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{{About}}
{{distinguish|City of Greater Bendigo}}
{{
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox Australian place
| type = city
| name = Bendigo
| state =
| image = Bendigo
| caption = Bendigo city centre
| pop =
|
| pop_footnotes= <ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 Bendigo, Census All persons QuickStats |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/20201 |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics}}</ref>
|
|
|
| rainfall = 510.0
| elevation = 213
| coordinates = {{coord|36|45|0|S|144|16|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| est = 1851
| area = 287.4 <!-- Do not use the LGA area figure here as it is misleading -->
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=2016 Census Community Profiles: Bendigo|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/2004|website=ABS Census|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|access-date=26 October 2017}}</ref> (2016 urban)
| timezone = [[UTC10|AEST]]
| utc = +10
| timezone-dst = [[UTC11|AEST]]
| utc-dst = +11
|region=[[Loddon Mallee]]| county = [[County of Bendigo|Bendigo]]
| postcode = 3550<ref>{{cite web|title= 3550 Postcode|url=https://auspost.com.au/postcode/3550|website=Australia Post|publisher=[[Australia Post]]|access-date=2 April 2024}}</ref>
|
|
| fedgov = [[Division of Bendigo|Bendigo]]
| lga = [[City of Greater Bendigo]]
| dist1 = 150 | dir1 = NW | location1 = Melbourne
| dist2 = 423 | dir2 = SE | location2 = Mildura
| dist3 = 98 | dir3 = NE | location3 = Ballarat
}}
'''Bendigo''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɛ|n|d|ᵻ|ɡ|oʊ}} {{respell|BEN|dig|oh}}) is an Australian city in north-central [[Victoria (state)|Victoria]]. The city is located in the [[Bendigo Valley]] near the geographical centre of the state<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110314154704/http://www.bendigo.vic.gov.au/page/page.asp?page_Id=1711&h=0 Plaque to mark Exact Centre of Victoria - 12/10/2006] City of Greater Bendigo</ref> and approximately {{convert|150|km|mi|0}} north-west of [[Melbourne]], the state capital.
As of 2022, Bendigo has a population of 103,818 making it Australia's 19th-largest [[List of cities in Australia by population|city by population]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Statistics |title=Population estimates by LGA, Significant Urban Area, Remoteness Area and electoral division, 2001 to 2022 |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/latest-release |access-date=23 Jan 2024 |website=abs.gov.au |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |language=en}}</ref> Bendigo is the fourth-largest inland city in Australia and the fourth-most populous city in Victoria.
Bendigo is administered by the [[City of Greater Bendigo]], formerly the [[City of Bendigo]]. The council area encompasses roughly 3,000 square kilometres.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our region {{!}} City of Greater Bendigo |url=https://www.bendigo.vic.gov.au/about-us/our-region |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=www.bendigo.vic.gov.au |language=en}}</ref> The city is surrounded by smaller towns such as [[Castlemaine, Victoria|Castlemaine]], [[Heathcote, Victoria|Heathcote]], [[Kyneton]], [[Maryborough, Victoria|Maryborough]], [[Elmore, Victoria|Elmore]], [[Rochester, Victoria|Rochester]], [[Goornong]] and [[Axedale]].
The [[traditional owners]] of the area are the [[Dja Dja Wurrung]] (Djaara) people.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Djaara (Dja Dja Wurrung Clans Aboriginal Corporation)|url=https://djadjawurrung.com.au/|access-date=2021-06-01|language=en-AU}}</ref> The discovery of gold on [[Bendigo Creek]] in 1851 transformed the area from a [[sheep station]] into one of colonial Australia's largest [[boomtown]]s. News of the finds intensified the [[Victorian gold rush]], bringing an influx of migrants from around the world, particularly Europe and China. Bendigo became eastern Australia's largest 19th-century gold-mining economy, and the wealth generated during this period is reflected today in the city's [[Victorian architecture|Victorian architectural]] heritage. From 1853 until 1891, Bendigo was officially named Sandhurst.
Bendigo's boom period lasted until the early 20th century and after a temporary decline in population and employment, renewed growth occurred from the 1930s as the city consolidated as a manufacturing and regional service centre. Although gold mining continues, recent population growth has been most heavily concentrated in suburban areas. With the completion of the [[Calder Highway|Calder Freeway]] linking Melbourne and Bendigo in 2009, and the region's proximity to Melbourne, Bendigo has become one of the fastest-growing regional centres in Victoria.<ref name="forecast.id.com.au">[https://forecast.id.com.au/bendigo Welcome to the City of Greater Bendigo population forecasts] City of Greater Bendigo</ref>
==History==
===Indigenous history and European settlement===
[[File:Bendigo Creek ST Gill.jpg|thumb|[[Bendigo Creek]], named after a local shepherd and amateur boxer who, in turn, earned the sobriquet because his fighting style resembled that of English bare-knuckle champion [[William Thompson (boxer)|William Abednego "Bendigo" Thompson]]]]
The traditional owners of the [[Mount Alexander]] area, traditionally named Leanganook, that includes [[City of Greater Bendigo|Greater Bendigo]], are the [[Dja Dja Wurrung]] (Djaara) people. They exploited the rich local hunting grounds from which they were displaced by the arrival by [[History of Australia (1788–1850)|white settlers]], who established the first of many vast sheep runs in 1837. The Dja Dja Wurrung peoples experienced two waves of settlement and dispossession: from the south from 1837 and from the north from 1845.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Clark|first=Ian D.|title=Scars in the landscape : a register of massacre sites in western Victoria, 1803-1859|date=1995|publisher=Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies|isbn=0-85575-281-5|___location=Canberra|oclc=41539940}}</ref> The marked decrease in Dja Dja Wurrung population was also due to the arrival of non-indigenous animals; they use their noses to "root up" the nutritious [[Microseris scapigera|moon-nar tuber]] (yam daisy); after just a year it was noticed the plant was becoming scarce.<ref>Beth Gott, "Murnong — Microseris scapigera: a study of a staple food of Victorian Aborigines", ''Australian Aboriginal Studies'', no. 2, 1983, pp. 12, 14.</ref>
Squatters in the area included: Donald Campbell at Bullock Creek in [[Ravenswood, Victoria|Ravenswood]]; J. and R. Bakewell to the north of Bendigo; Heap and Gryce to the north-west; Archibald McDougall to the west; Joseph Raleigh and James Robinson along the [[Campaspe River]] to the south; and Thomas, Jones and William Barnett to the east.<ref>The Squatters' directory : Containing a list of all the occupants of crown lands in the intermediate and unsettled districts of Port Phillip ... compiled from the Government Gazette ... (1849). Melbourne: Edward Wilson.</ref><ref>{{Citation | author1=Billis, R. V. (Ralph Vincent) | author2=Kenyon, A. S. (Alfred Stephen), 1867-1943 | contributor-last=Strachan|contributor-first=H. M.|contribution=Foreword| title=Pastoral pioneers of Port Phillip | date=1932 | publisher=Macmillan & Company Ltd. | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/18646346 | access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref> The Ravenswood "Mount Alexander North run", occupied from c. 1840 by Donald Campbell, was acquired by brothers Stewart and Robert Gibson in 1848, with Frederick Fenton later replacing one of the Gibson brothers. After the discovery of gold in 1851, Fenton sold provisions to the miners and agisted their horses. Becoming the sole owner of the Ravenswood run in 1857, Fenton built its substantial homestead.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Bendigo Independent (Vic. : 1891 - 1918) - 10 Apr 1917 - p2|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page24429707|access-date=2020-06-26|website=Trove|language=en}}</ref>
Gold was officially discovered on Bendigo Creek at the north-eastern boundary of the Ravenswood run,<ref name=":0a">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article88546644 |title=THE BENDIGO ADVERTISER |newspaper=[[Bendigo Advertiser]] |volume=XXXV |issue=10,156 |___location=Victoria, Australia |date=21 March 1888 |access-date=26 June 2020 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> earlier known as the Mount Alexander North run, in October 1851. The creek had been named "Bendigo Creek" after a local shepherd and employee of the Mount Alexander North run nicknamed for the English bare-knuckle prizefighter [[William Thompson (boxer)|William Abednego "Bendigo" Thompson]]. The area was transformed in less than a year as tens of thousands of people arrived during the great gold rush in 1852.
