (The Gong-Gong Song)|I'm Blue (The Gong Gong Song)]]", released by the Ikettes in 1961, for their 1993 single "[[Shoop (song)|Shoop]]". The song reached No. 4 in the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 and Turner earned around half a million dollars in royalties.<ref name="Strauss-08-22-1996" /> He re-recorded "I'm Blue" as a duet with singer Billy Rogers in 1995. Produced by Rogers, the remake received favorable reviews.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=January 14, 1995|title=Singles Reviews|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tQsEAAAAMBAJ&q=ike+turner|magazine=Billboard|pages=45}}</ref> Turner later appeared on the song "Love Gravy" with [[Rick James]] for the soundtrack album ''[[Chef Aid: The South Park Album]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1998-11-24-1998328047-story.html|title=Not for the faint of heart Review: You'll be happy to know star-studded 'Chef Aid' lives down to the tastelessness of 'South Park.'|last=Considine|first=J.D.|date=November 24, 1998|work=The Baltimore Sun|access-date=December 2, 2019|archive-date=December 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204154839/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1998-11-24-1998328047-story.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Turner reformed the Ikettes in the mid-1990s, which included his then-wife Jeanette Bazzell Turner, Nina Hill, and Michelle Love (Randi Love). [[Vera Hamilton|Vera Clyburn]], who was an Ikette in the 1970s, was the lead singer.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/26/arts/turner-revue-is-back-minus-tina.html|title=Turner Revue Is Back (Minus Tina)|last=Pareles|first=Jon|date=August 26, 1996|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 4, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}{{subscription required}}</ref> They performed to positive reviews as the Ike Turner Revue.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-07-11-ca-14430-story.html|title=Pop: Ike Turner Relies on Hits of the Past|last=Appleford|first=Steve|date=July 11, 1994|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}{{subscription required}}</ref><ref name="Fowler-1998" /> In August 1997, Turner returned to his hometown Clarksdale to headline the 10th Annual [[Sunflower River Blues & Gospel Festival]].<ref name="Delta Blues Museum">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deltabluesmuseum.org/sunflower-chronology.aspx|title=Sunflower River Blues & Gospel Festival Chronology|website=Delta Blues Museum}}</ref> Turner credited [[Joe Louis Walker]] with encouraging him to return to his roots in blues music. Turner played guitar and assisted in the production on Walker's 1997 album ''[[Great Guitars (Joe Louis Walker album)|Great Guitars]]''; Walker paid him $5,000 a night for six songs.<ref name="Collis-2003-p133">{{harvnb|Collis|2003|p=133}}</ref> Walker invited Turner to perform with him at the [[San Francisco Blues Festival#1997|San Francisco Blues Festival]] and to tour in Europe.<ref name="Selvin-1997" /><ref name="Drozdowski-05-24-2001" /> The positive response to the tour encouraged Turner to reform the Kings of Rhythm. They toured the US in 2001, and headlined a showcase at [[South by Southwest]], where they were hailed as one of the highlights of the conference.<ref name="Drozdowski-05-24-2001">{{cite news|last=Drozdowski |first=Ted |title=Living legend Ike Turner returns to rock and roll |url=http://www.bostonphoenix.com/boston/music/other_stories/documents/01647283.htm |access-date=November 5, 2011 |date=May 24–31, 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122192559/http://www.bostonphoenix.com/boston/music/other_stories/documents/01647283.htm |archive-date=November 22, 2012}}</ref> Turner's work on the tour led to the recording and release of his Grammy-nominated album ''[[Here and Now (Ike Turner album)|Here & Now]]'' (2001).<ref name="Grammy-2020" /> In 2002, Turner's performance at the [[Montreux Jazz Festival]] was released as a live album and DVD.<ref name="Pareles 12-13-2007" />
In 2002, Turner filmed [[Martin Scorsese]]'s [[PBS]] documentary series ''[[The Blues (film series)|The Blues]]'', which aired in September 2003.<ref name="Mitchell-2003">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/26/movies/television-review-the-blues-a-history-a-homage.html|title=Television Review: The Blues: A History, A Homage|last=Mitchell|first=Elvis|date=September 26, 2003|work=The New York Times}}{{subscription required}}</ref> He is featured in the documentaries ''[[The Road to Memphis]]'' and [[The Blues: Godfathers and Sons|''Godfathers and Sons'']], as part of the series.<ref name="PBS-09-2003">{{cite web|title=About the Film Series|url=https://www.pbs.org/theblues/aboutfilms/aboutfilms.html|work=PBS: The Blues|publisher=Vulcan Productions, Inc.|access-date=October 4, 2011}}</ref> Turner appeared on the [[Gorillaz]]'s album ''[[Demon Days]]'' (2005), playing piano on "[[Every Planet We Reach Is Dead]]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.esquire.com/blogs/culture/damon-albarn-best-songs|title=The 20 Essential Damon Albarn Songs|last1=Ayers|first1=Mike|last2=Schrodt|first2=Paul|date=May 1, 2014|website=Esquire|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://recordcollectormag.com/articles/ike-can-see-clearly-now|title=Ike can see clearly now|last=Hughes|first=Rob|website=Record Collector Magazine}}</ref> He performed the song with Gorillaz at the [[Manchester Opera House]] in November 2005.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=McLean|first=Craig|date=January 2006|title=Gorillaz|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84sBCxdU9RAC&q=every+planet+we+reach+is+dead+ike+turner+piano&pg=PA40|magazine=Spin|pages=40}}</ref><ref name="NME-2005">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/gorillaz-125-1366460|title=Gorillaz kick off unique Manchester residency|date=November 2, 2005|website=NME|language=en-GB}}</ref> His performance is featured in the live concert DVD [[Demon Days Live (film)|''Demon Days: Live at the Manchester Opera House''.]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/gorillaz-134-1353123|title=Gorillaz to release DVD|date=February 24, 2006|website=NME|language=en-GB}}</ref>
In 2006, Turner released his last album, ''[[Risin' with the Blues|Risin' With the Blues]]'', on the [[independent label]] [[Zoho Music|Zoho Roots]]. The album received positive critical reception, and was nominated for best Blues Album at the 7th Annual Independent Music Awards.<ref name="D'souza-10-5-2006">{{cite web|last=D'Souza|first=Jerry|title=Ike Turner- Risin' With the Blues|url=http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/article.php?id=23252|work=All About Jazz.com 5 October 2006|date=October 5, 2006 |publisher=allaboutjazz.com|access-date=October 3, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://top40-charts.com/news.php?nid=36497&string=Shebang|title=7th Annual Independent Music Awards Finalists Announced|date=November 3, 2007|website=Top40-Charts.com}}</ref> Turner won his first solo [[Grammy Award for Best Traditional Blues Album]] at the [[49th Annual Grammy Awards]] in 2007.<ref name="Grammy-2020" />
Turner began working on a collaboration album with Gorillaz's producer [[Danger Mouse (music producer)|Danger Mouse]] and [[the Black Keys]] in early 2007.<ref name="Relic-2008">{{Cite magazine|last=Relic|first=Peter|date=March 6, 2008|title=In the Studio: The Black Keys' 'Attack & Release'|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/in-the-studio-the-black-keys-attack-release-244306/|access-date=November 18, 2020|magazine=Rolling Stone|language=en-US}}{{subscription required}}</ref> The Black Keys sent demos to Turner, but the project was temporarily shelved.<ref name="Relic-2008" /><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-best-albums-of-the-2000s-20110718/the-black-keys-attack-release-19691231|title=100 Best ALbums of the 00's|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=July 18, 2011|access-date=November 13, 2011}}</ref> After Turner's death, the songs were used for their 2008 album ''[[Attack & Release]]''.<ref name="Relic-2008" /> Although Turner does not appear on the album, ''[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]'' noted his influence in the production.<ref name="Strew-1-4-2008">{{cite web|url=http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/11358-attack-release/|title=The Black Keys Attack & Release|last=Strew|first=Roque|work=Pitchfork Media, April 1, 2008|publisher=Pitchfork Media, Inc.|access-date=November 13, 2011}}</ref>
== Artistry and legacy ==
=== Musical style ===
[[File:Ike Turner at 1997 Long Beach Blues Festival.jpg|thumb|274x274px|Ike Turner performing at the [[Long Beach Blues Festival]] in 1997]]
In his career, Turner originally worked in the style of 1950s R&B, or post-[[jump blues]]. His early influences included [[Amos Milburn]] and Louis Jordan, as well as country music artists such as [[Hank Williams]] Sr. and [[Merle Travis]].<ref name="Fowler-1998" /> Though primarily known as a guitarist, Turner began his career playing piano and personally considered it his main instrument.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=28}} In 1951, journalist Mike McGee compared him to jazz pianist [[Fats Waller]] and wrote: "Ike Turner is the hottest piano player in many a day."<ref>{{Cite news |last=McGee |first=Mike |date=April 15, 1951 |title=Will 'Plugs' Really Sell Any Ducats? - One Can Really Learn About 'Rocket 88' If One Time |pages=Section V 9 |work=The Commercial Appeal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-commercial-appeal-ike-turner-at-w-c/133217908/}}</ref>
