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{{Short description|City in Tunisia}}
{{Dist|Manastir|Monastiraki}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info ---------------->| official_name = Monastir
| native_name = المنستير
| native_name_lang = ar
| other_name =
| settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->
<!-- images and maps ----------->| image_skyline = View of Monastir from the ribat tower.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = Monastir from the ''[[Ribat of Monastir|ribat]]'''s tower
| image_flag =
| image_seal = Armoiries Monastir.svg
| seal_size = 150px
| image_shield =
| image_map = Monastir from space.jpg
| map_caption = Monastir from space
| pushpin_map = Tunisia<!-- the name of a ___location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tunisia
<!-- Location ------------------>| coordinates = {{coord|35|46|10|N|10|49|10|E|region:TN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Tunisia}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Governorates of Tunisia|Governorate]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Monastir Governorate]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Delegations of Tunisia|Delegation(s)]]
| subdivision_name2 = Monastir
| established_title = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date =
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = [[Mondher Marzouk]] <small> ([[Independent politician|Independent]]) </small>
<!-- Area --------------------->| unit_pref = Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
| area_total_km2 = 46.3
| area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
| area_water_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use<ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_m = <!-- Population ----------------------->
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 107127
| population_as_of = 2022
| population_density_km2 = auto
<!-- General information --------------->| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = 1
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST = <!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| postal_code_type = ZIP code <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code = 5000
| area_code = [[Telephone numbers in Tunisia|73]]
| website =
}}
'''Monastir''', also called '''Mestir''' ({{langx|ar|المنستير}} ''{{audio|help=no|Monastir2.wav|Monastīr / Mestīr}}'', from the [[Greek language|Greek]] {{lang|grc|{{linktext|μοναστήριον}}}} "hermit's cell, [[monastery]]"), is a city on the central coast of [[Tunisia]], in the [[Sahel, Tunisia|Sahel]] area, some {{convert|20|km|abbr=off}} south of [[Sousse]] and {{convert|162|km|abbr=off}} south of [[Tunis]]. Traditionally a fishing port, Monastir is now a major tourist resort. Its population is about 93,306. It is the capital of [[Monastir Governorate]].
== Geography ==
=== Location ===
Monastir is a [[peninsula]] surrounded by the [[Mediterranean Sea]] on three sides and forming, to the south, the Gulf of Monastir of the same name, which extends to Cap of [[Ras Dimass]]. It offers diverse landscapes, in particular its sandy and rocky beaches as well as a [[cliff]] stretching over nearly six kilometers.
==History==
[[File:MonastirRibat.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ribat of Monastir|The Ribat in Monastir]]]]
Monastir derived its name from the numerous temples that once stretched from the city’s shores to its inland areas. Archaeological discoveries have revealed rock-cut tombs within caves dating back to the Phoenician era, along with an extensive network of tunnels that linked several cities of religious significance. These tunnels later served both the Romans and the early Muslims. Many of the tombs and caves were located on the islands of Al-Ma'idah, Al-Wastaniyah, and Al-Ghadamsi. In those times, the area was sparsely populated, inhabited mainly by monks and priests.
Monastir was founded on the ruins of the [[Punic]]–[[Ancient Rome|Roman]] city of [[Ruspina]]. The city features a well-preserved [[Ribat of Monastir]] that was used to scan the sea for hostile ships and as a defence against the attacks of the Byzantine fleet. Several [[ulema]] came to stay in the ''ribat'' of this peaceful city for contemplation. The ribat was, in the 1970s, also one of the filming locations for both the [[miniseries]] ''[[Jesus of Nazareth (miniseries)|Jesus of Nazareth]]'' and [[Monty Python]]'s ''[[Life of Brian]]''. There are panoramic views of the city taken from a French naval intelligence airship in 1924.
==Transportation==
The city
{|
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Métro du Sahel, gare de Monastir, 5 novembre 2016.jpg|Metro in the station of Monastir.
File:Monastir train station.JPG|Station of Monastir.
File:Aéroport Monastir, août 2020.jpg|Monastir International Airport.