Widespread gold mining caused environmental devastation and permanent damage in the district, decimating and displacing the Dja Dja Wurrung<ref name=":0b">{{Cite book |last1=Lawrence |first1=Susan |title=Sludge : disaster on Victoria's goldfield |last2=Davies |first2=Peter |publisher=La Trobe University Press in conjunction with Black Inc |year=2019 |isbn=9781760641108 |edition=1st |___location=Carlton, Victoria |oclc=1101283189}}</ref> and destroying the infrastructure they created over generations to maximise seasonal drainage patterns; the channels and weirs they built out of timber stakes, to slow receding summer flows, were wrecked; water holes where the people gathered in smaller groups during periods of scarce rainfall and from which they transported water in skin bags when moving, were muddied, polluted and drained; the soaks they had dug between banks into sandy sediment to tap into the water table were likewise obliterated. Some of their waterholes in rock platforms of creeks that they found or enlarged, then covered with slabs to protect them from animals, may still remain, unidentified.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chen |first=Lovell |title=Thematic environmental history : final report June 2013 |date=2013 |publisher=Lovell Chen |oclc=1228917606}}</ref><ref name=":0b" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Morrison |first=Edgar |title=The Loddon Aborigines : tales of old Jim Crow |year=1981 |oclc=271522680}}</ref>
=== Gold mining boom ===
{{Further|Victorian gold rush}}
[[File:Charing Cross Bendigo 1853.jpg|thumb|left|Bendigo, 1853]]
Gold was officially discovered in the area in October 1851,<ref name=":0a" /> just after the other significant goldfields in neighbouring [[Castlemaine, Victoria|Castlemaine]], from where many diggers migrated, bringing the total population to 40,000 in less than a year. Many of these diggers were Chinese and their descendants still live in the region.
[[File:Deep Gully Mine Bendigo.jpg|thumb|upright|Deep Gully Mine, 1857]]
During 1852, under the direction of the [[Surveyor General of Victoria]], [[Robert Hoddle]], William Swan Urquhart was making a general survey of Mount Alexander and the surrounding ranges and the goldfields. He fixed the site of the township as "Sandhurst". On 13 July 1852, Hoddle passed on to Urquhart the request of Lieutenant-Governor La Trobe for a plan of the Mount Alexander gold workings, and his order that he mark out a reserve at the junction of Golden Gully with Bendigo Creek, and the camp on the west side of the creek below the junction. In late August La Trobe wanted him to report urgently on the best reserves for agriculture in the district. By 26 November he had mapped Bendigo Creek and Myers Creek and his survey of the [[Bendigo Valley]] and environs marked township reserves at Bullock Creek, Ravenswood and Happy Jack where settlement was already taking place. His plan ''General Survey of the Bendigo Goldfields showing the proposed reserves for townships. Drawn by W. S. Urquhart, Melbourne, November 1852'' recommended sites for national schools, churches, markets and other public purposes reserved from sale.<ref>{{Cite web|last=James|first=Ken|date=2009|title=The surveying career of William Swan Urquhart, 1845-1864 {{!}} PROV|url=https://prov.vic.gov.au/explore-collection/provenance-journal/provenance-2009/surveying-career-william-swan-urquhart-1845#_ednref22|access-date=2020-06-25|website=Provenance: The Journal of Public Record Office Victoria, issue no. 8, 2009. ISSN 1832-2522}}</ref>
In 1853, a large protest called the [[Anti-Gold Licence Association|Red Ribbon Rebellion]] was held over the cost of the licence fee for prospectors, though it passed peacefully due to good diplomacy by police and miners' leaders. From being a tent city, the boomtown grew rapidly into a major urban centre with many grand public buildings. The municipality became a borough in 1863, officially known as [[Sandhurst (Colony of Victoria, Australia)|Sandhurst]] until 1891, but always unofficially as Bendigo.
The railway had reached Bendigo by 1862, stimulating rapid growth, with flour mills, woollen mills, tanneries, quarries, foundries, [[eucalyptus oil]] production, food production industries and timber cutting. When the alluvial gold ran out, extraction of quartz-based gold continued in [[Shaft mining|deep shafts]] using industrial systems.
[[Selection (Australian history)|Selection]] in the future [[county of Bendigo]] (created in 1869) commenced under the Land Act of 1865, with most settlement occurring around Sandhurst and [[Eaglehawk, Victoria|Eaglehawk]].
=== Decline and regeneration ===
[[File:Sandhurst in 1884.jpg|thumb|left|Bendigo from Camp Hill, 1886]]
Bendigo was declared a city in 1871. Rapid population growth brought a water shortage, partially solved with a new viaduct that harnessed the [[Coliban River]].
The architect [[William Charles Vahland (architect)|William Charles Vahland]] (1828–1915) left an important mark on Bendigo during this period. He is credited with the popular cottage design known as a Vahland House. The cottage design that has vastly been customised shares a common theme of a central door, a sash window either side, a central hallway that runs the entire length of the house and [[verandah]]s ordained in iron lace, a style that was soon adopted across the state of Victoria. Vahland also designed more than 80 buildings, including the [[Alexandra Fountain]], arguably the most prominent monument in Bendigo, with its granite dolphins, unicorns, nymphs and allegorical figures. A [[Trams in Bendigo|tram network]] was established by 1890, some of which is still in operation as a tourism service currently.
[[File:Bendigo Streetscape.jpg|thumb|[[Alexandra Fountain]] in [[Charing Cross (Bendigo)|Charing Cross]], c. 1920s, now listed along with the surrounding buildings on the [[Victorian Heritage Register]]]]
[[File:A Chinese woman wearing traditional qipao standing in the bushland with two borzoi dogs in the bushland of Bendigo, Victoria, Australia, 1930.png|thumb|A [[Chinese Australians|Chinese Australian]] woman wearing traditional [[Cheongsam|qipao]] standing in the bushland with two [[borzoi]] dogs in the bushland of Bendigo, Victoria, Australia, 1930s]]
After a temporary drop in population, renewed growth occurred from the 1930s as the city consolidated as a manufacturing and regional service centre, though gold mining continues.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}} Recent growth has been most heavily concentrated in areas such as Epsom, Kangaroo Flat, Strathdale and Strathfieldsaye.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}
On 28 March 2013, the [[Dja Dja Wurrung]] people were formally recognised as the [[traditional owner]]s for part of Central Victoria, including the land on which the City of Greater Bendigo sits.
In 1994, under municipal reforms of Victoria's [[Jeff Kennett|Kennett government]], the City of Bendigo was abolished and merged with the Borough of Eaglehawk, the Huntly and Strathfieldsaye shires, and the Rural City of Marong to form the larger City of Greater Bendigo. The population of the city increased from around 78,000 in 1991 to about 100,617 in 2012. Bendigo is currently one of the fastest-growing regional centres in Victoria.<ref name="forecast.id.com.au" />
==Geography==
The city is surrounded by components of the [[Greater Bendigo National Park]], as well as the [[Bendigo Box-Ironbark Region]] [[Important Bird Area]], identified as such by [[BirdLife International]] because of its importance for [[swift parrot]]s and other [[woodland]] birds.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.birdata.com.au/iba.vm |title=IBA: Bendigo Box-Ironbark Region |access-date=23 October 2011 |work=Birdata |publisher=Birds Australia |archive-date=6 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706102341/http://www.birdata.com.au/iba.vm |url-status=dead }}</ref> A dozen species of insect-eating bats and the pollinating grey-headed flying fox inhabit the area.
===Climate===
Bendigo has a relatively dry [[temperate climate]] with warm, variable summers and cool winters. Under the [[Köppen-Geiger climate classification system|Köppen-Geiger classification]], it lies on a [[humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical]]/[[cold semi-arid climate|cold semi-arid]] transitional climate zone (''Cfa/BSk''),<ref>Porteners, M. F. 1993.The natural vegetation of the Hay Plain: Booligal-Hay and Deniliquin-Bendigo 1:250 000 maps, Cunninghamia Vol. 3(1): 1–87.</ref> due to its ___location being on the boundary of the hot, sultry inland areas to the north and the cool, damp [[Southern Ocean]] to the south.<ref>Donohue, R. J., McVicar, T. R., and Roderick, M. L.: Climate-related trends in Australian vegetation cover as inferred from satellite observations, 1981–2006, Glob. Change Biol., 15, 1025– 1039, 2009</ref> Bendigo gets 109.9 clear days annually.<ref name="latrobe">{{cite web |date=20 June 2014 |title=Bendigo Campus, Latrobe |url=http://www.atuni.com.au/1894/bendigo-campus-latrobe/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110528/http://www.atuni.com.au/1894/bendigo-campus-latrobe/ |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=31 March 2015 |publisher=AtUni.com.au}}</ref>
The mean minimum temperature in January is {{convert|14.4|°C|1|abbr=on}} and the maximum {{convert|30.3|°C|1|abbr=on}}, although temperatures above {{convert|35|°C|1|abbr=on}} are commonly reached.<ref name="latrobe"/> The highest temperature officially recorded was {{convert|45.4|°C}}, during the [[2009 southeastern Australia heat wave]].<ref>{{Citation | title = The exceptional January–February 2009 heatwave in south-eastern Australia | publisher=National Climate Centre | work=Bureau of Meteorology | page = 2 | date = 12 February 2009 | url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/current/statements/scs17d.pdf }}</ref> There is also a disputed recording of {{convert|47.4|°C}} (on 14 January 1862).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bendigoadvertiser.com.au/news/local/news/opinion/weather-history-preserved/722078.aspx|title=Weather history preserved|work=[[Bendigo Advertiser]]|first=Rod|last=Aikman|date=8 February 2003|access-date=5 August 2011}}</ref> Summers are also subject to cold weather: on 2 February 2005, the maximum temperature did not exceed {{convert|11.5|°C}} all day.