Turner grew up playing [[boogie woogie]] piano, which he learned from blues pianist Pinetop Perkins.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=25-26}} He decided he was not meant to be a frontman when at twelve he was coerced into giving an impromptu piano recital in school. He found the experience terrifying and from then on preferred not to be the focus of attention, but rather to be in the background controlling the show. He considered himself an organizer rather than a performer.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=28-29}} Musician [[Donald Fagen]] noted: "[T]alented as he was, there wasn't anything really supernatural about Ike's skills as a musician... What Ike excelled at was leadership: conceptualization, organization, and execution."<ref name="Fagen-12-17-2007">{{cite web|last=Fagen|first=Donald|title=The Devil and Ike Turner: Parsing his hits|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/obit/2007/12/the_devil_and_ike_turner.html|work=Slate Obituary, Dec. 17, 2007|date=December 17, 2007|access-date=November 8, 2011}}</ref>
Turner's guitar style is distinguished by heavy use of the [[whammy bar]] to achieve a strong [[reverb]]-soaked [[vibrato]], string bending, [[hammer-on]]s and [[Tuplet|triplets]] in his blues phrasing.<ref name=Rubin-12-09>{{cite journal|last=Rubin |first=Dave |title=Ike Turner: The Soulful Style of the Electric Blues/R&B Guitarist |journal=Premier Guitar |date=December 2009 |page=88 |url=http://www.premierguitar.com/Magazine/Issue/2009/Dec/Ike_Turner_The_Soulful_Style_of_the_Electric_Blues_R_B_Guitarist.aspx |access-date=October 1, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328115233/http://www.premierguitar.com/Magazine/Issue/2009/Dec/Ike_Turner_The_Soulful_Style_of_the_Electric_Blues_R_B_Guitarist.aspx |archive-date=March 28, 2010}}</ref> Turner was an early adopter of the [[Fender Stratocaster]] electric guitar, buying one from O.K. Houk's Piano Co. store in Memphis the year of its release in 1954.<ref name=Lord-2011-04-06>{{cite web|last=Lord |first=Derreck |title=Ike Turner, Here and Now |url=http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/news.php?id=79208 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130116113735/http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/news.php?id=79208 |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 16, 2013 |work=all about jazz, 2011-04-06 |publisher=All About Jazz /Derreck Lord |access-date=November 6, 2011 }}</ref> Unaware that the guitar's [[tremolo arm]] could be used to subtle effect, Turner used it to play screaming, swooping and diving solos that predated artists such as [[Jimi Hendrix]] and [[Jeff Beck]] by a decade.<ref name="Ike Turner 1931-2007">{{cite web|title=Ike Turner 1931–2007 |url=http://www.fender.com/en-GB/news/index.php/?display_article=226 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116143746/https://fender.com/en-GB/news/index.php/?display_article=226 |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 16, 2017 |work=Fender News |publisher=Fender Inc. |access-date=October 5, 2011 }}</ref> In ''The Stratocaster Chronicles'', Tom Wheeler wrote that Turner's "inventive style is a classic example of an artist discovering the Stratocaster, adapting to its features and fashioning something remarkable."<ref name=Wheeler-2004>{{cite book|last=Wheeler|first=Tom|title=The Stratocaster Chronicles|year=2004|publisher=Hal Leonard|isbn=978-0-634-05678-9}}</ref> Turner himself said of his tremolo technique: "I thought it was to make the guitar scream—people got so excited when I used that thing."<ref name="Ike Turner 1931-2007" /> Dave Rubin wrote in ''[[Premier Guitar]]'' magazine: "All those years of playing piano and arranging taught him a considerable amount about harmony, as he could certainly navigate I-IV-V chord changes. Ike modestly terms what he does on the guitar as 'tricks', but make no mistake, he attacked his axe with the conviction of a man who knew precisely what he wanted to hear come out of it."<ref name=Rubin-12-09 />
Reviewing Turner's 1973 album ''[[Bad Dreams (Ike Turner album)|Bad Dreams]]'', [[Robert Christgau]] wrote: "After twenty years of raking it in from the shadows, he's finally figured out a way of applying his basically comic [[Bass-baritone|bass/baritone]] to rock and roll. Studio-psychedelic [[New Orleans rhythm and blues|New Orleans]], echoes of [[the Band]] and [[Dr. John]], some brilliant minor r&b mixed in with the dumb stuff. My God—at the moment he's more interesting than Tina."<ref name="CG">{{cite book|last=Christgau|first=Robert|author-link=Robert Christgau|year=1981|title=Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies|publisher=[[Ticknor & Fields]]|isbn=0-89919-026-X|chapter=Consumer Guide '70s: T|chapter-url=https://www.robertchristgau.com/get_chap.php?k=T&bk=70|access-date=March 16, 2019|via=robertchristgau.com|title-link=Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies}}</ref>
=== Influence ===
{{quote box
| quote="It ain't Little Richard, it ain't Chuck, it ain't Fats Domino — no, we came on later. This man was playing the blues, rhythm and blues. Rock 'n' roll came from rhythm and blues: rock 'n' roll ain't nothing but rhythm and blues up-tempo. Ike Turner was the innovator, for rhythm and blues and for rock 'n' roll. We just came and took it home."
| source = — ''[[Little Richard]]'' (1999)<ref>{{Cite book|title=Takin' Back My Name: The Confessions of Ike Turner|last=Ike Turner|first=Nigel Cawthorne|publisher=Virgin Books Limited|year=1999|isbn=978-1-85227-850-2|pages=xi}}</ref>
| width = 21%
| align = right
| style = padding:8px;
}}
Turner was praised by his contemporaries for his influence. [[Johnny Otis]] said, "Ike Turner is a very important man in American music. The texture and flavor of R&B owe a lot to him. He defined how to put the [[Fender Musical Instruments Corporation|Fender]] bass into that music. He was a great innovator."<ref name="Kiersh-08-1985" /> B.B. King was a great admirer of Turner, describing him as "The best bandleader I've ever seen."<ref name="Collis-2003-41">{{harvnb|Collis|2003|p=41}}</ref> King also said, "When they talk about rock 'n roll, I see Ike as one of the founding fathers."<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=June 2, 2001|title=Ike Turner & The Kings of Rhythm: Here and Now|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/00s/2001/BB-2001-06-02.pdf|magazine=Billboard|pages=118}}</ref> Turner was a big influence on Little Richard, who wrote the introduction to Turner's autobiography.<ref name="Jet-2008" /> Little Richard was inspired to play the piano after he heard Turner's piano intro on "Rocket 88", and later used it note for note on "[[Good Golly, Miss Molly]]".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Weinstein|first=Deena|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NNVDBgAAQBAJ&q=rocket+88+good+golly+miss+molly+piano&pg=PA68|title=Rock'n America: A Social and Cultural History|publisher=University of Toronto Press|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4426-0015-7|pages=68|language=en}}</ref>{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=xi}} [[Prince (musician)|Prince]] also said Turner was his first musical influence.<ref>{{Cite web|last=jonbream|date=June 16, 2010|title=Ebony visits Prince at Paisley Park|url=https://www.startribune.com/ebony-visits-prince-at-paisley-park/96452359/|access-date=January 16, 2022|website=Star Tribune}}</ref>
Phil Alexander, editor-in-chief of ''[[Mojo (magazine)|Mojo]]'' magazine, referred to Turner as the "cornerstone of modern day rock 'n' roll" and credited his arrangements of blues standards as being an influence on 1960s British Invasion groups: "He proceeded to influence British rockers from the mid-1960s onwards. Without Ike you wouldn't have had the Stones and [[Led Zeppelin|Zeppelin]]. People like that wouldn't have had the source material on which they drew."<ref name="bbc-12-13-2007" />
Speaking on "Rocket 88" being a contender for the first rock 'n' roll record, broadcaster [[Paul Gambaccini]] said:<blockquote>In musical terms [he was] very important. "Rocket 88" is one of the two records that can claim to be the first rock 'n' roll record, the other being "[[The Fat Man (song)|The Fat Man]]" by [[Fats Domino]] from 1949. But "Rocket 88" does have a couple of elements which "The Fat Man" did not. The wailing saxophone and that distorted electric guitar. It was number one in the rhythm and blues chart for five weeks, it is in the [[Grammy Hall of Fame]] and it was an indisputable claim to fame for Ike Turner....To critics he will be known as a great founder, unfortunately to the general public he will always be known as a brutal man.<ref name="bbc-12-13-2007" /></blockquote>[[Nigel Cawthorne]]—co-author of Turner's autobiography—said:<blockquote>Although there had been black rock 'n' rollers who had made it big already, they really only played to a white audience. Ike and Tina played to a mixed audience and he deliberately desegregated audiences in the southern states and he wouldn't play to any segregated audiences at all. Because he had such a big band and entourage he desegregated a lot of the hotels because the hotel chains wouldn't want to miss out on the money they would make from him touring the southern states.<ref name="bbc-12-13-2007" /></blockquote>Turner's songs have been [[sampling (music)|sampled]] by [[hip hop]] artists; most notably, Salt-N-Pepa used "I'm Blue" for their 1994 hit "Shoop".<ref name="Strauss-08-22-1996" /> [[Jurassic 5]] used "Getting Nasty" from ''A Black Man's Soul'' on the track "[[Concrete Schoolyard]]" in 1997. [[Main Source]] also sampled "Getting Nasty" on the track "Snake Eyes" as well as Ike & Tina Turner's "[[Bold Soul Sister]]" on "Just Hanging Out"; both featured on their 1991 album ''[[Breaking Atoms]]''. The track "[[A Black Man's Soul|Funky Mule]]", also from ''A Black Man's Soul'', has been sampled extensively by jungle DJs, with the drum introduction being a very popular [[Drum break#Break beat|break]]. It was sampled by producer [[Goldie]] for his 1994 hit "[[Inner City Life]]", in the same year by Krome & Time on "The License", and by Paradox in 2002 on track "Funky Mule".<ref name="whosampled">{{cite web|title=Goldie Inner City Life sample of Ike Turner and the Kings of Rhythm|url=http://www.whosampled.com/sample/view/26580/Goldie-Inner%20City%20Life_Ike%20Turner%20and%20The%20Kings%20of%20Rhythm-Funky%20Mule/|work=whosampled.com|publisher=WhoSampled.com Limited|access-date=October 7, 2011}}</ref>
