Web Map Service: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Technical standard for Geographical Information System}}

{{infobox file format

| name = WMS

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| released = 1999<ref name="release" />

| container for = [[XML]], [[JPEG]], [[Portable Network Graphics|PNG]], others

| freeopen = Yes, with Copyright<ref>{{cite web|title=OGC Document Notice|url=http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc/document|accessdateaccess-date=2 February 2011}}</ref>

| url = {{official URL}}

}}

A '''Web Map Service''' ('''WMS''') is a standard protocol developed by the [[Open Geospatial Consortium]] in 1999 for serving [[georeference]]d map images over the Internet.<ref name="release">{{cite book |last=Scharl |first=Arno |author2=[[Klaus Tochtermann]] |author2-link=Klaus Tochtermann |title=The Geospatial Web: How Geobrowsers, Social Software and the Web 2.0 are Shaping the Network Society |publisher=Springer |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84628-826-65 |pages=225}}</ref> These images are typically produced by a [[mapping server|map server]] from data provided by a [[Geographic Information System|GIS]] database.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/wms |title=Web Map Service |publisher=Open Geospatial Consortium |accessdateaccess-date=2009-03-23}}</ref>

==History==

The [[Open Geospatial Consortium]] (OGC) became involved in developing standards for web mapping after a paper was published in 1997 by Allan Doyle, outlining a "WWW Mapping Framework".<ref>{{cite papernews |author=Doyle, Allan |year=1997 |title=WWW Mapping Framework |publisher=Open GIS Consortium }}</ref> The OGC established a task force to come up with a strategy,<ref>{{cite papernews |author=Cuthbert, A. |title=User Interaction with Geospatial Data |year=1998 |publisher=Open GIS Consortium}}</ref> and organized the "Web Mapping Testbed" initiative, inviting pilot web mapping projects that built upon ideas by Doyle and the OGC task force. Results of the pilot projects were demonstrated in September 1999, and a second phase of pilot projects ended in April 2000.<ref>{{cite book |author=Peng, Zhong-Ren |author2=Ming-Hsiang Tsou |title=Internet GIS |publisher=John Wiley and Sons |year=2003 |pages=191}}</ref>

The Open Geospatial Consortium released WMS version 1.0.0 in April 2000,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=7196 |title=OpenGIS Web Map Server Interface Implementation Specification (Revision 1.0.0) |date=2000-04-19 |publisher=Open Geospatial Consortium |accessdateaccess-date=2009-04-10}}</ref> followed by version 1.1.0 in June 2001,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=1058 |title=Web Map Service Implementation Specification Version 1.1.0 |date=2001-06-21 |publisher=Open Geospatial Consortium |accessdateaccess-date=2009-04-10}}</ref> and version 1.1.1 in January 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=1081&version=1&format=pdf |title=Web Map Service Implementation Specification – Version 1.1.1 |date=2002-01-16 |publisher=Open Geospatial Consortium |accessdateaccess-date=2009-04-10}}</ref> The OGC released WMS version 1.3.0 in January 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=14416 |title= Web Map Service Implementation Specification – Version 1.3.0 |date=2004-01-20 |publisher=Open Geospatial Consortium |accessdateaccess-date=2010-10-26}}</ref>

==Requests==

WMS specifies a number of different request types, two of which are required by any WMS server:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mapserver.org/ogc/wms_server.html |title=WMS Server |publisher=Mapserver |accessdateaccess-date=2009-04-10}}</ref>

* GetCapabilities – returns parameters about the WMS (such as map image format and WMS version compatibility) and the available layers (map bounding box, coordinate reference systems, [[Uniform resource identifier|URI]] of the data and whether the layer is mostly opaque or not)

* GetMap – returns a map image. Parameters include: width and height of the map, coordinate reference system, rendering style, image format

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Request types that WMS providers may optionally support include:

* GetFeatureInfo – if a layer is marked as 'queryable' then you can request data about a coordinate of the map image.

* DescribeLayer – returns the feature types of the specified layer or layers, which can be further described using [[Web Feature Service|WFS]] or [[Web Coverage Service|WCS]] requests. This request is dependent on the Styled Layer Descriptor (SLD) Profile of WMS.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sld |title=Styled Layer Descriptor (SLD) Profile of the OpenGIS Web Map Service |publisher=OGC |accessdateaccess-date=2015-07-01}}</ref>

* GetLegendGraphic – returnreturns an image of the map's legend image, giving a visual guide to map elements.

All communication is served through [[HTTP]].

==Map image==

A WMS server usually serves the map in a [[bitmap]] format, e.g. PNG, GIF or, JPEG and, etc... In addition, [[vector graphics]] can be included, such as points, lines, curves and text, expressed in [[Scalable Vector Graphics|SVG]] or [[WebCGM]] format.

==Software==

<!-- NOTE: This is not the place to list any WMS software. Only the most notable and very widely used should be mentioned. //-->

[[Open-source software|Open source]] [[software]] that provide web map services capability include:

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*[[ArcGIS Server]]

*[[ArcIMS]]

* Cubeserv from Terrapixel

*GeoWebPublisher from [[Bentley Systems]]

*GeognoSIS from [[Cadcorp]]

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*[[Autodesk]]'s Infrastructure Map Server

*[[Manifold System]]

*[[MapTiler|MapTiler Server]]

*[[Luciad]]'s LuciadLightspeed and LuciadFusion products<ref name="Luciad solutions">[http://www.luciad.com/solutions – Luciad solutions]</ref>

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* [[Open Source Geospatial Foundation]] (OSGeo)

* [[Web Coverage Service]] (WCS)

* [[Web Coverage Processing Service]] (WCPS)

* [[Web Feature Service]] (WFS)

* [[Tile Map Service]], a specification by [[Open Source Geospatial Foundation]] (OSGeo) for tiled map layers

==References==

{{reflistReflist}}

==External links==

{{commons category}}

* {{official website}}

* [http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=14416 OpenGIS Web Map Service (WMS) Implementation Specification, Version 1.3.0, 2006-Mar-15, 06-042]

* [https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/geomatics/canadas-spatial-data-infrastructure/standards-policies/8938 A concise overview of the WMS paradigm and keywords by Natural Resources Canada]

{{OGC}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:GIS software]]

[[Category:Web Map Services| ]]

[[Category:OpenGIS Geospatial Consortiumsoftware]]

[[Category:ISO/TC 211]]

[[Category:Open Geospatial Consortium]]