EDonkey network: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 12:08, 8 December 2006

Latest revision as of 19:17, 9 August 2025

(411 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown)

Line 1:

{{lowercaseshort description|title=eDonkeyPeer-to-peer file sharing network}}

{{lowercase title}}

The '''eDonkey network''' (also called '''eDonkey2000 network''' or '''ed2k''') is a [[peer-to-peer]] [[file sharing]] network used primarily to exchange music, films and software. Like most file sharing networks, it is decentralized; files are not stored on a central server but are exchanged directly between users based on the [[peer to peer]] principle. <!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:EDonkey Netwok Communication model.jpg|thumb|right|Model of eDonkey network]] -->

{{fsb}}

{{update|date=February 2022}}

The '''eDonkey Network''' (also known as the '''eDonkey2000 network''' or '''eD2k''') is a [[decentralized]], mostly server-based, [[peer-to-peer file sharing|peer-to-peer file-sharing]] network created in 2000 by US developers [[Jed McCaleb]] and [[Sam Yagan]]<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2005-10-23/a-hard-ride-for-edonkey | title=A Hard Ride For eDonkey - Bloomberg | newspaper=Bloomberg.com | date=24 October 2005 | access-date=2017-01-03 | archive-date=2017-01-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103235833/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2005-10-23/a-hard-ride-for-edonkey | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.tomshardware.fr/articles/Nouveau-client-officiel-eDonkey-et-interview,1-35446.html| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160416044357/http://www.tomshardware.fr/articles/Nouveau-client-officiel-eDonkey-et-interview,1-35446.html| archive-date = 2016-04-16| title = Nouveau client officiel eDonkey et interview}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.numerama.com/magazine/58-exclusivite-interview-du-createur-d-edonkey.html |title=EXCLUSIVITE : Interview du créateur d'eDonkey ! - Numerama |date=3 May 2002 |access-date=3 January 2017 |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103170523/http://www.numerama.com/magazine/58-exclusivite-interview-du-createur-d-edonkey.html |url-status=live }}</ref> that is best suited to share big files among users, and to provide long term availability of files. Like most sharing networks, it is decentralized, as there is no central hub for the network; also, files are not stored on a central server but are exchanged directly between users based on the peer-to-peer principle.

The server part of the network is [[proprietary software|proprietary]] [[freeware]]. There are two families of server software for the eD2k network: the original one from MetaMachine, written in [[C++]], closed-source and proprietary, and no longer maintained; and ''eserver'', written in [[C (programming language)|C]], also closed-source and proprietary, although available free of charge and for several operating systems and computer architectures. The eserver family is currently in active development and support, and almost all eD2k servers as of 2008 run this server software.

The eDonkey [[client (computing)|client]] programs connect to the network to share files. eDonkey [[Server (computing)|server]]s act as communication hubs for the clients and allow users to locate files within the network. Clients and servers are available for [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[Apple Macintosh|Macintosh]], and [[Linux]] and other [[Unix|UNIX]] variants. Anyone can add a server to the network. Because of constant changes to the server network, clients update their server lists regularly.

There are many programs that act as the client part of the network. Most notably, [[eDonkey2000]], the original client by MetaMachine, closed-source but freeware, and no longer maintained but very popular in its day; and [[eMule]], a [[free software|free]] program for [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] written in [[Visual C++]] and [[software license|licensed]] under the [[GNU General Public License|GNU GPL]].

The original eD2k protocol has been extended by subsequent releases of both eserver and eMule programs, generally working together to decide what new features the eD2k protocol should support. However, the eD2k protocol is not formally documented (especially in its current extended state), and it can be said that in practice the eD2k protocol is what eMule and eserver do together when running, and also how eMule clients communicate among themselves. As eMule is [[Open-source software|open source]], its code is freely available for peer-review of the workings of the protocol. Examples of eD2k protocol extensions are "peer exchange among clients", "protocol obfuscation" and support for files larger than four [[gigabyte]]s, etc. The other eD2k client programs, given time, generally follow suit adopting these protocol extensions.

eDonkey [[client (computing)|client]] programs connect to the network to share files.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The eDonkey File-Sharing Network. |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221384617}}</ref> eDonkey [[server (computing)|server]]s act as communication hubs for the clients, allowing users to locate files within the network. Clients and servers are available for [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[macOS]], [[Linux]], and other [[Unix-like]] [[operating system]]s. By running an eDonkey server program on a machine connected to the Internet, any user can add a server to the network. As the number of servers and their addresses change frequently, client programs update their ''server lists'' regularly.