In 2009, a Nashville-based band, Mr. Groove Band, recorded a tribute album titled ''Rocket 88: Tribute to Ike Turner''. Vocalists on the album include Turner's last wife [[Audrey Madison Turner]] and former Ikette [[Bonnie Bramlett]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/rocket-88-tribute-to-ike-turner-mw0000822562|title=Rocket 88: Tribute to Ike Turner – Mr. Groove Band {{!}} Songs, Reviews, Credits|website=AllMusic|language=en-us}}</ref>
=== Accolades ===
Turner won two competitive Grammy Awards.<ref name="Grammy-2020" /> Ike & Tina Turner won Best R&B Vocal Performance by a Group for "Proud Mary" in 1972.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=March 25, 1972|title=1971 Grammy Champions|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/70s/1972/BB-1972-03-25.pdf|magazine=Billboard|pages=6}}</ref> In 2007, Turner won Best Traditional Blues Album for ''Risin' with the Blues''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=February 12, 2007|title=Ike Turner wins first Grammy since 1972|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-grammys-turner-idUSN1129459620070212|access-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref> Turner also has three songs inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame: "Rocket 88", "River Deep – Mountain High", and "Proud Mary".<ref name="Grammy Awards-2010" />
Ike & Tina Turner were inducted into the [[Rock & Roll Hall of Fame]] in 1991.<ref name="Rock & Roll Hall of Fame" /> Turner is inducted into the [[Blues Hall of Fame]] and the [[Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame]]. He is also inducted into the [[Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame]].<ref name="Mississippi HOF">{{Cite web|url=http://www.msmusic.org/mississippi-rock-and-roll-musicians.html|title=Inductees: Rock and Roll|website=Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame|access-date=June 10, 2019|archive-date=December 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223102816/http://www.msmusic.org/mississippi-rock-and-roll-musicians.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was honored with a star on the [[St. Louis Walk of Fame]] in 2001.<ref name="St. Louis WOF">{{cite web|url=http://stlouiswalkoffame.org/inductee/ike-turner/|title=Ike Turner|website=St. Louis Walk of Fame|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103022638/http://stlouiswalkoffame.org/inductee/ike-turner/|archive-date=November 3, 2019}}</ref>
Turner won Comeback Album of The Year for ''Here and Now'' at the [[Blues Music Award|W.C. Handy Blues Awards]] in 2002.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Chris|first=Morris|date=June 1, 1986|title=Buddy Guy Picks Up Three Handy Awards|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/00s/2002/BB-2002-06-01.pdf|magazine=Billboard|pages=12}}</ref> In 2004, he was awarded the Heroes Award from the Memphis branch of the [[The Recording Academy|Recording Academy]].<ref name="Ed-2004">{{Cite magazine|last=Ed|first=Christman|date=May 1, 2004|title=Value Central Hosts Heroes At New Memphis Store|url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/00s/2004/BB-2004-05-01.pdf|magazine=Billboard|volume=116|issue=18|pages=47}}</ref> He was a recipient of the Legend Award at the 2007 [[Mojo Awards]].<ref name="Mojo-2007">{{Cite web|url=http://blog.mojo4music.com/honours2008/history2007.shtml|title=The Mojo Honours List 2007|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709023047/http://blog.mojo4music.com/honours2008/history2007.shtml|archive-date=July 9, 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref>
In 2003, the album ''[[Proud Mary: The Best of Ike & Tina Turner]]'' was ranked No. 212 on ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine's list of [[Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time|the 500 greatest albums of all time]] (No. 214 on 2012 revised list).<ref>{{Cite book|title=The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time|publisher=Wenner Books|editor-last=Levy |editor-first=Joe|year=2005|isbn=1-932958-01-0|edition=1st|___location=New York|oclc=60596234}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-156826/|title=500 Greatest Albums of All Time|date=May 31, 2012|magazine=Rolling Stone}}</ref>
In 2004, [[Fender Custom Shop]] manufactured a limited edition Ike Turner Tribute Stratocaster. The model has an [[alder]] body in Sonic Blue with an Ike Turner signature in gold ink on the body under the clear-coat, with a [[maple]] neck in a 1960s "C" shape with a [[rosewood]] fingerboard, with 21 vintage frets. It had three custom single coil 1960s Strat pickups. Only 100 specimens were made, retailing at $3,399.99.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2004 Fender Custom Shop Ike Turner Limited Edition Stratocaster|url=https://gpguitars.com/products/2004-fender-cs-ike-turner-stratocaster|access-date=March 5, 2021|website=Garrett Park Guitars|archive-date=March 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317050738/https://gpguitars.com/products/2004-fender-cs-ike-turner-stratocaster|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In August 2010, Turner was posthumously celebrated in his hometown of Clarksdale, Mississippi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Byrd|first=Shelia|date=August 5, 2010|title=Ike Turner focus of weekend celebration in Miss.|url=https://m.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/aug/5/ike-turner-focus-of-weekend-celebration-in-miss/|access-date=March 5, 2021|website=Associated Press|language=en-US|via=The Washington Times}}</ref> On August 6, Clarksdale officials and music fans gathered to unveil a marker on the [[Mississippi Blues Trail]] and a plaque on the [[Clarksdale Walk of Fame]] in downtown Clarksdale honoring Turner and his musical legacy.<ref name="Mississippi Blues Trail" /> The unveilings coincided with Clarksdale's 23rd Annual Sunflower River Blues & Gospel Festival, which paid tribute to Turner.<ref name="Delta Blues Museum" />
Although Turner considered himself a pianist rather than a guitarist,<ref name="Selvin-1997" /> ''Rolling Stone'' magazine editor [[David Fricke]] ranked him No. 61 on his list of 100 Greatest Guitarists in 2010.<ref name="Fricke-2010" />
In 2015, ''Rolling Stone'' ranked Ike & Tina Turner No. 2 on their list of the 20 Greatest Duos of All Time.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/20-greatest-duos-of-all-time-16272/2-ike-tina-turner-239736/|title=20 Greatest Duos of All Time|date=December 17, 2015|magazine=Rolling Stone}}</ref>
In 2017, the Mississippi Blues Trail honored "Rocket 88" for being an influential record with a marker in [[Lyon, Mississippi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deep-south-usa.com/blog/760-mississippi-blues-trail-reaches-200th-marker-with-rocket-88|title=Mississippi Blues Trail Reaches 200th Marker with Rocket 88|date=November 14, 2017|website=Deep South USA|language=en-gb|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202052216/https://www.deep-south-usa.com/blog/760-mississippi-blues-trail-reaches-200th-marker-with-rocket-88|archive-date=February 2, 2020|access-date=February 2, 2020}}</ref> In 2018, "Rocket 88" was chosen for the inaugural class of influential songs inducted into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] Singles.<ref name="Graff-2018">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/rock/8333912/rock-and-roll-hall-of-fame-inducts-songs-born-to-be-wild-louie-louie|title=Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Inducts Songs for the First Time, Including 'Born to Be Wild' & 'Louie Louie'|last=Graff|first=Gary|date=April 18, 2018|magazine=Billboard}}</ref>
=== Portrayal in popular culture ===
In 1986, Tina Turner released her autobiography, ''I, Tina'', in which she recounted Turner's volatile behavior. He received negative publicity that was exacerbated in 1993 by the release of the film adaptation ''[[What's Love Got to Do with It (1993 film)|What's Love Got to Do with It]]''.<ref name="Fowler-1998" /> Turner received $45,000 for the film, but he had unknowingly signed papers waiving the right to sue [[Disney]]'s [[Touchstone Pictures]] for his depiction.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=227-228}} He was portrayed by [[Laurence Fishburne]], whose performance earned him an Oscar nomination for [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] at the [[66th Academy Awards#Awards|66th Academy Awards]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=February 10, 1994|title=THE 66th ACADEMY AWARD NOMINATIONS : OSCARS : The Nominees|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-02-10-ca-21456-story.html}}</ref>
After the release of the film, the fictionalized version of Turner from the movie was seized on by comedians, who reused the persona in sketches. On the 1990s [[sketch comedy]] show ''[[In Living Color]]'', Turner was parodied by [[David Alan Grier]]. He was portrayed on ''[[Saturday Night Live]]''{{'}}s [[Weekend Update]] by [[Tim Meadows]] in a pageboy wig. On the ''[[John Boy and Billy]]'' radio show, cast member [[Jeff Pillars]] regularly performed an impersonation of Turner in a segment called "Ax/Ask Ike". These sketches were collected in a 2008 comedy album ''Ike at the Mike''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ike at the Mike John Boy & Billy|url=https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/ike-at-the-mike/id299236587|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131223022343/https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/ike-at-the-mike/id299236587|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 23, 2013|work=iTunes Store|date=December 10, 2008|publisher=Apple Inc|access-date=November 1, 2011}}</ref> In 2006, ''[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]]'' magazine ranked the character of Ike Turner from ''What's Love Got to Do with It'' at No. 4 in their list of the 20 best movie "bad guys".<ref name="vibe">{{cite magazine|last=Dauphin|first=Gary|date=April 2006|title=Bad Guys|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7SYEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA119|magazine=Vibe|access-date=February 27, 2012}}</ref>
