Blockchain-based database: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Form of distributed database}}

{{Merge to|Blockchain|discuss=Talk:Blockchain#Proposed merge of Blockchain-based database into Blockchain|date=April 2020}}

{{cleanup rewrite|date=November 2024}}

The '''Blockchainblockchain-based database''' is a combination of [[database|traditional database]] and [[distributed database]] where [[data]] is transacted and recorded via ''Database Interface''<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |lastlast1=Gaetani |firstfirst1=Edoardo |last2=Aniello|first2=Leonardo|last3=Baldoni|first3=Roberto|last4=Lombardi|first4=Federico|last5=Margheri|first5=Andrea|last6=Sassone|first6=Vladimiro |journal = Sun SITE Central Europe Operated Under the Umbrella of RWTH Aachen University |date=2017|others=Edoardo Gaetani, Leonardo Aniello, Roberto Baldoni, Federico Lombardi, Andrea Margheri, Vladimiro Sassone|title=Blockchain-based database to ensure data integrity in cloud computing environments|url=http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1816/paper-15.pdf|journal=|language=en|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref> (also known as ''Compute Interface'')<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |lastlast1=Casino |firstfirst1=Fran |last2=K. Dasaklis |first2=Thomas |last3=Patsakisa |first3=Constantinos |date=March 2019 |title=A systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications: Current status, classification and open issues|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736585318306324 |journal=Telematics and Informatics |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |volume=36 |pages=55–81 |doi=10.1016/j.tele.2018.11.006 |issn=0736-5853|via=Elsevier Science Direct|doi-access=free}}</ref> supported by multiple-layers of [[blockchain|blockchains]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techbeacon.com/security/blockchain-vs-relational-database-which-right-your-application|title=Blockchain or relational database? How to choose the right technology for your application|last=Martin|first=Luther|website=TechBeacon|language=en|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref> The database itself is shared in the form of an [[encrypted]]/immutable ledger which makes the information open for everyone.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blockgeeks.com/guides/what-is-blockchain-technology/|title=What is Blockchain Technology? A Step-by-Step Guide For Beginners|website=Blockgeeks|date=19 September 2016|language=en-CA|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref>

== Concept ==

In actual case, the blockchain essentially has no querying abilities when compared to [[database|traditional database]] and with a doubling of [[Node (networking)|nodes]], network traffic quadruples with no improvement in throughput, latency, or capacity.<ref name=":2">{{Citecite journalbook|lastlast1=Raikwar|firstfirst1=Mayank|last2=Gligoroski|first2=Danilo|last3=Velinov|first3=Goran|date=2020-03-12|title=2020 Seventh International Conference on Software Defined Systems (SDS)|chapter=Trends in Development of Databases and Blockchain|journalpages=arXiv:2003.05687 [cs]177–182|volumedoi=|pages=110.1109/SDS49854.2020.9143893|arxiv=2003.05687|bibcodeisbn=2020arXiv200305687R978-1-7281-7219-4|s2cid=212675742 }}</ref> To overcome these shortcomings, taking a [[database|traditional database]] and adding blockchain features to it sounds more feasible.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anadiotis |first=George |title=How to use blockchain to build a database solution |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/blockchains-in-the-database-world-what-for-and-how/|title=How to use blockchain to build a database solution|lastaccess-date=Anadiotis|first=George2020-03-27 |website=[[ZDNet]] |language=en|access-date=2020-03-27}}</ref> That's how the concept of Blockchainblockchain-based database came into existence, which is consists of multiple member clouds riding on two primary layers,; the first one is ''Database Interface'' and the second one is the ''Blockchain Anchoring''.<ref name=":0" /> The idea behind the blockchain based database concept is to complement the functionality and features of [[Relational database|SQL]] and [[NoSQL]] databases with blockchain properties: data immutability, integrity assurance, decentralized control, [[Byzantine fault|Byzantine fault tolerance]] and transaction traceability.<ref>{{Cite book |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318131748 |year=2017 |language=en |doi=10.1109/BigDataCongress.2017.85|last1=Zheng |first1=Zibin |last2=Xie |first2=Shaoan |last3=Dai |first3=Hongning |last4=Chen |first4=Xiangping |last5=Wang |first5=Huaimin |title=2017 IEEE International Congress on Big Data (BigData Congress) |chapter=An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends |pages=557–564 |isbn=978-1-5386-1996-4 |s2cid=29591273 }}</ref>

== Implementations ==

== List of Blockchain-based databases ==

[[Oracle DBMS]] implements support for a blockchain-based database model.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/nfcoa/blockchain.html|title=Blockchain|language=en-us |website=Oracle Help Center |access-date=2024-11-07}}</ref>

This list consists of the databases which are developed and deployed through a [[Database|traditional database model]] over a [[blockchain]] framework;<ref name=":2" />

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"

|-

!style="width:5%; color:#fff; background:#0101df;"|Sr.No.