</gallery>
|}
==Climate==
Monastir has a [[hot semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSh''), characterized by hot summers, mild winters, abundant sunshine, and low rainfall year-round. Located on Tunisia’s central Mediterranean coast, it experiences more moderate conditions than inland areas bordering the Sahara. Average high temperatures reach about 33 °C (91 °F) in July and August. Relative humidity decreases slightly during peak summer, averaging around 55% in June, 53% in July, and 57% in August, before rising to about 64% in September.
{{Weather box
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|width = auto
|___location = Monastir (1991–2020, extremes 1968–2017)
|Jan record high C = 27.2
|Feb record high C = 31.1
|Mar record high C = 37.1
|Apr record high C = 37.5
|May record high C = 43.6
|Jun record high C = 47.0
|Jul record high C = 48.3
|Aug record high C = 47.0
|Sep record high C = 43.0
|Oct record high C = 39.5
|Nov record high C = 31.7
|Dec record high C = 29.7
|year record high C =
|Jan high C = 16.9
|Feb high C = 17.2
|Mar high C = 19.5
|Apr high C = 21.8
|May high C = 25.5
|Jun high C = 29.5
|Jul high C = 32.5
|Aug high C = 33.1
|Sep high C = 29.8
|Oct high C = 26.5
|Nov high C = 21.9
|Dec high C = 18.1
|year high C = 24.4
|Jan mean C = 12.8
|Feb mean C = 13.1
|Mar mean C = 15.3
|Apr mean C = 17.7
|May mean C = 21.2
|Jun mean C = 25.0
|Jul mean C = 27.9
|Aug mean C = 28.6
|Sep mean C = 25.9
|Oct mean C = 22.6
|Nov mean C = 17.8
|Dec mean C = 14.0
|year mean C = 20.2
|Jan low C = 8.7
|Feb low C = 9.0
|Mar low C = 11.2
|Apr low C = 13.6
|May low C = 16.9
|Jun low C = 20.5
|Jul low C = 23.2
|Aug low C = 24.1
|Sep low C = 22.1
|Oct low C = 18.8
|Nov low C = 13.6
|Dec low C = 9.9
|year low C = 16.0
|Jan record low C = 0.2
|Feb record low C = 0.1
|Mar record low C = 1.9
|Apr record low C = 4.5
|May record low C = 8.2
|Jun record low C = 12.4
|Jul record low C = 15.1
|Aug record low C = 14.3
|Sep record low C = 13.9
|Oct record low C = 7.3
|Nov record low C = 0.2
|Dec record low C = -1.9
|year record low C = -1.9
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 36.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 29.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 33.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 21.9
|May precipitation mm = 19.7
|Jun precipitation mm = 5.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 2.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 15.4
|Sep precipitation mm = 65.4
|Oct precipitation mm = 54.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 38.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 40.8
|year precipitation mm = 364.9
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 4.7
|Feb precipitation days = 4.3
|Mar precipitation days = 4.1
|Apr precipitation days = 4.3
|May precipitation days = 2.9
|Jun precipitation days = 1.3
|Jul precipitation days = 0.4
|Aug precipitation days = 1.4
|Sep precipitation days = 5.0
|Oct precipitation days = 4.4
|Nov precipitation days = 4.5
|Dec precipitation days = 4.6
|year precipitation days = 41.6
|Jan humidity = 70
|Feb humidity = 69
|Mar humidity = 70
|Apr humidity = 69
|May humidity = 69
|Jun humidity = 67
|Jul humidity = 65
|Aug humidity = 66
|Sep humidity = 70
|Oct humidity = 71
|Nov humidity = 70
|Dec humidity = 71
|year humidity =
|Jan sun = 178.9
|Feb sun = 188.2
|Mar sun = 221.4
|Apr sun = 240.7
|May sun = 291.8
|Jun sun = 315.4
|Jul sun = 350.7
|Aug sun = 323.7
|Sep sun = 243.5
|Oct sun = 221.6
|Nov sun = 195.0
|Dec sun = 171.8
|year sun =
|source 1 = Institut National de la Météorologie (humidity 1961-1990, sun 1981–2010)<ref name=IMN1>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191219211209/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f/download/normales_1981_2010.txt
| archive-date = 19 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f
| title = Les normales climatiques en Tunisie entre 1981 2010
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 3 January 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMN2>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032155/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/c8d4b465-056c-41e2-a666-05160d19784e/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3/download/normales_1961_1990.txt