Commenting on the historical accuracy of the film, Tina told [[Larry King]] in 1997: "I would have liked them to have more truth, but according to Disney [owner of the film's production company], they said it's impossible, the people would not have believed the truth."<ref name="Christian-2008">{{Cite magazine|last=Christian|first=Margena A.|date=January 7, 2008|title=Rock 'N' Roll Pioneer Ike Turner Dies At 76|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ETsDAAAAMBAJ&q=ike+turner+&pg=PA4|magazine=Jet|volume=112|issue=26|pages=56–59}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pophistorydig.com/topics/tina-turner-1958-2007/|title=Rocker Supreme"1958-2007|website=The Pop History Dig|language=en-US|access-date=December 7, 2019}}</ref> In 2018, Tina told [[Oprah Winfrey]] that she only recently watched the film, but she could not finish it because she "didn't realize they would change the details so much."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oprahmag.com/entertainment/a23550728/oprah-tina-turner-november-2018-magazine-interview/|title=Tina Turner Talks To Oprah About Keeping Her Spirits Up After a Stroke and Losing Her Son|last=Winfrey|first=Oprah|date=October 3, 2018|website=Oprah magazine}}</ref> Phil Spector criticized Tina's book and called the film a "piece of trash" during his eulogy at Turner's funeral.<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news|last=Leeds|first=Jeff|title=Ike Turner is Eulogized as misunderstood|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/22/arts/music/22turner.html|access-date=October 3, 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|date=December 22, 2007}}{{subscription required}}</ref>
In 2015, [[TV One (American TV channel)|TV One]]'s ''[[Unsung (TV series)|Unsung]]'' offered some redemption with "[[List of Unsung episodes#Season 8|The Story of Ike Turner]]", which documented his career along with his trials and tribulations.<ref name="Penrice-2015">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theroot.com/tv-one-s-unsung-offers-redemption-for-ike-turner-1790860059|title=TV One's Unsung Offers Redemption for Ike Turner|last=Penrice|first=Ronda Racha|date=June 3, 2015|website=The Root|language=en-us}}</ref> In the musical ''[[Tina (musical)|Tina: The Tina Turner Musical]]'', Turner was portrayed by British actor [[Kobna Holdbrook-Smith]], who won the [[Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Musical]] for his role in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tinathemusical.com/cast-creative/|title=CAST & CREATIVE |work=Tina Turner Musical Limited|access-date=May 31, 2018}}</ref>
=== Books ===
In 1999, Turner published his autobiography ''[[Takin' Back My Name|Takin' Back My Name: The Confessions of Ike Turner]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 25, 1999|title=What love had to do with it|url=http://www.theguardian.com/culture/1999/may/26/artsfeatures1|access-date=March 2, 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> It was written with [[Nigel Cawthorne]] and [[Little Richard]] wrote the introduction. In 2003, John Collis published ''Ike Turner: King of Rhythm'' about the life and musical contributions of Turner.{{Sfn|Collis|2003}}
== Personal life ==
=== Marriages ===
Turner was married fourteen times.<ref name="Christian-10-2008" /><ref name="Stern-2007">{{Cite web|date=October 17, 2007|title=Ike Turner Is Still With His 14th Wife|url=https://www.howardstern.com/show/2007/10/17/ike-turner-is-still-with-his-14th-wife-RundownGalleryModel-8951/|website=Howard Stern}}</ref> He often married another woman [[bigamy|before divorcing his existing wife]]. Speaking on his early marriages, he said: "You gave a preacher two dollars, the (marriage) papers cost three dollars, that was it. In those days, African Americans did not bother with divorces."<ref name="Kiersh-08-1985" />
==== Early marriages ====
Turner was first married at 16 years old to Edna Dean Stewart of [[Ruleville, Mississippi]].{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=56}} They were married on April 10, 1948. Records show that Turner added four years to his age.<ref name="706 Union Avenue Sessions">{{Cite web|url=http://www.706unionavenue.nl/142232443|title=Biographies – Bonnie Turner|website=706 Union Avenue Sessions|access-date=July 21, 2019|archive-date=June 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623192501/http://www.706unionavenue.nl/142232443|url-status=dead}}</ref> Edna didn't want to stay in [[Clarksdale, Mississippi|Clarksdale]], so she left Turner and returned to Ruleville.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=57}}
Turner's second wife, Velma Davis (née Dishman) is the elder sister of former Ikette [[Jo Armstead|Joshie Armstead]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://othersounds.com/interview-joshie-armstead/|title=Interview: Joshie Armstead|date=January 24, 2012|website=othersounds.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704161747/http://othersounds.com/interview-joshie-armstead/|archive-date=July 4, 2019|access-date=November 12, 2019}}</ref> Turner met her at the Cotton Club on Camplin Avenue in [[Yazoo City, Mississippi]] in 1948. Davis claimed that Turner was the father of her daughter Linda Turner Bullock, born in 1949.<ref name="O'Neal-2017">{{Cite journal|last=O'Neal|first=Jim|date=2017|title=Yazoo Mississippi Blues|url=http://digital.livingblues.com/publication/?i=412000&article_id=2798065&view=articleBrowser&ver=html5#{%22issue_id%22:412000,%22view%22:%22articleBrowser%22,%22article_id%22:%222798065%22}|journal=Living Blues|volume=48, #3|issue=249}}</ref> However, Turner asserted in his book that he is not the biological father.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=57}} The couple married on September 19, 1950.<ref name="706 Union Avenue Sessions" /> Davis and Bullock attended Turner's Mississippi Blues Trail marker unveiling in 2010.<ref name="Mississippi Blues Trail">{{Cite web|url=http://msbluestrail.org/featured_ike_turner|title=This Week's Featured Marker: Ike Turner|website=Mississippi Blues Trail|access-date=March 11, 2023|archive-date=February 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224023256/http://msbluestrail.org/featured_ike_turner|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Turner then married Rosa Lee Sane in [[West Memphis, Arkansas]].{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=57}} She had a [[Mental disorder|mental breakdown]] so her family put her in an [[Lunatic asylum|insane asylum]] in Tennessee. Turner tried to get her out, but he never saw her again.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=57}}
Turner married Marion Louis Lee (Bonnie Turner) in Clarksdale on September 24, 1952.<ref name="706 Union Avenue Sessions" /> Lee was a member of the Kings of Rhythm as a pianist and vocalist. In 1952, under the alias Mary Sue, she released the single "Everybody's Talking" / "Love Is a Gamble" on Modern Records.<ref name="706 Union Avenue Sessions" /> She co-wrote both tunes with Turner. The couple also recorded for RPM Records and Sun Records.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=August 30, 1952 |title=Rhythm & Blues Record Reviews |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/50s/1952/Billboard%201952-08-30.pdf |magazine=Billboard |pages=40}}</ref> Turner recalled, "Bonnie played piano. It was a job staying ahead of this chick, man, cos' she was always trying to outdo me."{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=58}} While they were in [[Sarasota, Florida]] for a gig, she ran off to New York with another man in 1953.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=58}} Their divorce was finalized in 1955.<ref name="706 Union Avenue Sessions" />
After Lee, Turner married a woman named Alice in [[Helena, Arkansas]].{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=59}} According to Turner, they did not [[Consummation|consummate]] their marriage. Alice was dating his vocalist [[Johnny O'Neal (singer)|Johnny O'Neal]], but Turner liked her so he married her to avoid "locking heads" with O'Neal. "If I married her, he couldn't do nothing", he said.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=59}}
After Alice, Turner married Annie Mae Wilson from [[Greenville, Mississippi]].<ref name="Turner-1999">{{harvnb|Turner|1999|p=60}}</ref> She played piano and was the secretary for his band.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=February 14, 1958 |title=Shades of Rock 'n Roll: Ike Turner Says Officer Harasses Him In 'Feud' |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-st-louis-argus-ike-turner-says-offi/130036178/ |work=The St. Louis Argus |pages=1}}</ref> Wilson left Turner for a policeman in [[East St. Louis, Illinois]].{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=65}} In 1958, Turner presented a petition to the East St. Louis Board of Police Commissioners, stating that police officer Curtis Smith had harassed him and hit him in the head, causing his eardrum to burst out of spite because of his relationship with Wilson.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=1958-03-13 |title=Ike Turner Says Policemen 'Tore' Up Head |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-louisville-defender-ike-turner-says/172955956/ |access-date=2025-05-23 |work=The Louisville Defender |pages=16}}</ref>
In East St. Louis, Turner lived with Lorraine Taylor. Her parents owned the Taylor Sausage Factory in St. Louis.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=77}} Sources often incorrectly refer to Taylor as one of Turner's wives, but she was his live-in girlfriend.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=77}}<ref name="Becker-1990">{{Cite web|last=Becker|first=Stan|date=September 30, 1990|title=MARKING TIME|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1990-09-30-9003210785-story.html|access-date=March 2, 2021|website=Chicago Tribune|language=en-US}}</ref> Lorraine already had two children of her own before she had two sons, Ike Jr. and Michael, with Turner.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=79}}
==== Tina Turner ====
{{Quote box
| quote="I still love Tina as much as I ever loved her...I wrote her a letter five years ago. I never sent it...I was telling her in this letter that I'm sorry for putting her and the kids through that kind of stuff. I was stupid. I was inconsiderate about her feelings. I understand today. She came from an abusive relationship and went straight to the top."