== Features ==

=== Hash identification ===

{{main|ed2k URI scheme}}

Files on the eDonkey network are uniquely identified using [[MD4]] ''root hash'' of an MD4 [[hash list]] of the file. This treats files with identical content but different names as the same, and files with different contents but same name as different.

Files are divided in full ''chunks'' of 9,728,000 bytes (9500 KiB) plus a remainder chunk, and a separate 128-bit MD4 checksum is computed for each. That way, if a transmission error is detected, only one chunk is corrupted instead of the whole file. Furthermore, valid downloaded chunks are available for sharing before the rest of the file is downloaded, speeding up the distribution of large files throughout the network. A file's identification checksum is computed by [[concatenation|concatenating]] the chunks' MD4 checksums in order and hashing the result. In cryptographic terms, the list of MD4 checksums is a hash list, and the file identification checksum is the ''root hash'', also called ''top hash'' or ''master hash''.

The eDonkey network uses a compound [[MD4]] [[hash function|hash]] [[checksum]] to identify files which permits identification of identical files with different filenames as well as distinction of differing files with identical filenames. Another feature of eDonkey is that for files greater than 9,728,000 bytes (about 9.28 MB), it shares file segments before the download completes; this speeds up the distribution of large files throughout the network. To ease file searching, some websites list the checksums of sought-after files in the form of an [[ed2k link]]. Some of those websites also have lists of active servers for users to update. Two such sites are [http://www.filehash.com/ FileHash.com] and [http://www.emugle.com eMugle].

== Servers ==

The most widely used ed2k server software is [[Lugdunum server|Lugdunum]].

It is possible for a malicious user to create two different chunks with the same checksum due to MD4 being vulnerable to [[collision attack]]s.

Recently, servers have appeared on the eDonkey network that censor the shared content search and information about files by type of the file (like video or mp3) or by key words (like "xxx", "sex", etc.). These servers include "Sonny Boy" servers, "Byte Devils", "Pirate's Lair" servers and others. Some of these servers have an IP starting with "72.51" <ref>e.g. see this emule [[http://forum.emule-project.net/index.php?showtopic=100907&st=0 forum]]</ref> and are located in [[United States]], but they are also in other countries. These servers report that a large number of users (up to 1.5 million) are connected to them and thus they raise the number of users in the network to up to 10-13 million; however, it is impossible to determine how many people are actually connected to them. The main purpose of these servers is to broadcast advertisements and fake files to users that connect to them. Some of these servers also function as NetSentry and other outsourced evidence collection companys' spy bots to collect upload information in order to sue users for piracy{{fact}}, though it could be easily blocked out, by the use of [[IP Blocker]] software, such as [http://www.bluetack.co.uk/forums/index.php?act=dscriptca&CODE=viewcat&cat_id=4 bluetack]. Only about 30% of Emule users are currently using ip filtering of some kind (Emule built-in, software like ProtoWall, or at the firewall). {{fact}}

=== Search ===

A problem of the network is that it needs special servers to keep working. It relies on users who are willing to give away bandwidth and computing time permanently to supply a server. Those servers suffer under a lot of heavy traffic and are&mdash;at least in theory&mdash;vulnerable for attacks on the network.

The eDonkey network supports searching of files by name and a number of secondary characteristics such as size, extension, bitrate, etc. The Lugdunum versions of eserver (eDonkey server software) support complex Boolean searches like 'one AND two AND (three OR four) AND ("five four three" OR "two one") NOT seven'.

To ease file searching, some websites list the checksums of sought-after files in the form of an [[ed2k URI scheme|eD2k link]]. Some of these websites also have lists of active servers for users to update.