| archive-date = 21 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/normales-climatiques-en-tunisie-entre-1961-1990/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3
| title = Données normales climatiques 1961-1990
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 3 January 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMNextremes>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032448/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/b19bf5d3-5f47-43a3-befc-80a4f4f1d267/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30/download/extremes.txt
| archive-date = 21 December 2019
| url = http://data.transport.tn/dataset/extremes-climatiques-en-tunisie/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30
| title = Les extrêmes climatiques en Tunisie
| publisher = Ministère du Transport
| language = fr
| access-date = 3 January 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMNclimate>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032448/https://www.meteo.tn/index.php/donnees-climatiques | archive-date = 21 December 2019 | url = https://www.meteo.tn/index.php/donnees-climatiques | title = Période ensoleillée 1981-2010 climatiques en Tunisie | publisher = Ministère du Transport | language = fr | access-date = 26 December 2019}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|name=Station ID|The Station ID for Monastir is 340404111.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.transport.tn/dataset/reseau-des-stations-meteorologiques-synoptiques/resource/9d68c101-4789-4e6a-bdff-8952d727c0c1 |title=Réseau des stations météorologiques synoptiques de la Tunisie |publisher=Ministère du Transport |language=fr |access-date=3 January 2020}}</ref>}}
|source 2 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Tunisia/CSV/Monastir_60740.csv
| title = Climate Normals 1991-2020
| website = NOAA.gov
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = 18 September 2018}}</ref>
}}
==Economy==
The [[Industry (economics)|industrial]] sector, [[tourism]] and agriculture constituting the main activities of the population :
The economy of this region is also based on [[agriculture]]. The 86% of land used for agriculture, of which 13,125 ha are public or private irrigated areas. 450 ha are forests against 4,600 ha for rangelands. The livestock production is around 74,500 head (cattle, goats, sheep). Regarding the main agricultural products, the region produces in particular fishery products (23,983 t / year), red meat, poultry, milk, oil and olive. Olive cultivation covers an area of 60,000 ha. Monastir is also making a reputation for the production of vegetable crops (169,702 t / year) and arboriculture (11,297 t). The development of agriculture is favored by the presence of 8 hill lakes and hill dams. The establishment of a dozen aquaculture sites in the lagoon of Monastir also allows the region to engage in the breeding of sea bream and sea bass.
The tourist sector occupies the third occupation of the population with luxury hotels by the sea, golf courses ... the region attracts many foreign tourists. The tourism sector has more than fifty hotel units with a total accommodation capacity of more than 25,440 beds. These hotels provide 9,000 jobs. In addition to the 8th century ribat, the great mosque, the Bourguiba mosque, the museums, the souk, the Kiriates islands, the city also has other assets such as the marina, diving centers, two golf courses, a racecourse, night clubs etc. Entertainment abounds between fun and sporting activities. For its last 5 decades, it has attracted tourists by the seaside potential of Saknes. It has two hotel units, a museum, a marine district and the marina. There is also the tourist area of Jinène El Oust which has 6 residential units and the Bekalta area which has 6 hotel units and entertainment lots. In addition, the region's transport infrastructure is also one of the determining factors in the growth of this governorate. Indeed, it has an international airport, a train station, and a metro that connects it to Sousse and [[Mahdia]]. Buses, taxis, rental vehicles also connect it to these two other governorates.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tanitjobs.com/blog/emploi-a-monastir/#nav2|title = Monastir : Présentation et chiffre clés}}</ref>