The mean minimum temperature in July is {{convert|2.7|°C|1|abbr=on}} and winter minima below {{convert|0|°C|0|abbr=on}} are recorded on 26.1 nights per year on average. Mean maximum winter temperatures in July are {{convert|12.7|°C|1|abbr=on}}. Most of the city's annual rainfall of {{convert|510.0|mm|in|2}} falls between June and September as cold fronts. Snowfalls are rare; however, [[rain and snow mixed|sleet]] occurs and rain commonly falls at temperatures below {{convert|5|C}} on account of the city's exposed ___location. [[Frost]]s are a common occurrence during the winter and spring, though hampered by the frequent cloud cover.
{{Weather box|___location = [[Bendigo Airport (Victoria)|Bendigo Airport]] ([[Bendigo Airport (Australia)|YBDG]]) (normals 1991–2020, extremes 1991–present); 209 m AMSL; 36.74° S, 144.33° E
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|unit precipitation days = 1 mm
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan record high C = 45.9
|Feb record high C = 45.4
|Mar record high C = 39.3
|Apr record high C = 34.3
|May record high C = 26.4
|Jun record high C = 20.7
|Jul record high C = 19.7
|Aug record high C = 24.2
|Sep record high C = 32.8
|Oct record high C = 35.5
|Nov record high C = 41.9
|Dec record high C = 44.8
|year record high C =
| Jan high C = 30.2
| Feb high C = 29.6
| Mar high C = 26.2
| Apr high C = 21.4
| May high C = 16.6
| Jun high C = 13.4
| Jul high C = 12.7
| Aug high C = 14.2
| Sep high C = 17.0
| Oct high C = 21.0
| Nov high C = 24.8
| Dec high C = 27.6
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = 22.3
| Feb mean C = 22.0
| Mar mean C = 19.1
| Apr mean C = 14.7
| May mean C = 11.0
| Jun mean C = 8.5
| Jul mean C = 7.7
| Aug mean C = 8.6
| Sep mean C = 10.8
| Oct mean C = 13.9
| Nov mean C = 17.4
| Dec mean C = 19.8
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 14.3
| Feb low C = 14.4
| Mar low C = 11.8
| Apr low C = 8.0
| May low C = 5.3
| Jun low C = 3.5
| Jul low C = 2.7
| Aug low C = 2.8
| Sep low C = 4.5
| Oct low C = 6.8
| Nov low C = 9.9
| Dec low C = 12.0
| year low C =
|Jan record low C = 3.3
|Feb record low C = 4.0
|Mar record low C = 2.3
|Apr record low C = -1.3
|May record low C = -4.6
|Jun record low C = -5.3
|Jul record low C = -5.1
|Aug record low C = -5.0
|Sep record low C = -5.5
|Oct record low C = -3.5
|Nov record low C = -0.2
|Dec record low C = 1.9
|year record low C = -5.5
| Jan avg record high C = 40.6
| Feb avg record high C = 38.3
| Mar avg record high C = 34.5
| Apr avg record high C = 28.7
| May avg record high C = 22.2
| Jun avg record high C = 17.4
| Jul avg record high C = 16.6
| Aug avg record high C = 19.4
| Sep avg record high C = 25.0
| Oct avg record high C = 30.7
| Nov avg record high C = 35.3
| Dec avg record high C = 37.9
| year avg record high C = 41.4
| Jan avg record low C = 7.0
| Feb avg record low C = 7.5
| Mar avg record low C = 5.0
| Apr avg record low C = 1.8
| May avg record low C = -0.8
| Jun avg record low C = -2.4
| Jul avg record low C = -2.7
| Aug avg record low C = -2.6
| Sep avg record low C = -1.7
| Oct avg record low C = 0.4
| Nov avg record low C = 2.8
| Dec avg record low C = 5.0
| year avg record low C = -3.4
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 33.7
|Feb rain mm = 30.5
|Mar rain mm = 29.2
|Apr rain mm = 34.7
|May rain mm = 46.9
|Jun rain mm = 50.3
|Jul rain mm = 53.0
|Aug rain mm = 51.9
|Sep rain mm = 50.2
|Oct rain mm = 39.5
|Nov rain mm = 45.5
|Dec rain mm = 39.2
|year rain mm =
|Jan precipitation days = 3.9
|Feb precipitation days = 3.0
|Mar precipitation days = 3.6
|Apr precipitation days = 4.1
|May precipitation days = 6.4
|Jun precipitation days = 7.6
|Jul precipitation days = 8.8
|Aug precipitation days = 8.2
|Sep precipitation days = 7.3
|Oct precipitation days = 6.0
|Nov precipitation days = 5.6
|Dec precipitation days = 4.6
|year precipitation days =
|humidity colour = green
|Jan afthumidity = 30
|Feb afthumidity = 32
|Mar afthumidity = 35
|Apr afthumidity = 41
|May afthumidity = 55
|Jun afthumidity = 65
|Jul afthumidity = 65
|Aug afthumidity = 57
|Sep afthumidity = 51
|Oct afthumidity = 41
|Nov afthumidity = 36
|Dec afthumidity = 31
|year humidity = 45
|source 1 = [[Australian Bureau of Meteorology]]<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/
|title = Climate data online (Station number: 081123)
|publisher = Bureau of Meteorology
|access-date = 27 Jun 2025}}</ref>
}}
====Extreme weather events====
A series of great floods occurred in Bendigo in 1859.<ref>''The Argus'' (Melbourne) 30 May 1859, p. 6.</ref><ref>''The Courier'' (Hobart, Tas.) 20 May 1859, page 2</ref> Substantial flooding also occurred in 1903.<ref>''The Argus'' (Melbourne) 29 December 1903, p. 6.</ref>
[[File:Bendigo Fires 07022009 1.jpg|thumb|Fire threatening houses in Long Gully, west of Bendigo, during the 2009 [[Black Saturday bushfires]]]]
Tornadoes have been seen around the area of Bendigo and, although rare, the [[2003 Bendigo tornado]] passed through Eaglehawk and other parts of the city causing major damage to homes and businesses.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/05/18/1053196481064.html
|title='Mini tornado' wreaks havoc
|work=The Age
|access-date=30 March 2008
|___location=Melbourne
|date=19 May 2003
}}</ref>
Bendigo was in severe drought from 2006 to 2010 and, during this time, the city had some of the harshest [[water restrictions]] in Australia with no watering outside the household. Heavy rains from the middle to later months of 2010 filled most reservoirs to capacity and only wasteful water use (e.g. hosing down footpaths) is currently banned.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130717140129/http://www.coliban.com.au/savingwater/pwsr.asp Permanent Water Saving Rules] Coliban Water</ref>
Bendigo was affected by the [[Black Saturday bushfires]] in 2009. A fire to the west of the city burned out {{convert|500|ha|acre}}.<ref name="abc bendigo meeting">{{cite news | title = Meeting held for fire-affected Bendigo residents | publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation | date = 9 February 2009 | url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/02/08/2485623.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090209222753/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/02/08/2485623.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 9 February 2009 | access-date =9 February 2009 }}</ref> The fire broke out at about 4.30 pm on the afternoon of 7 February and burned through Long Gully and Eaglehawk, coming within {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} of central Bendigo, before it was brought under control late on 8 February.<ref name="abc bendigo meeting" /> It destroyed about 58 houses in Bendigo's western suburbs and damaged an electricity transmission line, resulting in blackouts to substantial parts of the city.<ref name="herald-sun man on fire">{{cite news | title = The man up the road is on fire | work = Herald Sun | ___location = Australia | date = 9 February 2009 | url = http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,25025484-2862,00.html | access-date = 9 February 2009 | first1 = Emily | last1 = Power | first2 = Karen | last2 = Collier | archive-date = 30 December 2012 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20121230150352/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/archives/old-news-pages/the-man-up-the-road-is-on-fire/story-e6frf8zo-1111118793125 | url-status = dead }}</ref> One fatality from the fire occurred.
Flash floods occurred across Bendigo during 2010, the first in March<ref>{{cite web|last=Quirk |first=Clare |url=http://www.bendigoadvertiser.com.au/news/local/news/general/bendigo-flood-cleanup-then-the-cost/1769793.aspx |title=Bendigo flood clean-up, then the cost |work=Bendigo Advertiser |date=7 March 2010 |access-date=31 March 2015}}</ref> and the most severe at the beginning of September.<ref>{{cite web|last=Quirk |first=Clare |url=http://www.bendigoadvertiser.com.au/news/local/news/general/deluge-causes-flood-havoc-across-central-victoria/1932955.aspx |title=Deluge causes flood havoc across central Victoria |work=Bendigo Advertiser |date=5 September 2010 |access-date=31 March 2015}}</ref> The region also had flooding events in October 2022 and January 2024.
==
[[File:Bendigo Cathedral.jpg|thumb|[[Sacred Heart Cathedral, Bendigo|Sacred Heart Cathedral]], Australia's third tallest church building]]
According to the [[2016 Australian census|2016 census]] of population, 92,379 people were in the Bendigo Urban Centre.