The (real) server software is developed and maintained by [http://lugdunum2k.free.fr/kiten.html Lugdunum ], leaving the latest (but old) metamachine servers vastly obsolete. The ED2K protocol has been extended numerous times by Lugdunum since Metamachine abandoned development of ED2K server software and [http://forum.emule-project.net/index.php?s=&showtopic=100724&view=findpost&p=810507 displayed] the source code to Lugdunum in late 2002, while maintaining backward compatibility.

== History ==

To overcome this problem MetaMachine, the company developing the original eDonkey client, developed a "successor" of the eDonkey protocol called [[Overnet]], [http://www.overnet.com/ www.overnet.com]. eMule has developed a [[Kademlia]] network of their own, generally called [[Kad Network|Kad]], to overcome this reliance on central servers. [[Emule]] also has a pure P2P client source exchange capability, allowing a client with a 'High ID', i.e. no firewall preventing incoming connections, and a few files well flushed with sources initally acquired from KAD or an ED2K server to keep uploading and downloading for a day or longer after complete disconnection from KAD and ED2K server (Emule won't UDP-query secondary servers when told to disconnect from the server). The source-exchange capability was designed to reduce the load on the servers and KAD by two-thirds or more for files that have a significant quantity of 'seeds', or clients providing sources for the files. MetaMachine Edonkey (eD Hybrid), the 4th or 5th place client for user count on the ED2K network that recently shut down in fear of the RIAA, can not do source exchanges.

In 2004, the eDonkey network overtook [[FastTrack]] to become the most widely used file sharing network on the Internet. While figures vary from hour to hour, it is believed, as of mid-2005, to host on average approximately two to three million users sharing 500 million to two billion files via 100 to 200 servers. The network's most popular server was at one time [[Razorback2]], which usually hosted about one million users. Sometime around February 21, 2006, the Razorback2 servers were raided and seized by the Federal Belgian Police.<ref>{{cite news | title = Raids close file-sharing server | publisher = [[BBC]] | date = 2006-02-23 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4743052.stm | access-date = 2007-01-05 | archive-date = 2006-12-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061219112954/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4743052.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> ''DonkeyServer No1'' and ''DonkeyServer No2'' currently combine for over one and a half million users. However, around July 16, 2007, both servers together with several others were shut down after a temporary injunction was issued.<ref>{{cite web|title=IT-News, c't, iX, Technology Review, Telepolis|url=http://www.heise.de/english/newsticker/news/92760|website=heise online|publisher=Music industry takes on operators of eDonkey servers<!-- Bot generated title -->|language=de-DE|access-date=2007-09-25|archive-date=2007-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011002141/http://www.heise.de/english/newsticker/news/92760|url-status=live}}</ref>

By 2007, [[BitTorrent (protocol)|BitTorrent]] had overcome eDonkey network as the most widely used file sharing network on the Internet. In 2009, it was reported that eDonkey is still the second most popular P2P protocol but is rapidly declining.<ref>[http://www.ipoque.com/sites/default/files/mediafiles/documents/internet-study-2008-2009.pdf Internet Study 2008/2009] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913214847/http://www.ipoque.com/sites/default/files/mediafiles/documents/internet-study-2008-2009.pdf |date=2012-09-13 }}. ''ipoque'' (Leipzig, DE)</ref>

== Clients ==

There are numerous clients for the eDonkey network, some of which are [[open source]] or [[free software]]:

<!--

==Successor protocols==

Note they ARE in alphabetical order.

The original eDonkey network relied on central servers run by users willing to donate the necessary bandwidth and processing/disk usage overhead. Such servers could be subject to heavy traffic and, consequently, more vulnerable to attacks.

To overcome this problem, MetaMachine, the developer of the original eDonkey client, developed [[Overnet]] as a successor to the eDonkey protocol. The eMule Project also developed a [[Kademlia]] network of their own (called [[Kad network|Kad]]) to overcome the reliance on central servers. In addition, [[eMule]] includes a pure P2P client source-exchange capability, allowing a client with a ‘High ID’ (''i.&nbsp;e.'', with incoming eD2k connections not blocked by a firewall) to continue downloading (and uploading) files with a high number of sources for days, even after complete disconnection from the original Kad or eD2k servers that handled the original requests. (eMule does not query secondary servers when told to disconnect from the server). This source-exchange capability is designed to reduce the load on servers by two thirds or more for files that have a large number of ''seeds'', or sources (other clients) for the files. The original eDonkey client by MetaMachine does not support source exchanges.