[[Nouvelair]] has its head office in Monastir in the Dkhila Tourist Zone,<ref>"[http://www.nouvelair.com/reclamations-suggestions-confirmation Réclamations, Suggestions]." Nouvelair. Retrieved on 1 July 2010. "Nos Coordonnées Adresse : Zone Touristique Dkhila – 5065 – Monastir – Tunisie."</ref><ref>"[http://www.nouvelair.com/content/apr%C3%A8s-le-vol Après le vol]." Nouvelair. Retrieved on 1 July 2010.</ref> near the Hôtel Sahara Beach.<ref>Jacobs, Daniel and Peter Morris. ''The Rough Guide to Tunisia''. [[Rough Guides]], 2001. [https://books.google.com/books?id=IstCcZvIkVAC&dq=Nouvelair+%22Zone+Touristique+Dkhila%22&pg=PA215 215]. Retrieved from [[Google Books]] on 1 July 2010. {{ISBN|1-85828-748-0}}, {{ISBN|978-1-85828-748-5}}.</ref>
<gallery mode=packed caption="Pictures of some hotels in Monastir" >
Tunezja, Monastir, wejście do hotelu Rosa Beach - panoramio.jpg
Royal Thalassa Monastir - panoramio.jpg
Skanes - panoramio (4).jpg
Tunezja, Monastir, hotel - panoramio.jpg
Hotel "Esplanade" - panoramio.jpg
</gallery>
== Culture ==
=== Cultural heritage ===
[[File:Monastir73.jpg|thumb|right|Cultural complex of Monastir]]
Monastir has a museum of Islamic arts, inaugurated on August 5, 1958, and which is housed on the first floor of the south wing of the ribat; it contains nearly 300 works (fragments of wood, funerary stelae, polished ceramics, etc.) and receives the visit of almost 100,000 visitors every year.<ref>[http://www.musee-ribat-monastir.com/Fr/musee.php Présentation du Musée islamique du ribat de Monastir]</ref>
=== Music ===
The ethnomusicologist and clarinetist Hassine Haj Youssef is one of Monastir's most active personalities in the musical field. A disciple of Salah El Mahdi, he is also the father of the violinist and composer Jasser Haj Youssef. He is a professor at the National Conservatory of Monastir and at the Higher Institute of Music of Sousse. He has adapted the method of [[Zoltán Kodály]] to the teaching of Arabic music, he is also the producer of several programs of traditional music and anthropology on Radio Monastir and on national television.
Since 2005, he has devoted his time to composition and research on Sufi music in Tunisia.
=== Education ===
[[File:Université de Monastir 2.jpg|thumb|right|View of the University of Monastir]]
The city of Monastir has:
* Five Junior High Schools of basic education: Ali-Bourguiba, Moufida-Bourguiba, Imtiez, Salem-Bchir and a pioneer junior high school;
* Four High Schools: Fatouma-Bourguiba, Hedi-Khefacha, Bourguiba and a Pioneer high school (open since the school year 2003–2004).
Monastir is also a university city, incorporating the [[University of Monastir]] which was founded on September 2, 2004<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.um.rnu.tn/content/en/121/history.html|title=History : university of monastir|website=www.um.rnu.tn|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109192013/http://www.um.rnu.tn/content/en/121/history.html|archive-date=2017-11-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> and covers the governorates of Monastir and [[Mahdia]]. The university of Monastir includes sixteen faculty departments, of which ten are located in Monastir:
* [[Faculty of sciences of Monastir|Faculty of science]]
* [[Faculty of Medicine of Monastir|Faculty of medicine]]
* [[Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir|Faculty of dental medicine]]
* [[Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir|Faculty of pharmacy]]
* The [[National Engineering School of Monastir]]
* The Higher School of science and technologies of health
* The Higher Institutes of Biotechnology
* The Higher Institutes Computer Science and Mathematics
* The Higher Institutes Fashion Trades
* [[Monastir Preparatory Engineering Institute|The Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies]]
The student population of Monastir exceeded 27,000 in 2007–2008, making the city one of the largest in terms of university studies along with [[Tunis]], [[Sfax]] and [[Sousse]].