* [[Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander]] people made up 1.8% of the population.
* 84.6% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England 1.6%, India 0.7%, New Zealand 0.6%, Myanmar 0.5%, and Thailand 0.4%.
* 88.1% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Karen 0.9%, Mandarin 0.5%, Malayalam 0.2%, Punjabi 0.2% and Hindi 0.2%.
* The most common responses for religion were No Religion 36.2%, Catholic 22.0% and Anglican 12.9%.<ref name="census">{{Census 2016 AUS|id=UCL211003|name=Bendigo (Urban Centre and Localities)|access-date=22 April 2018|quick=on}}</ref>
According to the City of Greater Bendigo Community Profile, the population estimate for 2019 for this area was 118,093 (0.39 persons per [[hectare]]).<ref name =profile/>
==
In the 19th century, Catholicism was the predominant Christian tradition in Bendigo. Catholic priest and pioneer [[George Henry Backhaus]] established a site in 1852 for the first Masses at Golden Square and, by the end of the year, he was camping at the site of Bendigo's first church, St Kilian's Church, completed in 1858. A wealthy man, Backhaus left his estate for the benefit of the church which, in 1897, enabled the construction of [[Sacred Heart Cathedral, Bendigo|Sacred Heart Cathedral]]. Completed in 1977, it is the largest church building in provincial Australia. As of 2016, Catholicism is still practised by 22% of the population. In the 2016 census, 36.2% reported having "no religion".<ref name="census" />
The Sandhurst Methodist Circuit (1854) serviced five Wesleyan churches which had been built in previous years. There were several church schools, but they were attended by one-fifteenth of Bendigo's school children.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}
The Chinese, who in the mid-19th century constituted 20% of Bendigo's population, built the heritage-listed Bendigo Joss House Temple dedicated to [[Guan Yu|Kwan Tai or Lord Guan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-02-18/chinese-temple-brings-fortune-family-worshippers-say/9454664|title=One of Australia's oldest Chinese temples brings fortune and family, worshippers say|publisher=abc.net.au/|date=2018-02-18|access-date=2020-11-22}}</ref> where they practised [[Chinese folk religion|syncretic]] beliefs involving [[Ancestor veneration in China|ancestor worship]] and the three main religions of China: [[Buddhism]], [[Taoism]] and [[Confucianism]].<ref>{{Citation | author1=National Trust of Australia (Vic.) | author2=National Trust of Australia (Victoria) | title=Bendigo and the Chinese Joss House | date=1972 | publisher=National Trust of Australia (Victoria) | isbn=978-0-909710-04-0}}</ref> Bendigo is also home to the largest [[stūpa]] in the Western world, the [[Great Stupa of Universal Compassion]], which houses the [[Jade Buddha for Universal Peace]], the world's largest gem-quality [[jade]] [[Buddharupa|Buddha]] statue. {{as of|2016}}, Buddhism was followed by 1.4% of Bendigo people,<ref name =profile>{{Cite web|title=Religion {{!}} City of Greater Bendigo {{!}} Community profile|url=https://profile.id.com.au/bendigo/religion?WebID=100|access-date=2020-06-29|website=profile.id.com.au}}</ref> and [[Islam]] by about 0.5%.<ref name =profile/> In 2019,<ref name=romensky/> despite [[Bendigo mosque protests|protests]] by several far-right and [[Islamophobia|anti-Islam]] organisations,<ref name="Hatch">{{cite news|last1=Patrick|first1=Hatch|title=Q Society spreading anti-mosque message in Bendigo|work=The Age|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/q-society-spreading-antimosque-message-in-bendigo-20140622-zshj4.html|access-date=27 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | website=ABC News | title=Bendigo's anti-mosque protest: United Patriots Front nationalist group behind demonstration|first=Madeleine |last=Morris | date=12 October 2015 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-12/who-was-behind-bendigos-anti-mosque-protests/6848468 | access-date=29 March 2021}}</ref> construction began on Bendigo's first mosque and Islamic community centre.<ref name=romensky>{{cite web | last=Romensky | first=Larissa | title=Bendigo mosque construction begins as Premier Daniel Andrews turns first sod| website=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation | date=26 July 2019 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-07-26/bendigo-mosque-sod-turned-after-years-of-controversy/11347164 | access-date=29 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Kernebone | first=Elspeth | title=Bendigo mosque works begin as first sod turned at site of Islamic Community Centre | website=Bendigo Advertiser | date=26 July 2019 | url=https://www.bendigoadvertiser.com.au/story/6295558/a-day-of-joy-as-mosque-construction-begins/ | access-date=29 March 2021}}</ref>
==Urban structure==
===City centre===
[[File:Hargreaves mall bendigo.jpg|thumb|Hargreaves Mall, one of Bendigo's main shopping areas]]
The central area (CBD) of Bendigo consists of around 20 blocks of mixed-use area. The [[main street]] is the Midland Highway, the section running through the CBD is also known as [[Pall Mall (Bendigo)|Pall Mall]]. Hargeaves Mall, named after the gold prospector [[Edward Hargraves]], is one of the city centre's main shopping areas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-24 |title=Bendigo mall named after lazy 'charlatan' who betrayed his friends |url=https://www.bendigoadvertiser.com.au/story/8900109/bendigo-mall-named-after-lazy-charlatan-who-betrayed-colleagues/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=www.bendigoadvertiser.com.au |language=en-au}}</ref>
===Suburbs===
The contiguous urban area of Bendigo covers roughly 82 km<sup>2</sup> of the local government area's 3048 km<sup>2</sup>. Generally the suburbs occupy the catchment of the [[Bendigo Creek]] and its tributaries.
Bendigo has many suburbs, some of which (such as Eaglehawk) were once independent satellite townships and many that extend into the surrounding bushland.
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope=col | Name
! scope=col | Population (2016)
!Population (2021)
! scope="col" | Postcode
|-
| [[Ascot, Bendigo|Ascot]]
| 1,968
|2,571
| 3551
|-
| [[Bendigo (suburb)|Bendigo]]
| 6,143
|5,652
| 3550
|-
|[[Big Hill (City of Greater Bendigo)|Big Hill]]
|261
|281
|3555
|-
| [[California Gully]]
| 4,363
|4,476
| 3556
|-
| [[Eaglehawk, Victoria|Eaglehawk]]
| 5,691
|5,538
| 3556
|-
| [[Eaglehawk North]]
| 5
|0
| 3556
|-
| [[East Bendigo]]
| 2,092
|2,246
| 3550
|-
| [[Epsom, Victoria|Epsom]]
| 4,325
|5,014
| 3551
|-
| [[Flora Hill]]
| 3,955
|3,989
| 3550
|-
| [[Golden Gully]]
| 211
|213
| 3551
|-
| [[Golden Square, Victoria|Golden Square]]
| 8,820
|9,220
| 3555
|-
|[[Huntly, Victoria|Huntly]]
|2,379
|3,585
|3551
|-
| [[Ironbark, Victoria|Ironbark]]
| 1,095
|1,163
| 3550
|-
| [[Jackass Flat]]
| 1,141
|1,907
| 3551
|-
| [[Junortoun, Victoria|Junortoun]]
| 3,201
|3,862
| 3551
|-
| [[Kangaroo Flat, Victoria|Kangaroo Flat]]
| 9,492
|11,328
| 3555
|-
| [[Kennington, Victoria|Kennington]]
| 5,649
|5,880
| 3550
|-
| [[Long Gully]]
| 3,383
|3,420
| 3550
|-
| [[Maiden Gully]]
| 4,992
|5,407
| 3551
|-
| [[North Bendigo]]
| 3,953
|4,277
| 3550
|-
| [[Quarry Hill, Victoria|Quarry Hill]]
| 2,339
|2,365
| 3550
|-
| [[Sailors Gully]]
| 711
|743
| 3556
|-
| [[Spring Gully, Victoria|Spring Gully]]
| 3,000
|3,092
| 3550
|-
| [[Strathdale]]
| 5,663
|5,756
| 3550
|-
| [[Strathfieldsaye, Victoria|Strathfieldsaye]]
| 5,428
|6,850
| 3551
|-
| [[West Bendigo]]
| 375
|378
| 3550
|-
| [[White Hills, Victoria|White Hills]]
| 3,275
|3,620
| 3550
|}
===Architectural heritage===
[[File:Bendigo Building main street-01+ (573049668).jpg|thumb|left|Established in 1854, [[Shamrock Hotel, Bendigo|Shamrock Hotel]] was rebuilt in 1897.]]
As a legacy of the gold boom, Bendigo has many buildings built in a late [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] colonial style. Many buildings are on the [[Victorian Heritage Register]] and registered by the [[National Trust of Australia]]. Prominent buildings include the [[Bendigo Town Hall]] (1859, 1883–85), the [[Bendigo Post Office|Old Post Office]], the [[Bendigo Law Courts]] (1892–96), the [[Shamrock Hotel, Bendigo|Shamrock Hotel]] (1897), the Institute of Technology, and the Memorial Military Museum (1921), all in the [[Second Empire (architecture)|Second Empire]] style.