-->

== Legal action ==

* [[aMule]]: a [[cross-platform]] [[fork]] from [[lMule]] and [[xMule]] that focus on unix platforms.

=== Legal action against eDonkey 2000 ===

* [[eDonkey2000]]: a client of MetaMachine which has been discontinued.

{{main|eDonkey2000}}

* [[eMule]]: an [[open source]] [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] client which is the most popular client, with 80% of network users. Also runs on Linux under [[Wine (software)|Wine]]. There are also lots of [[EMule#eMule_mods|Mods]] of eMule.

On September 13, 2006, MetaMachine Inc., the developer of the [[eDonkey2000]] client, agreed to pay $30 million to avoid potential copyright infringement lawsuits brought by the [[RIAA]]. In accordance with the agreement, eDonkey is to discontinue distribution of their software as well as to take measures to prevent the use of previous copies of their software for file sharing.

* [[Hydranode]]: an open source [[multi-network]] cross-platform core-gui separated client.

* [[Jubster]]: a multi-network client for Windows.

* [[Lphant]]: a multi-network (eDonkey and [[BitTorrent]]) cross-platform core-GUI separated client that runs on the [[Microsoft .NET]] or [[Mono (software)|Mono]] platform.

* [[MLDonkey]]: a free software client that runs on many platforms and supports numerous other file-sharing protocols as well.

* [[Morpheus_(computer program)|Morpheus]]: a file sharing client for Microsoft Windows users.

* [[Pruna]] (formerly, MediaVAMP): a Korean-only client based on eMule.

* [[Shareaza]]: an open source multi-network client for Microsoft Windows users.

===Confiscation of Razorback 2===

Razorback2 was a server of the eDonkey network, known for being able to handle 1 million users simultaneously.

On 21 February 2006, several servers (including Razorback2), located in a [[Belgium|Belgian]] [[datacenter]], were confiscated by the Belgian police, and their operator, who lives in [[Switzerland]], was arrested. This was done after a local judge authorized the confiscation at the datacenter in [[Zaventem]] near [[Brussels]], after a denouncement of the [[Motion Picture Association of America]] (MPAA), in collaboration with the [[IFPI|International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]].

The [[MPAA]] Chairman and CEO [[Dan Glickman]], described this raid as a "major victory":

== The eDonkey client RIAA agreement and its effect on the network ==

{{blockquote|text=This is a major victory in our fight to cut off the supply of illegal materials being circulated on the Internet via peer-to-peer networks. By shaving the illegal traffic of copyrighted works facilitated by Razorback2, we are depleting other illegal networks of their ability to supply Internet pirates with copyrighted works which is a positive step in our international effort to fight piracy.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Motion Picture Association |title=BELGIAN & SWISS AUTHORITIES BREAK RAZORBACK2: World's Largest P2P Facilitator Put Out of Illegal Business |url=http://www.mpaa.org/press_releases/2006_02_21_razer.pdf |website=Motion Picture Association |access-date=5 January 2024 |archive-date=15 April 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060415024031/http://www.mpaa.org/press_releases/2006_02_21_razer.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>}}

{{main|eDonkey2000}}

Besides having Razorback's equipment confiscated and their site shut down, copyright enforcement entities such as MPAA and [[IFPI]] have set up several "Razorback2" fake servers online, with the purpose of mimicking the original servers but which yield no useful results, hampering file-sharing traffic. Afterwards, the Swiss anti-piracy tech firm Logistep SA was hired to help further intimidate and prosecute filesharing users.