=== Sport ===
Monastir is represented by the [[US Monastir (football)|US Monastir]] in [[US Monastir (football)|football]] and the [[US Monastir (basketball)|basketball]]. In 2022, the [[US Monastir (basketball)|US Monastir]] won the [[2022 BAL season|BAL]] after being the finalist in [[2021 BAL season]].
The monastirian team plays its matches in the ''[[Stade Mustapha Ben Jannet|Mustapha Ben Jannet stadium]]'' for the football, and the ''Mohamed-Mzali indoor'' for the basketball.
The city hosts multiple M15 and M25 tournaments on the [[ITF Men's World Tennis Tour|ITF World Tennis Tour]].
{|
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Stade Mustapha-Ben-Jennet.jpg|Mustapha Ben Jannet stadium.
File:Salle de réception des candidatures - Municipales 2018.jpg|Mohamed Mzali indoor.
</gallery>
|}
==Notable people==
Tunisian ex-president [[Habib Bourguiba]] was born in Monastir, and his mausoleum is located in the city.
Many other famous politicians are also from Monastir:
* [[Mohamed Mzali]], [[Head of Government of Tunisia|prime minister of Tunisia]] from 1980 to 1986
* [[Hedi Amara Nouira]], prime minister of Tunisia from 1970 to 1980
Among other notable people:
*[[Amel Majri]], footballer for [[Olympique Lyonnais Féminin|Lyon]] and the [[France women's national football team|France national team]]
*[[Jawhar Mnari]], footballer, born in Monastir and winner of [[DFB-Pokal]] (2006/2007).
*[[Hamza Younés]], footballer
==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Tunisia}}
Monastir is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=العلاقات الخارجية و المدن المتوأمة|url=http://www.commune-monastir.gov.tn/web/ar/relations|website=commune-monastir.gov.tn|publisher=Monastir|language=ar|access-date=2021-01-19}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|TJK}} [[Dushanbe]], Tajikistan
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Manisa]], Turkey
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Münster]], Germany
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Saint-Étienne]], France
*{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Tétouan]], Morocco
*{{flagicon|ALG}} [[Tizi Ouzou]], Algeria
<!--rest - not twinning-->
==Gallery==
{|
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Plage de Monastir, 23 août 2018, 6.jpeg|Monastir beach
File:Mosque Monastir.jpg|[[Great Mosque of Monastir]]
File:Monastir- Al Qurayyah beach.jpg|Al Qurayyah beach
File:TUNISIE MONASTIR MAUSOLEE BOURGHIBA 03.jpg|Habib Bourguiba Mausoleum
File:Night photography.jpg|Monastir at night
File:Monastir, Tunezja - panoramio (11).jpg|Street in Monastir
File:Monastir123.jpg|Street shops
File:Gare Habib Bourguiba Monastir.JPG|Habib Bourguiba station
</gallery>
|}
==Neighbouring area==
Monastir's northeastern territories lead into a place called Route de la Falaise, through which one can reach its most notable suburb, Skanes, which is {{convert|6|mi|abbr=off}} from Monastir's town centre.{{Citation needed|date= October 2011}} Hugging Tunisia's coastline, Skanes is a holiday resort known mostly for its professional golf courses; white, sandy beaches; clear blue sea; and hotels that fuse Moorish architecture with modern designs. It is frequented throughout the summer by tourists from around the world.{{Citation needed|date= October 2011}} They also come for the [[Medina quarter|medina]], where it is possible to sample fresh Tunisian cooking and bargain for local goods.{{Citation needed|date= October 2011}}
==See also==
* [[Hotels Monastir]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
===Notes===
{{reflist|group=note}}
==External links==
{{Portal|Africa}}
{{Wikivoyage|Monastir}}
{{Commons category|Monastir}}
*{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.usmonastir.com/ USMonastir.com], official web site of the local multi-sports team
*[https://paris1814.com/tunis Photo gallery of the city of Monastir by French naval intelligence in 1924.]
{{Communes of Tunisia}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Cities in Tunisia]]
[[Category:Communes of Tunisia]]
[[Category:Seaside resorts in Tunisia]]
[[
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