The architect [[William Charles Vahland (architect)|William Vahland]] encouraged European artisans to emigrate to the [[Sandhurst (Colony of Victoria, Australia)|Sandhurst]] goldfields and so create a "Vienna of the South".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110823065406/http://www.australiaforeveryone.com.au/icons_shamrock.htm "Vienna Of The South" (Bendigo), Vic] Australia for Everyone</ref> Bendigo's [[Sacred Heart Cathedral, Bendigo|Sacred Heart Cathedral]], a large sandstone church, is the third-largest cathedral in Australia and one of the largest cathedrals in the [[Southern Hemisphere]]. The main building was completed between 1896 and 1908 and the spire between 1954 and 1977.
Fortuna Villa is a large surviving Victorian mansion, built for Christopher Ballerstedt and later owned by George Lansell. Many other examples of Bendigo's classical architecture include the Colonial Bank building (1887) and the former Masonic Hall (1873–74), which is now a performing-arts centre. Bendigo's [[Chinese temple architecture|Joss House]], a historic temple, was built in the 1860s by Chinese miners and is the only surviving building of its kind in regional Victoria, which continues to be used as a place of worship. The historic Bendigo Tram Sheds and Power Station (1903) now house [[Trams in Bendigo|Bendigo's tramway museum]]. The Queen Elizabeth Oval still retains its ornate 1901 grandstand.
===Parks and gardens===
[[File:Bendigo rosalind.jpg|thumb|[[Rosalind Park]] featuring statuary and flanked by ornate Second Empire-style buildings]]
The central city is skirted by [[Rosalind Park]], a Victorian-style garden featuring statuary and a large [[basalt|blue stone]] [[viaduct]]. The main entrance corner of the park is on the intersection known as [[Charing Cross (Bendigo)|Charing Cross]], formerly the intersection of two main tram lines (now only one). It features a large statue of [[Queen Victoria]].
The Charing Cross junction features the large and ornate [[Alexandra Fountain]] (1881) and is built on top of a wide bridge that spans the [[viaduct]]. The park elevates toward Camp Hill, which features a historic school and a lookout – a former mine [[Shaft mining|poppet head]].
Further from the city is [[Lake Weroona|Lake Weeroona]], a large, ornamental lake adjacent to the Bendigo Creek. The [[Bendigo Botanic Gardens]], which opened in 1869, are further downstream. Major redevelopment of the gardens has taken place in recent years.
The gardens are home to many native species of animals, including brushtailed and ring-tailed possums, ducks, coots, purple swamp hens, microbats (small insect-eating bats), several species of lizards, owls, the tawny frogmouth, and though not native to the area,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pallin|first1=Nancy|last2=McDonald|first2=Tein|date=January 2013|title=On-ground habitat restoration: Interview with Nancy Pallin|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emr.12029|journal=Ecological Management & Restoration|volume=14|issue=1|pages=11–19|doi=10.1111/emr.12029|bibcode=2013EcoMR..14...11P |issn=1442-7001|url-access=subscription}}</ref> a colony of endangered grey-headed flying foxes ([[Grey-headed flying fox|Pteropus poliocephalus]]).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Roberts|first1=Billie J.|last2=Mo|first2=Matthew|last3=Roache|first3=Mike|last4=Eby|first4=Peggy|date=2020|title=Review of dispersal attempts at flying-fox camps in Australia|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo20043|journal=Australian Journal of Zoology|volume=68|issue=6|pages=254|doi=10.1071/zo20043|issn=0004-959X|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
==Culture and events==
[[File:BendigoCapitalTheatre.JPG|thumb|[[Capital Theatre (Bendigo)|Capital Theatre]]]]
[[File:SunLoong.jpg|thumb|Bendigo is home to [[Sun Loong]], the world's longest [[dragon dance|imperial dragon]], a symbol of the city's Chinese heritage and a major drawcard of Bendigo's Easter Festival procession. For the remainder of the year, it is on display in the [[Golden Dragon Museum]].]]
The [[Bendigo Art Gallery]] is one of Australia's oldest and largest regional art galleries. In March 2012, it hosted a royal visit from [[Charlene, Princess of Monaco|Princess Charlene]] of Monaco at the opening of an exhibition about [[Grace Kelly]].<ref>{{cite web|author=John Elder |url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/a-fairytale-in-bendigo-as-charlene-enters-with-grace-20120310-1urgh.html |title=A fairytale in Bendigo as Charlene enters with grace |work=The Age |date=10 March 2012 |access-date=31 March 2015}}</ref>
The [[Capital Theatre (Bendigo)|Capital Theatre]], originally the Masonic temple, is located next to the art gallery in View Street and hosts [[performing arts]] and live music. It also hosts the annual Bendigo Writers Festival which was founded in 2012.
The [[Ulumbarra Theatre]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ulumbarratheatre.com.au/Home |title=Home |publisher=Ulumbarra Theatre |access-date=2016-01-20}}</ref> was opened on 16 April 2015.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pedler |first=Chris |url=http://www.bendigoadvertiser.com.au/story/3019282/ulumbarra-theatre-grand-opening-kicks-a-goal/ |title=Ulumbarra Theatre: Grand opening kicks a goal |newspaper=Bendigo Advertiser |date=2015-04-17 |access-date=2016-01-20}}</ref> It was originally the Sandhurst/Old Bendigo Gaol. The new theatre which seats nearly 1,000 people sits within the walls and structure of the jail and retains some original architectural features of the jail.<ref>{{cite web|last=Parker |first=Fiona |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-19/old-meets-new-as-sandhurst-gaol-becomes-ulumbarra-theatre/6022058 |title=Old meets new in Bendigo as Sandhurst Gaol becomes Ulumbarra Theatre – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) |publisher=Abc.net.au |date=2015-01-19 |access-date=2016-01-20}}</ref> The venue hosts performing arts and live music. It also acts as a ceremonial and teaching space for local secondary schools and universities.
The city hosts the Bendigo National [[Flea market|Swap Meet]] for car parts every year in early November. It is regarded{{By whom|date=April 2011}} as the biggest in the Southern Hemisphere and attracts people from all over Australia and the world.
The city hosts the Victorian leg of the annual [[Groovin' the Moo]] music festival. It is held at the Bendigo Showgrounds and is usually held in late April or early May. The festival regularly sells out and brings many Australian and international acts to the city. It also attracts thousands of people from around Victoria to the city for the weekend.
The [[Bendigo Blues and Roots Music Festival]] has been taking place each November since 2011. With over 80 artists from all over Australia, the not-for-profit festival is hosted in many of the venues around Bendigo, and is headlined by a large, family-friendly, free concert held in [[Rosalind Park]].
The [[Bendigo Easter Festival]] is held each year and attracts tens of thousands of tourists to the city over the Easter long weekend. Attractions include parades, exhibitions, and a street carnival.
The Bendigo Queer Film Festival (BQFF) is one of Australia's few regional annual festivals celebrating the [[Queer]] film genre. The BQFF started in 2004 and takes place in the second half of April.
The Festival of Light is a multicultural celebration of peace and harmony inspired by the Buddha's birthday held in May each year since 2013 at the Great Stupa. The festival's program includes dancing and musical acts followed by a fireworks display at night.
In November 2019 Bendigo was recognised as a United Nations' City of Gastronomy.
Bendigo is home to a number of amateur theatre groups including the Bendigo Theatre Company, Tribe Youth Theatre and Nexus Youth Theatre.
===Media===
Eight locally based radio stations are active; 105.1 Life FM, Gold 1071am and 98.3FM, [[Hit91.9 Bendigo|Hit 91.9]], [[3BO FM]] (broadcasting as Triple M) and [[ABC Central Victoria]] located on Napier Street, as well as the community radio stations Radio KLFM 96.5, [[Phoenix FM (Central Victoria)|Phoenix FM]], [[Fresh FM (Bendigo)|Fresh FM]] and Vision Australia Radio 3BPH Bendigo 88.7 FM.
Network television is broadcast in the Bendigo region by the [[Seven Network]], [[WIN Television]] (affiliated with the [[Nine Network]]), [[Network 10]], the [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] (ABC) and the [[Special Broadcasting Service]] (SBS).
Of the three commercial networks, WIN Television airs a half-hour ''[[WIN News]]'' bulletin each weeknight at 5.30 pm, produced from a newsroom in the city and broadcast from studios in [[Wollongong]].
Short local news updates and weather updates are broadcast by Network 10 throughout the day, produced and broadcast from its [[Hobart]] studios. The Seven Network airs short local news and weather updates throughout the day, produced and broadcast from its [[Canberra]] studios.
On 5 May 2011, analogue television transmissions ceased in most areas of regional Victoria and some border regions including Bendigo and surrounding areas. All local free-to-air television services are now being broadcast in digital transmission only. This was done as part of the federal government's plan for [[digital terrestrial television in Australia]], where all analogue television transmission were being gradually switched off and replaced with [[DVB-T]] transmission.