On [[September 13]], [[2006]], the firm behind the [[eDonkey2000]] client, MetaMachine Inc, agreed to pay $30 million dollars to avoid potential copyright infringement lawsuits from the [[RIAA]]. As per the agreement, eDonkey will discontinue distribution of their software as well as to take measures to prevent file-sharing by using previous copies of their software. The actual impact of the RIAA agreement on the ED2K network as a whole has been very small. This is because eMule has been the dominant client on the network since 2002; it already represented over 90% of the network at the time of the agreement. <ref>[http://greatinca.net/blog/my-emule-usage-statistics/ GreatInca's blog eMule Usage Statistics] - Shows the vast majority of the ed2k clients being open source Emule clients. When including the 'eM Compat' clients (mostly eMule Plus clients), over 90% of the clients are eMule clients.Edonkey is identified as edhybrid in these stats. </ref>

eDonkey was also outnumbered by the minority clients aMule and Shareaza, the 2nd and 3rd largest minority (by far) clients in terms of usage.

===eDonkey poisoning===

{{see also|Torrent poisoning}}

Servers have appeared on the eDonkey network that censor shared content searches and information about files by the type of the file (such as video or [[MP3]]) or by keywords.<ref>[http://forum.emule-project.net/index.php?showtopic=100907&st=0 Do You Want To Recover The List Of Servers?, Real and Fake servers list] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927015234/http://forum.emule-project.net/index.php?showtopic=100907&st=0 |date=2007-09-27 }}. eMule forum.</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=October 2010}} These servers report large numbers of users (up to 1.5 million) connected to them, thus raising the number of users in the network to 10–13 million; however, it is impossible to determine how many people are actually connected to them. Such servers often disseminate advertisements disguised as commonly searched-for music/video files.

== Server software ==

The main server software used for the eD2k network is known as ''Lugdunum server''. It was created by reverse engineering edonkey protocol and redesigned from scratch. (MetaMachine abandoned development of eD2k server software and revealed the source code to Lugdunum in late 2002, but was never used).<ref>{{cite web|title=Razorback Servers Seized By Belgian Police - Official eMule-Board|url=http://forum.emule-project.net/index.php?showtopic=100724&st=375&p=810507&#entry810507|website=forum.emule-project.net|publisher=Razorback Servers Seized By Belgian Police - Official eMule-Board<!-- Bot generated title -->|access-date=2007-02-02|archive-date=2007-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092720/http://forum.emule-project.net/index.php?showtopic=100724&st=375&p=810507&#entry810507|url-status=live}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=October 2010}} Lugdunum has extended the eD2k protocol while maintaining backward compatibility. Lugdunum server software is [[Gratis versus libre|gratis]], but not open source. The stated reason for not opening the source is to prevent the easy creation of fake servers and to prevent attacking the server itself.

In September 2007, a new server software was announced on the eMule web site forums,<ref>{{cite web|title=New Edonkey-server-software - Official eMule-Board|url=http://forum.emule-project.net/index.php?showtopic=129030|website=forum.emule-project.net|publisher=New Edonkey-server-software|access-date=2007-09-22|archive-date=2007-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011103351/http://forum.emule-project.net/index.php?showtopic=129030|url-status=live}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=October 2010}} called satan-edonkey-server. Given the shut down of major eMule servers due to legal action against them just days earlier, the new server was accepted with suspicion. It was feared that the software may transmit information about the clients to unknown third parties. Some trusted eMule developers received the source code of satan-edonkey-server and stated that no spy-code is built in. The satan server software was created by reverse engineering edonkey protocol. The software comes in two versions (C++ and Java). Satan-eDonkey-server software is also gratis.

A [[Java (programming language)|Java]] version of the server side can be found in [https://github.com/vavavr00m/ed2j], which was written in 2012.

== Client software ==

{{Main|Comparison of eDonkey software}}

Numerous clients, including several that are [[free software]], are available for the eDonkey/eDonkey2000 network:

<!-- In alphabetical order: -->

* [[aMule]]: a successful [[Fork (software development)|fork]] from lMule, it fully copied the interface and feel of eMule, and now it shares code with eMule project.

* [[eDonkey2000]]: an original MetaMachine client, since discontinued

* [[eMule]]: a [[free software|free]] [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] client, can also be run on Linux (under [[Wine (software)|Wine]]); numerous [[EMule#eMule mods|mods]] are also available

* [[eMule Plus]] is a [[free software|free]] (GPL) [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] client loosely based on [[eMule]], but doesn't have KAD or obfuscation support while adding other features such as automated fake checks and enhanced GUI. eMule Plus has no direct association with the original eMule.