| source = — ''Ike Turner'' (2007)<ref name="Christian-2008" />
| width = 21%
| align = right
| style = padding:8px;
}}
In 1956, Turner met Ann Bullock<!-- This is not a typo. She went by Ann not Anna Mae once she was a teenager. --> (whom he later renamed Tina Turner) at the Club Manhattan in East St. Louis.{{Sfn|Turner|1986|p=60}}<ref name="Greensmith-2015" /> They became close friends and she began dating his saxophonist [[Raymond Hill (musician)|Raymond Hill]]. When Bullock became pregnant by Hill, they lived with Turner and his live-in girlfriend Lorraine Taylor.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=72}} Hill injured his ankle and left Bullock before their son Craig was born in August 1958.{{Sfn|Turner|1986|p=66-68}} During Bullock's pregnancy, Taylor became suspicious that Bullock was pregnant by Turner and threatened her with a gun before shooting herself; her injuries were nonfatal.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=79}} However, Turner and Bullock eventually began having an affair and she became pregnant in January 1960.{{Sfn|Turner|1986|p=74}}
Following the birth of their son Ronnie in October 1960, they were married in [[Tijuana]] in 1962.{{Sfn|Turner|1986|p=96-97}} Turner stated that the reason they went to Tijuana was to see "sex shows and whores".{{Sfn|Turner|1986|p=96}} At the time, he was still legally married to Alice Bell.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=96}} He used a detective agency to locate Bell in Chicago and they divorced in 1974.{{Sfn|Turner|1986|p=97}} On multiple occasions, Turner said that he was never officially married to Tina.<ref name="Stern-2007" />{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=97}}<ref name="Kiersh-08-1985" /> He also revealed on ''[[The Howard Stern Show]]'' in 1993 and on ''[[Fresh Air]]'' in 1996 that Tina's birth name was Martha Nell (not Anna Mae) Bullock.<ref name="Gross">{{cite web|date=December 14, 2007|title=R&B Legend Ike Turner, 1931–2007|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17253727|work=NPR|publisher=Fresh Air|quote=At 8:06 in the interview, Turner corrects the host who says Tina's real name is Annie Mae Bullock. He says "No, her name is Martha Nell Bullock."}}</ref> Tina signed her legal name as Martha Nell Turner on multiple contracts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://entertainment.ha.com/itm/music-memorabilia/autographs-and-signed-items/tina-turner-signed-contract-1977-/a/696-52395.s|title=Tina Turner Signed Contract (1977).... Music Memorabilia Autographs {{!}} Lot #52395|website=Heritage Auctions|language=en|access-date=July 31, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Tina Turner – Signed Agreement (1978).... Music Memorabilia {{!}} Lot #23263|url=https://entertainment.ha.com/itm/music-memorabilia/autographs-and-signed-items/tina-turner-signed-agreement-1978-/a/606-23263.s|access-date=August 16, 2021|website=Heritage Auctions|language=en}}</ref>
Following a violent altercation in July 1976, Tina filed for divorce on the grounds of irreconcilable differences.{{Sfn|Turner|1986|p=200}}<ref name="Kiersh-08-1985" /> Although Turner reiterated that they were never officially married, they had a common-law marriage and still had to go through a formal divorce.{{Sfn|Turner|1986|p=210|ps="He also claimed that he and Tina had never actually been married all those years ago—a point that, under California common law, was by now moot."}} Their divorce was finalized on March 29, 1978.{{sfn|Turner|1986|p=211}} In the final divorce decree, Tina took responsibility for missed concert dates as well as an IRS lien. Tina retained songwriter royalties from songs she had written, but Ike got the publishing royalties for his compositions and hers. She also kept her two [[Jaguar cars]], furs and jewelry along with her stage name.{{Sfn|Turner|1986|p=211}} Tina gave up her share of their [[Bolic Sound]] recording studio, publishing companies, and real estate.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=210}}
In her [[I, Tina|1986 autobiography]], Tina revealed that Turner had been abusive during their marriage. She said: "It was my relationship with Ike that made me most unhappy. At first, I had really been in love with him. Look what he'd done for me. But he was totally unpredictable."{{Sfn|Turner|1986|p=91}} Turner admitted he took Tina for granted and called her "the best woman I ever knew".<ref name="Jet-9/23/91" /> In his autobiography, he said: "Sure, I've slapped Tina. We had fights and there have been times when I punched her to the ground without thinking. But I never beat her."{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=174}} In a 1999 interview, [[Roseanne Barr]] urged him to publicly apologize to Tina on [[The Roseanne Show|''The Roseanne Barr Show'']].<ref name="Roseanne">{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/19990106IkeTurnerGloriaAllredSusannahBreslinSophiaLamarTheRoseanneShow|title=The Roseanne Show (January 6, 1999)|website=Internet Archive|date=January 6, 1999}}</ref> In 2007, Turner told ''Jet'' that he had written Tina an apology letter, but had never sent it.<ref name="Christian-2008" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17212823|title=Ike Turner Dies at 76|date=December 13, 2007|website=NPR|language=en}}</ref> In 2018, Tina told ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' that "as an old person, I have forgiven him, but I would not work with him. He asked for one more tour with me, and I said, 'No, absolutely not.' Ike wasn't someone you could forgive and allow him back in."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/tina-turner-interview-the-legendary-singer-on-ike-buddhism-and-leaving-america-for-switzerland-cfljnkr3l|title=Tina Turner interview: the singer on Ike, Buddhism and leaving America for Switzerland|last=Leckie|first=Michael|date=March 18, 2018|website=The Sunday Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8257484/tina-turner-forgives-ex-husband-ike|title=Tina Turner Says She Forgives Ex-Husband Ike|last=Jefferson|first=J'na|date=March 22, 2018|magazine=Billboard}}</ref>
==== Later marriages ====
Turner married Margaret Ann Thomas in Las Vegas on April 11, 1981;{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=195}} they divorced in 1990. They had met in the mid-1960s at a concert in [[Bakersfield, California]].{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=105}} According to Turner, Tina suggested Ann fill in as an Ikette however, she could not sing, she was attractive.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=106}} Eventually, she moved into their [[View Park–Windsor Hills, California|View Park]] home.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=107}} Turner stated, "I loved Tina, but I was in love with Ann Thomas."{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=106}} Their daughter Mia was born in January 1969. They rekindled their friendship years after their divorce, and she found Turner unconscious at his home the day he died.<ref name="Christian-10-2008" />
Turner was introduced to St. Louis native singer [[Jeanette Bazzell Turner|Jeanette Bazzell]] by his son Ike Turner Jr. in 1988.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=September 27, 1993|title=Ike Turner Talks About His Ex-Wife Tina And New Fiancée|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WsEDAAAAMBAJ&q=turner|magazine=Jet|pages=58}}</ref> She became his lead vocalist and they married in a private ceremony at [[Circus Circus Las Vegas|Circus Circus Hotel & Resort]] in Las Vegas on July 4, 1995.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Allison|first=Lynn|date=July 17, 1995|title=Passages|url=https://people.com/archive/passages-vol-44-no-3/|access-date=March 2, 2021|website=People|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|date=July 24, 1995|title=Ike Takes A Bride|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nj0DAAAAMBAJ&q=Jeanette+Bazzell+Turner&pg=PA16|magazine=Jet|pages=16}}</ref> They divorced in 2000, but later rekindled their friendship. According to Jeanette, Turner called her his "backbone".<ref name="Archer-2019" /> In 2019, she told ''[[Palm Springs, California|Palm Spring Life]]'' that the film ''What's Love Got to Do with It'' "assassinated Ike's career. But more than that, it broke his heart". She added, "Ike doesn't get any recognition because of all the negative things [shown] in that movie and in his relationship with Tina... I went through things with Ike, too, but there's a time to forgive and to let go. To strip him from having the opportunity to get recognition in an area where he was entitled to deserve it, it's so wrong to me."<ref name="Archer-2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.palmspringslife.com/jeanette-bazzell-turner/|title=Talking Turner|last=Archer|first=Greg|date=June 10, 2019|website=Palm Springs Life}}</ref>
Turner met San Francisco native singer [[Audrey Madison Turner|Audrey Madison]] through a mutual friend in 1993. She started as an Ikette before becoming his lead singer.<ref name="Christian-10-2008" /> They married at A Special Memory Wedding Chapel in Las Vegas on October 8, 2006.<ref>{{Citation|title=Ike Turner's wedding 10/08/2006| date=December 19, 2007 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aRK4jxaoOpM| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211031/aRK4jxaoOpM| archive-date=October 31, 2021 | url-status=live|language=en|access-date=November 15, 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Turner filed for divorce two months later on December 22, but after the divorce was granted, they reconciled in 2007.<ref name="Christian-10-2008" /> In 2011, Audrey appeared as a contestant on [[The X Factor (U.S. TV series)|''The X Factor'']].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2011/10/05/famous-x/|title=Famous 'X'|last=Starr|first=Michael|date=October 5, 2011|website=New York Post}}</ref> In 2016, she released her memoir ''Love Had Everything to Do with It'', which details her volatile relationship with Turner due to his [[bipolar disorder]] and [[schizophrenia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://audreyturnermusic.com/about-3 |title=About Audrey Turner |last=Turner |first=Audrey |website=Personal web page of Audrey Turner |access-date=August 16, 2021 |archive-date=April 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407115850/https://audreyturnermusic.com/about-3/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She told [[Baltimore Afro-American|''The Afro'']]: "I decided to write it because it was like a cleansing and it released all of the trauma. Also, I wanted the general public to have a better outlook and perspective on where Ike was mentally and emotionally, because so often, as a nation, we turn on people who have mental health issues and define them by their behaviors rather than their condition."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afro.com/ike-turners-widow-pens-memoir-on-singers-violent-bipolar-condition/#|title=Ike Turner's Widow Pens Memoir on Singer's Violent Bipolar Condition|last=Cornish|first=Stephanie|date=June 8, 2016|website=The Afro|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205193305/https://www.afro.com/ike-turners-widow-pens-memoir-on-singers-violent-bipolar-condition/|archive-date=December 5, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Children ===