[[File:BendigoTownHall2.JPG|thumb|upright|The [[Bendigo Town Hall]], a popular venue for music concerts]]
===Music===
A number of live music venues offer local independent bands and artists performing on a regular basis. The [[Bendigo Town Hall]] also hosts music concerts and is a primary venue for the Bendigo Chamber Music Festival. Several adult choirs and the Bendigo Youth Choir often perform overseas; the [[Bendigo Symphony Orchestra]], the Bendigo Symphonic Band, the Bendigo and District Concert Band, several brass bands and three pipe bands perform as well.<ref>{{cite web
| title = Arts Register
| publisher=[[City of Greater Bendigo]]
| year = 2010
| url = http://www.bendigo.vic.gov.au/Directory/s2.asp?S1Key=5&S2key=36&S3Key=212&Show=y&h=0
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091008033032/http://www.bendigo.vic.gov.au/Directory/s2.asp?S1Key=5&S2key=36&S3Key=212&Show=y&h=0
| archive-date = 2009-10-08
| access-date =6 June 2010}}</ref>
Musicians originally from Bendigo include [[Patrick Savage (composer/musician)|Patrick Savage]] – film composer<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bendigoadvertiser.com.au/story/8187970/no-strings-attached-violin-virtuoso-returns-home-to-bendigo/ | title=No strings attached: Violin virtuoso returns home to Bendigo | date=8 May 2023 }}</ref> and former principal first violin of the [[Royal Philharmonic Orchestra]] in London. ''Australian Idol'' winner [[Kate DeAraugo]] grew up in Bendigo where her family still live.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musictheatreaustralia.com.au/component/entertainers/kate_dearaugo/4670 |title=Celebrity – Book Kate Dearaugo at MTA – Entertainment Booking Agency Australia – MTA Entertainment and Events |publisher=Musictheatreaustralia.com.au |date=5 November 1985 |access-date=31 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/Kate-DeAraugo-Biography/DC9B1CC6447CA544482570ED0010B24E |title=Kate Dearaugo Biography |publisher=Sing365.com |access-date=31 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402141936/http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/Kate-DeAraugo-Biography/DC9B1CC6447CA544482570ED0010B24E |archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref>
==
=== Cricket ===
[[File:Queen Elizabeth Oval Bendigo VIC.jpg|thumb|right|Queen Elizabeth Oval's 19th-century grandstand]]
[[Cricket]] and [[Australian rules football]] are the most popular sports in Bendigo. The [[Queen Elizabeth Oval]] (referred to locally as the QEO) hosts both sports. The Bendigo and District Cricket Association is the controlling body for 10 senior cricket clubs within the Bendigo area. The Emu Valley Cricket Association organises matches for 13 clubs around the Bendigo district, from Marong in the north to Heathcote in the south. Bendigo is a regional hub for state level sport, hosting numerous football, cricket, and other sports competitions annually.
==
In terms of Australian rules football, [[Bendigo Gold]] were a semi-professional team which competed in the [[Victorian Football League]] until 2014. The Bendigo region is also home to the historic [[Bendigo Football League]], a strong Australian rules competition featuring 10 teams from throughout the region. One of the league's founding member clubs, the Bendigo-based [[Sandhurst Football Netball Club|Sandhurst Football Club]], was founded in 1861, making it one of the world's [[oldest football club]]s.
==
The [[Bendigo Cup]] is a prominent [[horse-racing]] event.
The [[Bendigo Stadium]] hosted basketball games during the [[2006 Commonwealth Games]]. Bendigo's men's team is called the [[Bendigo Braves]] and the women's team is called [[Bendigo Spirit]]. In both 2013 and 2014, the women's team won the [[Women's National Basketball League]] championship. The city co-hosted the [[2003 FIBA Oceania Championship]].
Bendigo was the host to the second [[Commonwealth Youth Games]], held from 30 November to 3 December 2004.
Bendigo International Raceway, which existed on the showgrounds, opened as the Golden City International Raceway in 1971 and held racing for classes including saloons and stock cars. The venue also hosted [[motorcycle speedway]] and hosted the [[Victorian Individual Speedway Championship]] in 1995.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.speedwayandroadracehistory.com/bendigo-international-raceway.html |title=Bendigo (Vic)| website=Speedway and Road Race History |access-date=25 February 2024}}</ref>
== Economy ==
Bendigo is a large and growing service economy. The major industries are health, finance (headquarters of the [[Bendigo and Adelaide Bank]] – Australia's fifth largest bank), tourism, commerce, education, food processing and primary industries, with some significant engineering industries (see below under "Manufacturing").
Bendigo's growth has stimulated growth in small surrounding rural towns (such as [[Elmore, Victoria|Elmore]], [[Heathcote, Victoria|Heathcote]], [[Rochester, Victoria|Rochester]], [[Inglewood, Victoria|Inglewood]], [[Dunolly, Victoria|Dunolly]] and [[Bridgewater on Loddon, Victoria|Bridgewater]]).
===Tourism===
[[File:Bendigo talking tram.jpg|thumb|Tourist tram passing the [[Bendigo Post Office]]]]
Tourism is a major component of the Bendigo economy, generating over A$364 million in 2008/09.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://121.50.208.46/bendigo/BTB%20AnnRep%20FINAL.pdf |title=Bendigo Tourism Board Inc : Annual Report : 2008–2009 |publisher=121.50.208.46 |access-date=31 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081001/http://121.50.208.46/bendigo/BTB%20AnnRep%20FINAL.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Bendigo is popular with [[Heritage tourism|heritage tourists]] and [[cultural tourism|cultural tourists]] with the focus of tourism on the city's gold rush history. Prominent attractions include the [[Central Deborah Mine|Central Deborah Gold Mine]], the [[Trams in Bendigo|Bendigo Tramways]] (both of which are managed by the Bendigo Trust, a council-intertwined organisation dedicated to preserving Bendigo's heritage), the [[Golden Dragon Museum]], the [[Bendigo Pottery]], and the Great Stupa.
===Commerce===
[[File:Bendigo offices - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|Bendigo Bank (left)]]
The main retail centre of Bendigo is the central business district, with the suburbs of Eaglehawk, Kangaroo Flat, Golden Square, Strathdale, and Epsom also having shopping districts.
The city was home to one of Australia's few provincial [[stock exchanges]], the [[Bendigo Stock Exchange]], founded in the 1860s.
The city is the home of the headquarters of the [[Bendigo Bank]], established in 1858 as a building society. It is now a large retail bank with community bank branches throughout Australia. The bank is headquartered in Bendigo and is a major employer in the city (it also has a regional office at [[Melbourne Docklands]]).
===Manufacturing===
The City of Greater Bendigo Community Profile indicated that about 10.2% of the workforce were employed in manufacturing in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://profile.id.com.au/bendigo/industries |title=Industry sector of employment | City of Greater Bendigo |publisher=Profile.id |date=10 January 2011 |access-date=31 March 2015}}</ref> After the [[Victorian gold rush]], the introduction of deep quartz mining in Bendigo caused the development of a heavy manufacturing industry. Little of that now remains, but a large foundry (Keech Castings) makes mining, train, and other steel parts and a rubber factory remains (Motherson Elastomers, formerly Empire Rubber). [[Thales Australia]] (formerly ADI Limited) is an important heavy engineering company. Australia Defence Apparel is another key defence industry participant making military and police uniforms and bulletproof vests. [[Intervet]] (formerly Ausvac) is an important biotechnology company, producing vaccines for animals.
===Education===
[[File:Bendigo Mine Industries-01+ (573050550).jpg|thumb|Bendigo School of Mines]]
The [[Bendigo Senior Secondary College]] is the largest VCE provider in the state. [[Catherine McAuley College]] follows close after, which ranges from years 7–9 at the Coolock campus and 10–12 at the St Mary's campus. [[Girton Grammar School]], an independent school, provides education to students from years Prep-12. The Bendigo campus of [[La Trobe University]] is also a large and growing educational institution with nearly 5,000 undergraduates and postgraduates.
===Farming and agriculture===
The surrounding area, or "gold country", is quite harsh, rocky land with scrubby regrowth vegetation. The [[box-ironbark forest]] is used for timber (mainly sleepers and firewood) and beekeeping.
Sheep and cattle are grazed in the cleared areas. There are some large poultry and pig farms. Some relatively fertile areas are present along the rivers and creeks, where wheat and other crops such as [[canola]] are grown. The area produces premium wines, including [[Shiraz grape|Shiraz]], from a growing [[viticulture]] industry. [[Salinity]] is a problem in many valleys,<ref>Edwards, M. D., & Webb, J. A. (2003, November). Ground-Truthing of a Tempest Airborne Electromagnetic Survey in the Salinised Kamarooka Catchment, Near Bendigo in Central Victoria. In Proceedings CRC LEME Regional Regolith Symposium, Adelaide (pp. 110-114)</ref><ref>Lane, R., Heislers, D., & McDonald, P. (2001). Filling in the gaps? validation and integration of airborne EM data with surface and subsurface observations for catchment management? an example from Bendigo, Victoria, Australia. Exploration Geophysics, 32(4), 225-235.</ref> but is under control.<ref>Reid, M. (1995, September). Burkes Flat—a salinity treatment success story. In Murray-Darling Basin Groundwater Workshop’. Wagga Wagga, NSW (unpublished)</ref> A relatively small [[eucalyptus]] oil industry operates there.<ref>McCartney, W. T. (2003). An introductory overview of the essential oil industry in Australia. In Proceedings of International Federation of Essential Oils and Aroma Trades international conference’.(Ed. C Green)[CD-ROM](IFEAT: London).</ref><ref>Goodger, J. Q., Heskes, A. M., King, D. J., Gleadow, R. M., & Woodrow, I. E. (2008). Micropropagation of Eucalyptus polybractea selected for key essential oil traits. Functional Plant Biology, 35(3), 247-251.</ref>
Bendigo provides services (including a large livestock exchange) to a large agricultural and grazing area on the Murray plains to its north.