* Hydranode: a [[free software|free]], multi-network, cross-platform, core-GUI-separated client<ref>{{cite web|title=Hydranode Project|url=http://hydranode.com/|website=hydranode.com|access-date=2009-07-29|archive-date=2009-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205053437/http://hydranode.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>

* iMule: an anonymous eMule using the [[I2P]] network

* [[JMule]]: a free open source multi platform java client.

* Jubster: a multi-network client for Windows

* [[lMule]] (Linux Mule): A very raw eDonkey client based in eMule, targeted to Linux platforms.

* [[Lphant]]: an eDonkey and [[BitTorrent]], cross-platform, core-GUI-separated client that runs on the [[Microsoft .NET]] and [[Mono (software)|Mono]] platforms

* eAnt: a successful [[Fork (software development)|fork]] from Lphant with significant improvements made to keep the source code open. Currently inactive.

* [[MLDonkey]]: a [[free software|free]], multi-network, cross-platform client

* [[Morpheus (file-sharing software)|Morpheus]]: a file sharing client for Windows

* Pruna (formerly, MediaVAMP): a Korean-language client based on eMule

* [[Shareaza]]: a [[free software|free]] [[Open-source software|open source]] multi-network file-sharing client that supports the [[Gnutella2]] and [[Gnutella]] [[P2P network]]s, as well the [[BitTorrent (protocol)|BitTorrent protocol]], additionally to eD2k. It allows network-spanning search of content and has web browser integration to operate as a [[download manager]]. Supports user profiles, remote file browsing, chat and advanced search filtering.

* [[xMule]] (X11 Mule): a fork from lMule. Deviating from copying eMule, it has more controls than lMule but is less user-friendly. Discontinued in January 2009.

* qMule: a multi-protocol, cross-platform client for eDonkey and [[BitTorrent (protocol)|BitTorrent]] networks. Based on libed2k, libtorrent-rasterbar and Qt.

== Tools and libraries ==

* libed2k: Cross platform C++ eDonkey protocol library. Inspired by libtorrent_rasterbar.

== See also ==

* [[Comparison of eDonkeyfile-sharing softwareapplications]]

* [[Kad network]]

*[[Comparison of file sharing applications]]

* [[Kad networkOvernet]]

*[[Overnet]]

*[[comparison of eDonkey software]].For a list with more clients.

== References ==

{{reflist}}

<references />

== External links ==

* [https://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/pdonkey/eDonkey-protocol-0.6.2.html pDonkey project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113124026/http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/pdonkey/eDonkey-protocol-0.6.2.html |date=2009-01-13 }}{{dash}}eDonkey protocol description

*[http://phantomp2p.co.uk PhantomP2P.co.uk] - Large eDonkey2000 (eD2k) Link Database

{{eDonkey}}

*[http://kent.dl.sourceforge.net/pdonkey/eDonkey-protocol-0.6.2.html pDonkey project] - eDonkey protocol description.

{{File sharing protocols}}

*[http://judiciary.senate.gov/testimony.cfm?id=1624&wit_id=4689 Sam Yagan's letter to the US Judiciary Senate]

* ''[http://shumans.com/p2p-business-models.pdf Advanced Peer-Based Technology Business Models]''. [[Shuman Ghosemajumder|Ghosemajumder, Shuman]]. [[MIT Sloan School of Management]], 2002.

* ''[http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item.jhtml?id=4206&t=innovation Music Downloads: Pirates- or Customers?]''. Silverthorne, Sean. [[Harvard Business School|Harvard Business School Working Knowledge]], 2004.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Edonkey Network}}

[[Category:File sharing networks]]

[[Category:Key-based routing]]

[[Category:Overlay networks]]

[[ko:당나귀 (네트워크)]]

[[Category:Mix networks]]

[[nl:EDonkeynetwerk]]

[[pl:Ed2k]]

[[ru:EDonkey2000 (сеть)]]

[[zh:eDonkey Network]]