Turner had six children. He had two sons, Ike Turner Jr. (b. 1958) and Michael Turner (b. 1960), with Lorraine Taylor.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=83}} He had a son, Ronald "Ronnie" Turner (1960–2022), with Tina Turner.<ref name="Dasrath-2022">{{Cite web |last1=Dasrath |first1=Diana |last2=Stump |first2=Scott |date=December 13, 2022 |title=Tina Turner's son Ronnie's cause of death is revealed |url=https://www.today.com/health/tina-turner-son-ronnie-cause-death-colon-cancer-rcna61458 |access-date=December 23, 2022 |website=TODAY.com |language=en}}</ref> Tina's son Craig Turner (1958–2018) with [[Raymond Hill (musician)|Raymond Hill]] was adopted by Turner and carried his surname. Craig died in an apparent suicide.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2018/07/03/tina-turners-firstborn-son-craig-turner-dies-apparent-suicide/757019002/|title=Tina Turner's firstborn son dies of apparent suicide|last=Andrea Mandell|first=Bryan Alexander|date=July 3, 2018|website=USA Today}}</ref>
Turner had a daughter, Mia Turner (b. 1969), with Ann Thomas.<ref name="Christian-10-2008" />
Turner's second wife, Velma Davis (née Dishman), claimed that Turner was the father of her daughter, Linda Turner Bullock (b. 1949).<ref name="O'Neal-2017" /> Turner denied her assertion in his autobiography, in which Velma is mistakenly referred to as Thelma: "I met Thelma Dishman, who, at that time, I thought was a pretty girl. Thelma was pregnant, not by me, but I liked her."{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=57}}
In 1988, Turner discovered that he had a daughter named Twanna Melby (b. 1959).{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=211}} Her mother, Pat Richard, had attended [[Sumner High School (St. Louis)|Sumner High School]] with Tina in [[St. Louis]].<ref name="Christian-10-2008" /> In 1991, after Turner had completed 18 months of a prison sentence for [[cocaine intoxication]] and driving under the influence of cocaine,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-02-17-me-522-story.html|title=Ike Turner Gets 4 Years on Cocaine Convictions|date=February 17, 1990|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}{{subscription required}}</ref> he was paroled into Twanna Melby's custody.<ref name="Philips-05-09-1991" /><ref name="Jet-9/23/91" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/05/us/ike-turner-is-paroled.html|title=Ike Turner Is Paroled|date=September 5, 1991|newspaper=The New York Times}}{{subscription required}}</ref>
Ike Turner Jr. released an album, ''Hard Labor'', in 1987.<ref>'Ike Turner, Jr.' (advertisement) ''St. Louis Post-Despatch'' April 30, 1987, p. 23</ref> He won a Grammy Award for his involvement with Turner's 2006 album ''Risin' with the Blues''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/ike-turner-jr|title=Ike Turner, Jr.|website=Recording Academy Grammy Award|date=November 23, 2020}}</ref> He toured with former Ikette Randi Love as Sweet Randi Love and The Love Thang Band.<ref name="BlogTalkRadio-2017" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theoklahomaeagle.net/2017/10/12/tulsa-native-randi-love-giving-to-give-back/|title=Tulsa Native Randi Love Giving To Give Back|last=Jones|first=Fred L.|date=October 12, 2017|website=The Oklahoma Eagle|language=en-US}}</ref>
Ronnie Turner was in a band called Manufactured Funk with songwriter and musician [[Patrick Moten]].<ref name="BlogTalkRadio-2017">{{Cite web|url=https://www.blogtalkradio.com/wfunk/2017/10/16/an-interview-with-ike-turner-jr-and-randi-love-on-the-bobby-eaton-show|title=An Interview with Ike Turner Jr and Randi Love on The Bobby Eaton Show|date=2017|website=BlogTalkRadio}}</ref> He played bass guitar in his mother's band after his parents divorced and he later played in his father's band.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=232}} He married French singer [[Afida Turner]] in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.purepeople.com/media/lesly-mess-alias-afida-turner-au-cote_m383522|title=Lesly Mess alias Afida Turner au côté de son mari Ronnie Turner et de sa belle-mère Tina Turner - Photo|website=www.purepeople.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voici.fr/news-people/actu-people/mort-de-craig-turner-afida-turner-rend-hommage-a-son-beau-frere-648336|title=Mort de Craig Turner : Afida Turner rend hommage à son beau-frère|date=July 5, 2018|website=Voici|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307173744/https://www.voici.fr/news-people/actu-people/mort-de-craig-turner-afida-turner-rend-hommage-a-son-beau-frere-648336|archive-date=March 7, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> After his father's death, he told [[Jet (magazine)|''Jet'' magazine]]: "I loved my father very much... You can talk 5 or 10 minutes about the bad he's done. You can talk all night about the achievements he's had. He was successful with my mom and after my mom. He won a Grammy before he died. That's a lifetime achievement."<ref name="Jet-2008">{{Cite magazine|date=January 14, 2008|title=Musical Tributes Honor Ike Turner's Legacy At Funeral|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EjsDAAAAMBAJ&q=little+richard|magazine=Jet|pages=52–56}}</ref> Ronnie died from complications of [[Colorectal cancer|colon cancer]] in 2022.<ref name="Dasrath-2022" />
=== Legal problems and drug addiction ===
In 1960, Turner and two others were charged for "interstate transportation of forged checks and conspiracy."<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 7, 1960 |title=Band Leader Indicted in Bad Check Swindle |pages=8A |work=St. Louis Globe-Democrat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hunter |first=Bob |date=June 10, 1960 |title=Ike Turner Charged In Check Deal |pages=1 |work=The St. Louis Argus}}</ref> Turner plead not guilty and was forced to stand trial in St. Louis.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 22, 1960 |title=Two Deny $33,394 Check Forging Spree |pages=12A |work=St. Louis Globe-Democrat}}</ref> The jury failed to reach a verdict at the first trial, but he was found not guilty at the retrial in 1961.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 3, 1960 |title=Jury Deadlocked In Ike Turner Case |pages=5D |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=January 13, 1961 |title=Ike Turner Is Freed By Jury On Check Charge |pages=1 |work=The St. Louis Argus}}</ref>
In 1974, Turner and three others were arrested for using illegal [[blue box]]es at Bolic Sound studio to make long-distance phone calls.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=May 2, 1974|title=Turner Says He's Innocent Of Telephone Abuse Rap|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uI8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA53|magazine=Jet|volume=46|issue=6|pages=53}}</ref> He was cleared of the charges.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 8, 1974 |title=Singer Cleared In Phone Fraud |pages=2–A |work=The Miami Herald}}</ref><ref name="Kiersh-08-1985" />
Before the age of thirty, Turner did not use drugs or drink alcohol.<ref name="Christian-10-2008" /> He would fire anyone in his band who used any substances.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=135}} Turner was first introduced to cocaine by "two very famous people" he had been working with at the International Hotel in Las Vegas.<ref name="Becker-1990" />{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=135}} Producer D'Angela Proctor alleged in Turner's ''Unsung'' documentary that the two famous people were [[Elvis Presley]] and [[Redd Foxx]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pendleton |first1=Tonya |title=D'Angela Proctor Talks Ike Turner 'Unsung', Reveals Who Introduced Him To Cocaine |url=https://blackamericaweb.com/2015/06/02/dangela-proctor-talks-ike-turner-unsung-reveals-who-introduced-him-to-cocaine/ |website=Black America Web |access-date=August 20, 2019 |date=June 2, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609013424/https://blackamericaweb.com/2015/06/02/dangela-proctor-talks-ike-turner-unsung-reveals-who-introduced-him-to-cocaine/ |archive-date=June 9, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Penrice-2015" /> He took the cocaine home and tried it one night while writing songs at the piano.<ref name="Christian-10-2008" /> Turner said he liked the reduced need for sleep the drug gave him, which allowed him to write more music.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=136}} By the early 1970s, he was heavily addicted to the drug, buying it in large quantities and sharing it with friends. Turner later estimated that he had spent $11 million on cocaine.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/obituary/2007/12/19/ike-turner|title=Ike Turner|date=December 19, 2007|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=November 4, 2019|issn=0013-0613}}{{subscription required}}</ref> His addiction caused a hole through his [[nasal septum]], the pain of which he relieved by using more cocaine. He eventually began [[freebasing]] [[crack cocaine]].<ref name="Dougherty-1990">{{Cite web|last=Dougherty|first=Steve|date=September 3, 1990|title=Soul Star on Ice: Divorced by Tina, Ike Turner Pays for His Romance with Cocaine in a California Prison|url=https://people.com/archive/soul-star-on-ice-divorced-by-tina-ike-turner-pays-for-his-romance-with-cocaine-in-a-california-prison-vol-34-no-9/|access-date=March 2, 2021|website=People|language=en}}</ref><ref name=Christian-10-2008 />
By the 1980s, Turner's finances were in disarray and he owed the state of California $12,802 in back taxes.<ref name="Kiersh-08-1985" /> He later settled his account. He had tried to sell his studio Bolic Sound to raise funds to avoid [[foreclosure]], but the studio burned down on the day a potential buyer was scheduled to view it in January 1981.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 22, 1981 |title=Fire Razes Turner Recording Studio |pages=C7 |work=The Fresno Bee}}</ref><ref name="Kiersh-08-1985" />
During the 1980s, Turner was arrested multiple times for drug and firearm offenses, which resulted in two convictions.<ref name="Dougherty-1990" />
* In 1980, a [[SWAT]] team raided his Bolic Sound studio, finding a live [[hand grenade]] and seven grams of [[cocaine]]. Turner received his first conviction for cocaine possession. He was sentenced to thirty days in the L.A. county jail with three years [[probation]].<ref name="Kiersh-08-1985" />
* In April 1981, Turner was arrested for shooting a 49-year-old newspaper delivery man. He accused the man of assaulting his wife Ann Thomas and of kicking his dog. Turner said he only fired a shot to scare him off and that the man had injured himself when he climbed over the fence to get away. A jury [[Acquittal|acquitted]] Turner of assault in 1982.<ref name="Kiersh-08-1985" />