===Gold mining===
One of the major revolutions in gold mining (during the Victorian gold rush) came when fields such as Bendigo, but also [[Ballarat, Victoria|Ballarat]], [[Ararat, Victoria|Ararat]] and the goldfields close to Mount Alexander, turned out to have large gold deposits below the superficial alluvial deposits that had been (partially) mined out. Gold at Bendigo was found in quartz reef systems, hosted within highly deformed mudstones and sandstones or were washed away into channels of ancient rivers. Tunnels as deep as {{convert|900|m|ft|abbr=off}} ([[Stawell, Victoria|Stawell]]) were possible.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VT2FzwEACAAJ |title = Gold, Gems and Pearls in Ceylon and Southern India | first=AMJ | last=Ferguson |date = 27 October 2022 | publisher=London, [[John Haddon & Co]]. | page = 283 |isbn = 978-1-01-679788-7 }} URL: [http://www.farlang.com/gemstones/ferguson-gold-gems-pearls/page_292 Gold, Gems, Pearls Ceylon, Australian Gold Fields Discussion]</ref>
Until overtaken in the 1890s by the Western Australia goldfields, Bendigo was the most productive Australian gold area, with a total production over 622 tonnes (20 million ounces).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Craig |date=2023-04-28 |title=Things to Do In Bendigo In 2023 {{!}} Your Ultimate Guide |url=https://finderhub.com.au/things-to-do-in-bendigo/ |access-date=2023-04-30 |website=Finder Hub |language=en-US}}</ref>
Over the 100-odd year period from 1851 to 1954, the 3,600-hectare area that made up the Bendigo gold field yielded 777 tonnes (25 million ounces) of gold.<ref name="post">{{cite web|url=http://home.comcast.net/~DLEStamps/Victoria_EarlyPostalCancelsIllustrated_SectionII_1851to1853.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102071906/http://home.comcast.net/~DLEStamps/Victoria_EarlyPostalCancelsIllustrated_SectionII_1851to1853.pdf |archive-date=2013-11-02|title=State of Victoria Early Postal Cancels (and History) Illustrated, Section II: 1851 to 1853|publisher=Home.comcast.net|access-date=31 March 2015}}</ref>
A large amount of gold remains in the Bendigo goldfields, estimated to be at least as much again as what has been removed. The decline in mining was partly due to the depth of mines and the presence of water in the deep mines.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}
== Infrastructure ==
=== Transport ===
[[File:Bendigo Tourist Tram.jpg|thumb|Tram on [[Pall Mall (Bendigo)|Pall Mall]]]]
[[File:A Vline train at Bendigo station .jpg|thumb|A Vline train at [[Bendigo railway station]]]]
Bendigo is connected via the [[Calder Freeway]] to Melbourne, which is fewer than two hours by car.<ref>Google Maps calculates the distance from Bendigo to Melbourne to be {{convert|153|km|0|abbr=on}} and the time of travel is estimated to be 1 hour 47 minutes.</ref> The remaining section of highway nearest Bendigo has been upgraded to dual carriageway standard ensuring that motorists can travel up to speeds of {{convert|110|km/h|0|abbr=on}} for most of the journey. Many other regional centres are also connected to Melbourne via Bendigo, making it a gateway city in the transport of produce and materials from northern Victoria and the Murray to the Port of Melbourne and beyond.
Bendigo acts as a major rail hub for northern Victoria, being at the junction of several lines including the [[Bendigo railway line|Bendigo line]] which runs south to [[Southern Cross railway station|Melbourne]] and lines running north including the [[Yungera railway line|Swan Hill]], [[Deniliquin railway line|Echuca]] and [[Eaglehawk–Inglewood railway line|Eaglehawk–Inglewood]] lines. [[V/Line]] operates regular [[V/Line VLocity|VLocity]] passenger rail services to Melbourne with the shortest peak journeys taking approximately 91 minutes from [[Bendigo railway station]], generally however services take two hours or longer. While there are several rail stations in the urban area, only three other stations currently operated for passengers: [[Kangaroo Flat railway station]] on the Bendigo Line, [[Epsom railway station, Victoria|Epsom Railway Station]] on the Echuca railway line, and [[Eaglehawk railway station]] on the Swan Hill railway line. There are also additional train services to and from [[Swan Hill railway station|Swan Hill]] and [[Echuca railway station|Echuca]]. The [[Regional Rail Revival|Regional rail revival]] project will upgrade the Swan Hill and Echuca lines and build three new stations. On the Echuca line, Huntly station (for the outer suburb of Huntly), Goornong Station (A town in greater Bendigo) and on the Swan Hill line Raywood station (A town in greater Bendigo) All set to open between 2021 and 2022. Residents celebrated the opening of the new Goornong Railway Station at a community event on the weekend of 11–12 December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trains arrive to put Goornong back on track for good times|url=http://www.railpage.com.au/news/s/trains-arrive-to-put-goornong-back-on-track-for-good-times|access-date=2021-12-15|website=Railpage}}</ref>
Victoria's electronic ticketing system, [[Myki]], was implemented on rail services between Eaglehawk and Melbourne on 17 July 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Myki to start on VLine Commuter Services|url=http://www.vline.com.au/about/news/mediareleases/96766932/Article.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827131931/http://www.vline.com.au/about/news/mediareleases/96766932/Article.aspx |archive-date=2013-08-27|publisher=VLine Pty Ltd.|access-date=7 August 2013}}</ref>
Bendigo is also served by an extensive bus network that radiates mostly from the CBD with the main terminus at the railway station towards the suburbs. The city is also served by several taxi services.
[[Trams in Bendigo]] have historically operated an extensive network as a form of public transport, but the remains of the network were reduced to a tourist service in 1972.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.bendigotrust.com.au/bendigotramways.html
|title=The Bendigo Trust
|publisher=bendigotrust.com.au
|access-date=7 June 2008
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617055859/http://www.bendigotrust.com.au/bendigotramways.html
|archive-date=17 June 2008
|url-status=dead }}</ref> Short trials of commuter tram services were held in 2008 and 2009 with little ridership. The second, "Take a Tram", proved more successful, running twice as long as the previous trial. By the end of the "Take a Tram" program, ridership had increased and was increasing. However, due to lack of government subsidy or backing, the program ended.<ref name=results>{{cite web |url=http://www.bendigotramways.com/20_friends/2009_tramtalk_autumn.pdf |title=Tram trial gets mixed results |work=Tram Talk |date=2009 |publisher=Friends of the Bendigo Tramways |access-date=7 July 2010 }}</ref>
Bendigo is served by the [[Bendigo Airport (Australia)|Bendigo Airport]], which is located to the north of the city on the [[Midland Highway (Victoria)|Midland Highway]]. The Bendigo Airport Strategic Plan was approved in 2010 for proposed infrastructure upgrades including runway extension and buildings to facilitate larger planes and the possibility of regular passenger services from major cities in other states. In 2016, Bendigo Airport was upgraded with a new taxiway system, new lighting, and a new 1.6-km north–south runway. On 10 December 2018, [[Qantas]] announced that they would fly between Sydney and Bendigo six times a week, the first of which commenced on 31 March 2019.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091011190714/http://www.bendigo.vic.gov.au/Files/Bendigo_Airport_Strategic_Plan_adopted_3_June_2009.pdf Bendigo Airport Strategic Plan] City of Greater Bendigo, June 2009.</ref>
=== Health ===
The [[Bendigo Base Hospital]], now known as Bendigo Health, is the city's largest hospital, only public hospital and a major regional hospital. St John of God is the largest private hospital. Bendigo is also served by a privately owned smaller surgical facility, the Bendigo Day Surgery.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}
=== Utilities ===
Bendigo is entitled to a portion of the water in [[Lake Eppalock]], an irrigation reservoir on the [[Campaspe River]]. Developments have led to the building of a pipeline from [[Waranga Basin|Waranga]] to Lake Eppalock and thence to Bendigo in 2007. In 1858 Bendigo water works hired [[Joseph Brady (engineer)|Joseph Brady]] as an engineer and he designed nine reservoirs and a channel system called the [[Coliban Water|Coliban main channel]] which provides water from the [[Malmsbury]] reservoir to customers in central Victoria.