!style="width:20%; color:#fff; background:#0101df;"|Blockchain-based Database

!style="width:20%; color:#fff; background:#0101df;"|Base Traditional Database

!style="width:20%; color:#fff; background:#0101df;"|Type of Traditional Database

!style="width:20%; color:#fff; background:#0101df;"|Consensus Mechanism

!style="width:20%%; color:#fff; background:#0101df;"|Decentralization

!style="width:20%; color:#fff; background:#0101df;"|Immutability

|-

|1

|BigchainDB

|[[MongoDB]]([[NoSQL]])

|[[Document-oriented database]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bigchaindb.com/whitepaper/bigchaindb-whitepaper.pdf|title=BigchainDB 2.0 - The Blockchain Database |publisher=BigchainDB GmbH, Berlin, Germany|date=1 May 2018|accessdate=11 May 2020}}</ref>

|[[Raft_(computer_science)|Raft consensus algorithm]]

|✓

|✓

|-

|2

|Cassandra

|[[NoSQL]]

|[[Key-value database]]

|[[Paxos (computer science)|Paxos algorithm]]

|✓

|✗

|-

|3

|ChainifyDB

|[[PostgreSQL]]

|[[Relational database]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337885020_ChainifyDB_How_to_Blockchainify_any_Data_Management_System|title=ChainifyDB: How to Blockchainify any Data Management System|publisher=[[Saarland University|Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University]]|date=11 December 2019|accessdate=11 May 2020}}</ref>

|Whatever-Ledger Consensus

|✓

|✓

|-

|4

|CovenantSQL

|[[SQLite]]

|[[Relational database]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://github.com/CovenantSQL/CovenantSQL|title=CovenantSQL - A decentralized, trusted, high performance, SQL database with blockchain features |publisher=[[GitHub]]|date=6 September 2019|accessdate=11 May 2020}}</ref>

|[[Raft_(computer_science)|Raft consensus algorithm]]

|✓

|✓

|-

|5

|Modex BCDB

|[[Microsoft SQL Server|Microsoft SQL]], [[NoSQL]]

|[[Multi-model database]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://modex.tech/multiple-databases-support/|title= Multiple databases support |publisher=Modex|accessdate=11 May 2020}}</ref>

|[[Proof of authority|Proof of authority-based consensus algorithm]]

|✓

|✓

|-

|6

|Postchain

|[[SQL]]

|[[Relational database]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://postchain-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview.html#consortium-database|title=Consortium database - Postchain engineering documents |publisher=Postchain|date=1 January 2017|accessdate=11 May 2020}}</ref>

|[[Byzantine fault|Byzantine fault tolerance-based consensus algorithm]]

|✓

|✓

|-

|7

|ProvenDB

|[[MongoDB]]([[NoSQL]])

|[[Document-oriented database]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://postchain-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/overview.html#consortium-database|title=ProvenDB Features |publisher=ProvenDB|date=1 January 2020|accessdate=11 May 2020}}</ref>

|[[-]]

|✓

|✓

|-

|}

==Iterations==

* Blockchain relational database – a hybrid database model.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=NathanSenthil|last2=GovindarajanChander|last3=SarafAdarsh|last4=SethiManish|last5=JayachandranPraveen|date=2019-07-01|title=Blockchain meets database|journal=Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment|volume=12|issue=11|pages=1539–1552|language=EN|doi=10.14778/3342263.3342632}}</ref>

* Graphchain Database – a standard [[Graph_database|RDF Graph database]] protected by a [[Blockchain]].<ref>{{Cite document|title=GraphChain {{!}} Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2018|language=EN|doi=10.1145/3184558.3191554}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324633103|title=GraphChain: A Distributed Database with Explicit Semantics and Chained RDF Graphs|website=ResearchGate|language=en|access-date=2020-03-09}}</ref>

==References==

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[[Category:Blockchains]]

[[Category:Database models]]

[[Category:Emerging technologies]]

[[Category:Decentralization]]

[[Category:Database management systems]]