* In June 1985, Turner was arrested and charged with conspiracy to sell $16,000 worth of cocaine, possession and maintaining a residence for selling or using a controlled substance.<ref name="Lakeland-28-06-1985">{{cite news|title=Ike Turner Released From Jail|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1346&dat=19850628&id=ue8vAAAAIBAJ&pg=1777,4664336|access-date=February 27, 2012|newspaper=Lakeland Ledger|date=June 28, 1985|author=Lakeland Wire Services}}</ref> The police took $1,000 worth of rock cocaine from his [[North Hollywood]] apartment. Record producer Eddie Coleman Jr. and music company writer Richard Lee Griffin were also arrested and charged. Turner was released on a $5,000 bond.<ref>{{cite news|title=Drug Charges Filed Against Musician Ike Turner|url=https://apnews.com/6e039c64bda556d671a25e5e75aa432b|work=AP News Archive, Jun. 27, 1985|access-date=February 27, 2012|agency=Associated Press}}</ref>
* In 1986, Turner was arrested for cocaine possession, [[concealed carry]] of a handgun and traffic violations; he was released on bail.<ref name="Jet-27-01-1986">{{cite magazine|title=Ike Turner Arrested on Cocaine Charge in Calif.|magazine=Jet|date=January 27, 1986|volume=69|issue=19|page=9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NrMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA9|access-date=February 27, 2012}}</ref>
* In January 1987, Turner was arrested for trying to sell 10 ounces of cocaine to an undercover police officer; he pleaded not guilty.<ref name="AP-1-3-1987">{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|title=Not Guilty Plea on Drugs|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/03/us/not-guilty-plea-on-drugs.html|access-date=October 2, 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 3, 1987}}{{subscription required}}</ref>
* In May 1989, Turner was arrested on drug charges in West Hollywood. He was convicted of [[cocaine intoxication]] and driving under the influence of cocaine in January 1990.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-02-17-me-522-story.html|title=Ike Turner Gets 4 Years on Cocaine Convictions|date=February 17, 1990|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}{{subscription required}}</ref> The next month he was sentenced to four years in prison.<ref name="AP-2-17-1990">{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|title=4-Year Sentence for Ike Turner|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/17/us/4-year-sentence-for-ike-turner.html|access-date=October 2, 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 17, 1990}}{{subscription required}}</ref> He was released on parole in September 1991 after completing 18 months of his sentence at [[California Men's Colony]] in [[San Luis Obispo]].<ref name="Philips-05-09-1991">{{cite news|last=Philips|first=Chuck|title=Will They Still Like Ike? : Turner Nervous About Restarting His Pop Career|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-05-ca-2496-story.html|access-date=February 27, 2012|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=September 5, 1991}}{{subscription required}}</ref><ref name="Jet-9/23/91">{{cite magazine|date=September 23, 1991|title=Ike Turner Released From Prison, Returns To Music And 'Appreciates' Tina|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5rsDAAAAMBAJ&q=twanna+melby+turner&pg=PA37|magazine=Jet|volume=80|issue=23|page=37}}</ref> Larry Kamien, associate warden of the California Men's Colony, said Turner was a model inmate.<ref name="Philips-05-09-1991" /> In prison he became a trustee working in the library and saved $13,000 by selling cigarettes, candy bars, and coffee to other inmates.<ref name="Jet-9/23/91" /><ref name="Miserandino-10-3-2011">{{cite web|last=Miserandino |first=Dominick A. |title=Ike Turner |url=http://thecelebritycafe.com/interviews/ike_turner.html |work=The Celebrity Cafe.com 12–99–99 |access-date=October 3, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115022308/http://thecelebritycafe.com/interviews/ike_turner.html |archive-date=November 15, 2011}}</ref>
Turner managed to break his dependency on cocaine while in prison and remained clean for more than ten years. He visited high schools during [[Black History Month]] to speak against [[Substance abuse|drug use]].<ref name="Pareles 12-13-2007" /> While trying to help an acquaintance from crack addiction at a [[crack house]] he [[relapse]]d in 2004.<ref name="Christian-10-2008" />
=== Health problems ===
In 2005, Turner revealed he had been diagnosed with [[emphysema]], which required him to use an oxygen tank.<ref name="Adams-10-27-2005">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ike-turner-on-sex-drugs-and-rocknroll-512759.html|title=Ike Turner: On sex, drugs and rock'n'roll|last=Adams|first=Guy|date=October 27, 2005|newspaper=The Independent|access-date=October 3, 2011}}</ref> His daughter Mia Turner said, "He was too weak from the emphysema to do anything. He'd go in the studio for a couple of minutes and play a couple of bars and say he had to go lay down."<ref name=Carter-01-17-2008>{{cite news|last=Carter|first=Chelsea J.|title=Cocaine overdose killed Ike Turner, San Diego coroner rules|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Cocaine-overdose-killed-Ike-Turner-San-Diego-3230877.php|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130202052100/http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-01-17/news/17151576_1_cocaine-overdose-drug-abuse-turner-s-daughter|url-status=live|archive-date=February 2, 2013|access-date=October 3, 2011|newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle (AP)|date=January 17, 2008}}</ref> Despite his ill health, he collaborated with Gorillaz on their album ''[[Demon Days]]'' and performed the track with them at the [[Manchester Opera House]] in November 2005.<ref name="NME-2005" />
After his death in 2007, Turner's autopsy and toxicology report showed he was taking [[Seroquel]] at the time of his death. The medicine is most commonly used as treatment for [[bipolar disorder]], [[Alzheimer's disease]] and [[schizophrenia]]. His ex-wife Audrey Madison claimed Turner was bipolar and that she was helping him with his illness, a claim supported by Turner's personal assistant and caretaker, Falina Rasool. Rasool said she talked to Turner about his bipolar disorder and witnessed its effects. "I would come in the room and see him change like a lightbulb, switch on and switch off. I did ask him about it. He said he made a song about it and we started laughing", said Rasool, referring to "Bi Polar" from the Grammy-winning album ''Risin' with the Blues''. "I know I'm bipolar....And I've been bipolar, but a lot of people is bipolar", he told her.<ref name="Christian-10-2008" /> However, Turner's daughter, Mia Turner, disagreed with this diagnosis and felt he was being overmedicated.<ref name="Christian-10-2008">{{cite magazine|last=Christian|first=Margena A.|date=October 2008|title=The Last Days of Ike Turner|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PtMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA97|magazine=Ebony|volume=63|issue=12|pages=94–100|access-date=October 7, 2011}}</ref>
=== Religious affiliation ===
Turner was raised a [[Baptists|Baptist]] and reportedly converted to [[Judaism]] in 1994, but never spoke about it.{{Sfn|Turner|1999|p=7, 21}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=February 9, 2016|title=Black Jews You Should Know, Part 2|url=https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/black-jews-you-should-know-part-2|access-date=March 2, 2021|website=Tablet Magazine|language=en}}</ref>
== Death ==
In the weeks leading up to his death, Turner became reclusive. On December 10, 2007, he told his assistant, Falina Rasool, that he believed he was dying and would not make it to Christmas.<ref name="Christian-10-2008" /> He died two days later, on December 12, at the age of 76, at his home in [[San Marcos, California]].<ref name="usatoday" /><ref>{{Cite news|first=Ray |last=McDonald |title=Rock and Roll Legend Ike Turner Dies |date=December 13, 2007 |publisher=Voice of America |url=http://voanews.com/english/archive/2007-12/2007-12-13-voa18.cfm |work=VOA News |access-date=January 2, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217122243/http://voanews.com/english/archive/2007-12/2007-12-13-voa18.cfm |archive-date=December 17, 2008}}</ref> He was found by his former wife, Ann Thomas. Rasool was also in the house and administered [[cardiopulmonary resuscitation|CPR]]. Turner was pronounced dead at 11:38 a.m.<ref name="Christian-10-2008" />
His funeral was held on December 21, 2007, at the City of Refuge Church in [[Gardena, California]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 21, 2007|title=Memorial service for Ike Turner today|url=https://www.dailynews.com/general-news/20071221/memorial-service-for-ike-turner-today|access-date=January 16, 2021|website=Daily News|language=en-US}}</ref> Among those who spoke at the funeral were [[Little Richard]], [[Solomon Burke]] and [[Phil Spector]]. The Kings of Rhythm played "Rocket 88" and "Proud Mary". Turner was cremated after the funeral service.<ref name="Christian-10-2008" />
On January 16, 2008, the San Diego County Medical Examiner's Office reported that Turner had died from a [[cocaine]] [[Drug overdose|overdose]]. "The cause of death for Ike Turner is cocaine toxicity with other significant conditions, such as hypertensive [[cardiovascular disease]] and pulmonary [[emphysema]]", Supervising Medical Examiner Investigator Paul Parker told [[CNN]].<ref name="death cause">{{Cite news|title=Medical examiner says Ike Turner died of cocaine overdose|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/Music/01/16/iketurner.cocaine/?iref=mpstoryview |work=CNN |date=January 17, 2008 |access-date=January 17, 2008 }}</ref> His daughter Mia was said to be surprised at the coroner's assessment, believing his advanced stage emphysema was a larger factor.<ref name="Carter-01-17-2008" />
Turner died without a valid [[Will and testament|will]]. Less than a week after his death, his former wife Audrey Madison Turner filed a petition stating that he had penned a handwritten will naming her as a beneficiary. In 2009, a judge ruled that the handwritten will was invalid and that Turner's children were legally the direct heirs to his estate.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-exclusive-judge-leans-toward-finding-ike-turners-2009oct30-story.html|title=EXCLUSIVE: Judge leans toward finding Ike Turner's children as heirs|last=Figueroa|first=Teri|date=October 30, 2009|work=The San Diego Union-Tribune}}</ref>
== Awards and nominations ==
Turner has received various awards in recognition for his significant role as a pioneer of rock and roll.
*2001: Inducted into the [[St. Louis Walk of Fame]]<ref name="St. Louis WOF" />
*2002: Inducted into the [[Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame]]<ref name="Mississippi HOF" />
* 2004: Memphis Heroes Award<ref name="Ed-2004" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scottymoore.net/memphisheroes.html|title=Memphis Heroes Awards|website=www.scottymoore.net|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804172105/http://www.scottymoore.net/memphisheroes.html|archive-date=August 4, 2017}}</ref>
* 2005: Inducted into [[Guitar Center#Hollywood's RockWalk|Guitar Center's RockWalk]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bmi.com/news/entry/20050408rockwalk_rockwalk_honors_bmi_blues_legends|title=RockWalk Honors BMI Blues Legends|date=April 7, 2005|website=BMI|language=en}}</ref>