==Sister cities==
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Penzance]], Cornwall, United Kingdom<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Sister Cities|url=http://www.bendigo.vic.gov.au/Page/Page.asp?Page_Id=232&h=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110219110827/http://www.bendigo.vic.gov.au/Page/Page.asp?Page_Id=232&h=1 |archive-date=2011-02-19|work=City of Greater Bendigo|access-date=1 November 2010}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|US}} [[Los Altos, California|Los Altos]], California, United States<ref name=":0" />
* {{flagicon|PRC}} [[Tianshui]], Gansu, China<ref name=":0" />
==Notable residents==
'''Arts and entertainment'''
* [[Harold Desbrowe-Annear|Harold Desbrowe Annear]], architect
* [[Bunney Brooke]], TV actress
* [[Amy Castles]], singer<ref name="Advocate">{{cite news |date=29 February 1908 |title=Another Australian Singer |page=16 |newspaper=[[Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate]] |issue=10,393 |___location=New South Wales, Australia |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article138399210 |access-date=6 April 2022 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
* [[Ola Cohn]], sculptor
* [[Kate DeAraugo]], 2005 ''Australian Idol'' winner
* [[Colleen Hewett]], singer and actress
* [[Russell Jack]], founder of the [[Golden Dragon Museum]]
* [[Sam Jinks]], sculptor
* [[Roger Kemp]], artist
* [[Victor Kennedy]], writer and journalist
* [[Keith Lamb (musician)|Keith Lamb]], lead singer of [[Hush (band)|Hush]]
* [[Sarah McKenzie]], jazz singer, pianist and composer
* [[Ernest Moffitt]], artist
* [[William Moore (critic)|William Moore]], art and drama critic
* [[William David Murdoch]], concert pianist
* [[John Bernard O'Hara]], poet and schoolmaster
* [[Alfred Henry O'Keeffe]], artist
* [[Pollyfilla]], drag performer and costume designer
* [[Ian Rilen]], bass guitarist with [[Rose Tattoo]]
* [[Virginia Trioli]], journalist and television host
* [[Christian Waller]], artist
* [[Lincoln Younes]], actor
'''Business'''
* [[Herbert Brookes|Herbert Robinson Brookes]], businessman, pastoralist, public official and philanthropist
* [[Fletcher Jones (Australian entrepreneur)|Fletcher Jones]], Australian entrepreneur
* [[Frank McEncroe]], inventor of the [[Chiko Roll]]
* [[Sidney Myer]], philanthropist and founder of the Myer chain of department stores
* [[Thomas Flanagan (prospector)|Thomas Flanagan]], co-founder of [[Kalgoorlie]], [[Western Australia]], in June 1893
'''Military'''
* Sir [[Gilbert Dyett]], long-serving president of the [[Returned and Services League of Australia]]
* [[Carl Jess]], [[Australian Army]] [[Lieutenant General]]
* [[John Campbell Ross]], last Australian World War I veteran
'''Politics'''
* [[Jacinta Allan]], [[Victorian Labor Party|Labor]] [[Premier of Victoria]], 2023<span data-noir-inline-color="" data-noir-inline-caret-color="">–</span>
* [[John Bannon]], [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] [[Premier of South Australia]], 1982–1992
* [[Noel Beaton]], [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] Federal Member for Bendigo 1960–69, Shadow Minister for Primary Industries 1967–69
* [[Frank Brennan (Australian politician)|Frank Brennan]], [[Australian Federal Government|Federal]] [[Attorney-General of Australia]], 1929–31
* [[Tom Brennan (politician)|Tom Brennan]], older brother of Frank and federal [[United Australia Party|UAP]] [[Australian Senate|senator]], 1931–37
* [[John Brumby]], [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] [[Premier of Victoria]], 2007–2010
* [[Daryl McClure]] (1947–2015) was [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]] member for Bendigo in the [[Victorian Legislative Assembly]], 1972–1982
* [[Rod Fyffe]] (1949–2024), former mayor of Bendigo
* [[John Gunn (Australian politician)|John Gunn]], [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] [[Premier of South Australia]], 1924–26
* [[Edward Heitmann]], [[Australian Federal Government|Federal]] [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] politician, 1917–1919
* [[John Lutey]], [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]] member of the [[Western Australian Legislative Assembly|West Australian]] parliament, 1917–1932
* Sir [[John Quick (politician)|John Quick]], [[Protectionist Party]] MP for Bendigo, 1901–1913. Knighted on 1 January 1901 for his contribution to Federation
* [[John Stanistreet]] (1913–1971) was [[Liberal Country Party]] [[Victorian Legislative Assembly]] Member for Bendigo 1955–1958
* [[Max Turner (politician)|Max Turner]] (born 12 February 1947) is a former Member for Bendigo West (1992–1996)
* [[Bruce Reid (politician)|Bruce Reid]] (30 July 1935 – 24 May 2020) was an Australian politician
* [[Peter Ryan (politician)|Peter Ryan]], former leader of the [[Politics of Victoria (Australia)|Victorian]] [[National Party of Australia|National Party]]
'''Religion'''
* [[Sydney James Kirkby]], [[Anglican Church of Australia|Anglican]] bishop
* [[Thomas Cahill (bishop)|Thomas Cahill]], [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] bishop
'''Science'''
* [[Martha Durward Farquharson]], hospital matron
* [[John Irvine Hunter]], professor of [[anatomy]]
* [[Frank Milne]], professor of economics
* [[Struan Sutherland]], antivenom researcher
* [[Geoffrey Watson]], professor of statistics
* [[Kirby White (physician)|Kirby White]], general practitioner
'''Sport'''
* [[Australian Football League]] players: [[Jim Mooring]], [[Nathan Brown (Australian footballer, born 1978)|Nathan Brown]], [[Wayne Campbell]], [[Nick Dal Santo]], [[Jake Stringer]], [[Eric Fleming (footballer)|Eric Fleming]], [[Trevor Keogh]], [[Barry Mulcair]], [[Troy Selwood]], [[Adam Selwood]], [[Joel Selwood]], [[Scott Selwood]], [[Geoff Southby]], [[Colin Sylvia]], [[Brian Walsh (footballer born 1951)|Brian Walsh]], [[Greg Williams (Australian footballer)|Greg Williams]]
* [[Ben Hunt (basketball)|Ben Hunt]], NCAA and NBL basketball player
* [[Billy Murdoch (cricketer)|Billy Murdoch]], Australian [[Test cricket]] captain
* [[Chris Hamilton (cyclist)|Chris Hamilton]], professional cyclist
* [[Christine Envall]], [[professional bodybuilder]]
* [[Craig White]], English cricket player
* [[Don Blackie]], [[Test cricket]]er
* [[Dyson Daniels]], [[NBA]] basketball player
* [[Faith Leech]], Olympic swimming champion
* [[Glen Saville]], Australian and NBL basketball player
* [[Hannah Every-Hall]], [[rower]]
* [[Kristi Harrower]], Olympic basketball player
* [[Lisle Nagel]], Australian [[Test cricket]]er
* [[Rhein Gibson]], PGA Tour golfer and Guinness World Record holder for lowest golf round ever (55)
* [[Ricky Nixon]], sports agent and former AFL footballer
* [[Sam Irwin-Hill]], [[National Football League|NFL]] [[Punter (football)|punter]]
* [[Sharelle McMahon]], Australian Netball Team captain, Melbourne Vixens captain
* [[Stephen Huss (tennis)|Stephen Huss]], 2005 [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] men's doubles champion
==See also==
{{Portal|Victoria}}
{{cmn|
* [[List of mayors of Bendigo]]
* [[Bendigo Easter Festival]]
* [[Bendigo South East College]]
* [[Crusoe Secondary College]]
* [[Great Stupa of Universal Compassion]]
* [[Flora Hill Secondary College]]
* [[Golden Square Secondary College]]
* [[HM Prison Bendigo]]
* [[Sun Loong]]
* [[Victory Christian College]]
* [[Violet Street tram stop]]
* [[2003 Bendigo tornado]]
* [[Ulumbarra Theatre]]
}}
== References ==
==
{{Reflist}}
=== Sources ===
* {{cite book |url = http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mackey-sir-john-emanuel-7395 |chapter = Mackey, Sir John Emanuel (1863–1924) |title = Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 10, (MUP), 1986 |access-date = 30 March 2015 |publisher = Australian Dictionary of Biography |last = Sarle |first = Geoffrey}}
==External links==
{{wikivoyage}}
{{Commons category|Bendigo, Victoria}}
* [http://www.economicprofile.com.au/bendigo Bendigo Economic Profile]
* [http://www.bendigotourism.com.au/ Bendigo Visitor Information and Interpretive Centre]
* [http://www.heritage.vic.gov.au/ Victorian Heritage Register (1999), Heritage Victoria]
* [http://www.visitbendigo.com.au/ Bendigo Visitor Guide]
{{City of Greater Bendigo}}
{{Cities of Australia}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Cities in Victoria (state)]]
[[Category:Cornish-Australian culture]]
[[Category:1851 establishments in Australia]]
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[[Category:Chinese diaspora in Oceania]]
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