*2007: [[Mojo Awards|Mojo Legend Award]]<ref name="Mojo-2007" />
*2010: Inducted into the [[Clarksdale Walk of Fame]]<ref name="Mississippi Blues Trail" />
* 2015: Inducted into the [[Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rbhalloffame.com/index.php/hall-of-fame/inductees|title=Inductees|website=National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020080929/https://www.rbhalloffame.com/index.php/hall-of-fame/inductees|archive-date=October 20, 2019}}</ref>
*2015: Inducted into St. Louis Classic Rock Hall of Fame <small>(with Tina Turner)</small><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stlouisclassicrock.com/hall-of-fame|title=St. Louis Classic Rock Hall of Fame Vote – Class of 2019|website=www.stlouisclassicrock.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Blues Foundation Awards ===
[[Blues Music Award|'''Blues Music Awards''']]{{awards table}}
|-
| 1981
| ''Ike Turner's Kings Of Rhythm''
| Reissue album
| {{nom}}
|-
| 2002
| ''Here and Now''
| Comeback Album of The Year
| {{won}}
|-
| 2002
| ''Here and Now''
| Soul Blues Album
| {{nom}}
|-
| 2002
| Ike Turner
| Soul Blues Male Artist
| {{nom}}
|-
| 2002
| Ike Turner
| Blues Entertainer of the Year
| {{nom}}
{{end}}
'''[[Blues Hall of Fame]]'''{{awards table}}
|-
| 1991
| "Rocket 88"
| Classic of Blues Recording – Single or Album Track
| {{Won|Inducted}}
|-
| 2005
| Ike Turner
| Performer
| {{Won|Inducted}}
{{end}}
=== Grammy Awards ===
{{awards table}}
|-
| 1962
| "[[It's Gonna Work Out Fine]]"
| [[Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Song|Best Rock & Roll Recording]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| 1970
| ''[[A Black Man's Soul]]''
| [[Grammy Award for Best R&B Instrumental Performance|Best R&B Instrumental Performance]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| 1972
| "[[Proud Mary]]"
| [[Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals|Best R&B Vocal Performance by a Group]]
| {{won}}
|-
| 1975
| "[[Farther Along (song)|Father Alone]]"
| [[Grammy Award for Best Soul Gospel Performance|Best Soul Gospel Performance]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| 1975
| ''[[The Gospel According to Ike & Tina]]''
| Best Soul Gospel Performance
| {{nom}}
|-
| 2002
| | ''[[Here and Now (Ike Turner album)|Here and Now]]''
| [[Grammy Award for Best Traditional Blues Album|Best Traditional Blues Album]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Risin' with the Blues]]''
| Best Traditional Blues Album
| {{won}}
{{end}}
'''[[Grammy Hall of Fame]]'''{{awards table}}
|-
| 1998
| "[[Rocket 88]]" <small>(as Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats)</small>
| Hall of Fame (Single)
| {{Won|Inducted}}
|-
| 1999
| "[[River Deep – Mountain High]]"
| Hall of Fame (Single)
| {{Won|Inducted}}
|-
| 2003
| "Proud Mary"
| Hall of Fame (Single)
| {{Won|Inducted}}
{{end}}
=== Independent Music Awards ===
{{awards table}}
|-
| 2007
| Ike Turner — ''Risin' with the Blues''
| Blues Album
| {{Nom}}
{{end}}
=== Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ===
{{awards table}}
|-
| 1991
| Ike & Tina Turner
| Hall of Fame – Performers
| {{Won|Inducted}}
|-
| 2018
| "Rocket 88" <small>(as Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats)</small>
| Hall of Fame – Singles
| {{Won|Inducted}}
{{end}}
== Selected discography ==
{{Main|Ike Turner discography}}
{{See also|List of songs written by Ike Turner}}
=== Studio albums ===
* 1962: ''[[Ike & Tina Turner's Kings of Rhythm Dance]]'', [[Sue Records|Sue]] 2003
* 1963: ''[[Rocks The Blues]]'', [[Crown Records|Crown]] CLP-5367/CST-367
* 1969: ''[[A Black Man's Soul]]'', [[Pompeii Records|Pompeii]] SD-6003
* 1972: ''[[Blues Roots]]'', [[United Artists Records|United Artists]] UAS-5576
* 1973: ''[[Bad Dreams (Ike Turner album)|Bad Dreams]]'', United Artists UA-LA087-F
* 1980: ''[[The Edge (1980 album)|The Edge]]'' (featuring Tina Turner and Home Grown Funk), [[Fantasy Records|Fantasy]] F-9597
* 2001: ''[[Here and Now (Ike Turner album)|Here and Now]]'', Ikon IKOCD-8850
* 2006: ''[[Risin' with the Blues]]'', [[Zoho Music|Zoho Roots]] ZM-200611<ref>{{cite web|title=Ike Turner- discography|url=http://www.discogs.com/artist/Ike+Turner|publisher=[[Discogs]]|access-date=September 30, 2011}}</ref>
=== Live albums ===
* 2002: ''The Resurrection: Live Montreux Jazz Festival'', Isabel IS 640202
* 2006: ''Ike Turner & The Kings Of Rhythm:'' ''Live In Concert'', Charly Films CHF-F1014LF [DVD/2CD]
=== Compilations ===
* 1976: ''Sun: The Roots Of Rock: Volume 3: Delta Rhythm Kings'', [[Charly Records|Charly]] CR 30103
* 1976: ''I'm Tore Up'', Red Lightnin' RL0016
* 1984: ''Hey Hey'', Red Lightin' RL-0047 [2LP]
* 1994: ''[[I Like Ike! The Best of Ike Turner]]'', [[Rhino Records|Rhino]] R2-71819
* 2001: ''[[The Sun Sessions (Ike Turner's Kings of Rhythm album)|The Sun Sessions]]'', [[Varèse Sarabande]] 302 066 232 2
* 2004: ''[[His Woman, Her Man: The Ike Turner Diaries|His Woman, Her Man: The Ike Turner Diaries— Unreleased Funk/Rock 1970–1973]]''
* 2004: ''[[The Bad Man: Rare & Unreissued Ike Turner Produced Recordings 1962–1965]]'', Night Train International NTICD-7139
* 2004: ''King Cobra: The Chicago Sessions'', Fuel 2000 302 061 390 2
* 2006: ''The Chronological: Ike Turner 1951–1954'', [[Chronological Classics|Classics]] [[Chronological Classics complete discography#R&B Classics|Blues & Rhythm Series 5176]]
* 2008: ''Classic Early Sides 1952–1957'', JSP 4203 [2CD]
* 2011: ''Rocket 88: The Original 1951–1960 R&B and Rock & Roll Sides'', Soul Jam 600803
* 2011: ''That Kat Sure Could Play! (The Singles 1951 To 1957)'', [[Secret Records|Secret]] SECBX-025 [4CD]
* 2011: ''[[Jack Rabbit Blues: The Singles of 1958–1960]]'', Secret SECSP-041
* 2012: ''Ike Turner Studio Productions: New Orleans and Los Angeles 1963–1965'', Ace CDCHD-1329
* 2017: ''She Made My Blood Run Cold'', Southern Routes SR-CD-3502
=== Recordings as a sideman ===
'''[[Howlin' Wolf]]'''
* 1962: ''[[Howling Wolf Sings the Blues|Wolf Sings the Blues]]''
'''[[Albert King]]'''
* 1962: ''[[The Big Blues]]''
'''[[Earl Hooker]]'''
*1969: ''[[Sweet Black Angel (Earl Hooker album)|Sweet Black Angel]]''
'''[[Gorillaz]]'''
* 2005: ''[[Demon Days]]''
=== Ike and Tina Turner ===
{{Main|Ike & Tina Turner discography}}
== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite book|first=John |last=Collis|title=Ike Turner: King of Rhythm|url=https://archive.org/details/iketurnerkingofr0000coll|url-access=registration |year=2003|publisher=Do-Not Press|isbn=978-1-904316-24-4 }}
* {{cite book|first=Anthony |last=DeCurtis|title=Present Tense: Rock & Roll and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bsT3RQ9e58kC|date=September 18, 1992|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=0-8223-1265-4 }}
* {{cite book|first=Ike|last=Turner|title=Takin' Back My Name: The Confessions of Ike Turner|url=https://archive.org/details/takinbackmynamec00turn|year=1999|publisher=Virgin Books Limited|isbn=978-1-85227-850-2}}
*{{Cite book|last=Turner|first=Tina|url=https://archive.org/details/itinamylifestory00turn|title=I, Tina: My Life Story|publisher=Avon Books|year=1986|isbn=0-380-70097-2|___location=New York}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{AllMusic |class=artist |id=p89121}}
* {{IMDb name|id=0877593|name=Ike Turner}}
* [http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/obit/2007/12/the_devil_and_ike_turner.html Obituary by Donald Fagen in Slate]
* [https://www.namm.org/library/oral-history/ike-turner Ike Turner Interview] at [[NAMM Oral History Program|NAMM Oral History Collection]] (2005)
{{Ike Turner}}
{{Ike & Tina Turner}}
{{1991 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Turner, Ike}}
[[Category:Ike Turner| ]]
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Grammy Award winners]]
[[Category:African-American guitarists]]
[[Category:African-American Jews]]
[[Category:African-American pianists]]
[[Category:African-American record producers]]
[[Category:African-American rock singers]]
[[Category:American bandleaders]]
[[Category:American bass-baritones]]
[[Category:American blues guitarists]]
[[Category:American blues pianists]]
[[Category:American male pianists]]
[[Category:American blues singers]]
[[Category:American funk guitarists]]
[[Category:American funk singers]]
[[Category:American male guitarists]]
[[Category:American male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:American rhythm and blues guitarists]]
[[Category:American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:American rock guitarists]]
[[Category:American soul singers]]
[[Category:American rock pianists]]
[[Category:American rock songwriters]]
[[Category:Converts to Judaism from Baptist denominations]]
[[Category:Memphis blues musicians]]
[[Category:Rock and roll musicians]]
[[Category:American soul guitarists]]
[[Category:African-American DJs]]
[[Category:Soul-blues musicians]]
[[Category:Record producers from California]]
[[Category:Blues musicians from Mississippi]]
[[Category:Musicians from Clarksdale, Mississippi]]
[[Category:Blues musicians from Arkansas]]
[[Category:Musicians from St. Louis]]
[[Category:Rhythm and blues pianists]]
[[Category:St. Louis blues musicians]]
[[Category:American lead guitarists]]
[[Category:Singer-songwriters from California]]
[[Category:Sun Records artists]]
[[Category:Chess Records artists]]
[[Category:Flair Records artists]]
[[Category:RPM Records (United States) artists]]
[[Category:Federal Records artists]]
[[Category:Cobra Records artists]]
[[Category:Sue Records artists]]
[[Category:Crown Records artists]]
[[Category:King Records artists]]
[[Category:Kent Records artists]]
[[Category:Pompeii Records artists]]
[[Category:Liberty Records artists]]
[[Category:United Artists Records artists]]
[[Category:Fantasy Records artists]]
[[Category:Zoho Music artists]]
[[Category:Guitarists from California]]
[[Category:Guitarists from Illinois]]
[[Category:Guitarists from Mississippi]]
[[Category:Singer-songwriters from Mississippi]]
[[Category:20th-century American guitarists]]
[[Category:21st-century American guitarists]]
[[Category:20th-century American pianists]]
[[Category:21st-century American pianists]]
[[Category:African-American rock musicians]]
[[Category:Kings of Rhythm members]]
[[Category:Ike & Tina Turner members]]
[[Category:People from San Marcos, California]]
[[Category:Cocaine-related deaths in California]]
[[Category:Drug-related deaths in California]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths in California]]
[[Category:People from East St. Louis, Illinois]]
[[Category:People from West Memphis, Arkansas]]
[[Category:People with bipolar disorder]]
[[Category:American people convicted of drug offenses]]
[[Category:People acquitted of assault]]
[[Category:Mississippi Blues Trail]]
[[Category:People from View Park–Windsor Hills, California]]
[[Category:American music arrangers]]
[[Category:African-American songwriters]]
[[Category:20th-century American male singers]]
[[Category:20th-century American singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:American music industry executives]]
[[Category:Singer-songwriters from Illinois]]
[[Category:Singer-songwriters from Missouri]]
[[Category:Singer-songwriters from Arkansas]]
[[Category:Bigamists]]
| |||