Content deleted Content added
"White Lilies Island'' by Natalie Imbruglia wasn't the first copy-protected CD in 2001. The Phillip Boa And The Voodooclub album "My Private War" was released earlier and was the first copy protected CD ever in Germany (or perhaps even worldwide): https://www.discogs.com/Phillip-Boa-The-Voodooclub-My-Private-War/release/530530 |
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 |
||
| (22 intermediate revisions by 14 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{short description|Form of CD/DVD copy protection}}
{{Overly detailed|details=giving an excessive amount of detail about how this DRM software works without giving due weight on other sections|date=March 2023}}
'''Cactus Data Shield''' ('''CDS''') is a form of [[CD/DVD copy protection]] for audio [[compact disc]]s developed by [[Israel]]i company Midbar Technologies.<ref>{{cite news|title=Macrovision moves to acquire Midbar group|url=http://www.musicweek.com/story.asp?storyCode=551§ioncode=1|newspaper=MusicWeek|date=November 11, 2002}}</ref> It has been used extensively by EMI
As of September 2006, all of [[Macrovision Solutions|Macrovision's]] CD copy protection products, including CDS, had quietly disappeared from their website.<ref>
== History ==
{{Expand section|date=March 2023}}
== Erroneous Disc Navigation ==
Line 13 ⟶ 14:
The second session on the disc causes some CD/DVD players to hang, typically some car players (allegedly using CD-ROM drive mechanisms) and some MP3 capable players that can see but not understand the second data session.
The second session has been circumvented by another method, which is to either place [[masking tape]] around the disc near the edge, or mark a strip next to the edge with permanent marker. Because it is a multi-session disc, this method will hide the second session, leaving only the first audio session visible. This trivial circumvention of Macrovision's copy protection allows protected CDs to be copied using CD-ROMs or played in CD players that struggled to understand CDS multi-session discs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leyden |first=John |title=Marker pens, sticky tape crack music CD protection |url=https://www.theregister.com/2002/05/14/marker_pens_sticky_tape_crack/ |access-date=2022-08-30 |website=www.theregister.com |language=en}}</ref>
On older Windows operating systems, disabling auto-play either once when loading the disc, or permanently, can stop the software player from launching and may be all that is required to access the audio session for drives that recognise both sessions. Newer versions of Windows since Vista have fixed the auto-run vulnerability thus all the user needs to do is simply choose not to run the software.
A side effect of the second session containing the music in compressed form is that the maximum length of music on a CDS disc is reduced, being approximately 70 minutes. The remaining space is
== Data Corruption ==
The second aspect of Cactus Data Shield is careful corruption of the audio data, as described in the Midbar patent "Prevention of disk piracy" US patent number 6,425,098.<ref>{{Cite patent|number=US6425098B1|title=Prevention
In summary the method described detects during mastering when the waveform of the music comes close to being a straight line for at least the size of a "frame" (information on the disc is encoded in blocks or sectors, each sector contains 98 frames of music for a CDDA disc) and marks the frame and replaces it with erroneous data that violates the T.sub.max (according to the IEC 908) in which there is no transition between the high and low data levels (1 to 0 or 0 to 1). This results in a DSV (Digital Sum Value) error on the CD.
Line 40 ⟶ 41:
There are also ethical/legal issues surrounding the selling of discs that won't reliably play in all players, where added errors make the disc more easily affected by accumulated lifetime damage, and where actual audio data has been omitted.
One of the earliest released CDs
== Controversy ==
Macrovision made a number of controversial claims about the software which were subsequently proven false:
{{block indent |1="This Macrovision technology does NOT install spyware or vaporware of any kind on a users [''[[sic]]''] PC. In fact, CDS-200 does not install software applications of any kind on a user's PC. All the copy protection in CDS-200 is hardware based, meaning that it is dependent on the physical properties and the format of the CD. None of the copy protection in CDS-200 requires software applications to be installed onto a computer."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/06/28/wee_timorous_beastie/|title=Beastie Boys claim no virus on crippled CD: We'll be the judge of that|last1=Greene |first1=Thomas C.|date=June 28, 2004|publisher=[[The Register]]|access-date=2009-09-22 |quote=The [[Beastie Boys]] website claims that the copy-control mechanism on the DRM-crippled CD ''[[To the 5 Boroughs]]'' does not install any files on the victim's computer.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Claim of spyware on Beastie Boys CD denied |url=http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99996063 |access-date=30 June 2021 |last1=Biever |first1=Celeste|publisher=[[New Scientist]] |date=2004-06-23 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040705080811/http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99996063|archive-date = 2004-07-05|quote=A posting on the [[bugtraq]] message board on [[SecurityFocus|SecurityFocus.com]] claimed that when a copy-protected version of the album is inserted in a PC, software installs itself 'automatically' and 'silently' and stays there even when the CD is removed. That 'sounds like viral malware behaviour to me', the user wrote. But EMI and Macrovision of Santa Clara, California, which developed the software, refute these claims. 'There is no spyware on the discs,' an EMI spokesperson told New Scientist.}}</ref>|right=7}}
At the same time, widely circulated reports that the Macrovision software behaved in ways indistinguishable from a [[computer virus]] were also found to be false, as was the notion that the software provided any substantial copy-protection.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Attivissimo |first1=Paolo |title=On the Beastie Boys 'virus' CD: Does not attempt world domination |url=https://www.theregister.com/2004/08/16/beastie_boys_not_viral/ |publisher=[[The Register]] |access-date=30 June 2021 |date=2004-08-16 |quote=Widely-circulated claims that the Beastie Boys' new album To the 5 Boroughs exhibits virus-like copy-control behaviour are unfounded, according to tests. EMI's statement regarding these claims, however, is incorrect, since the album does install software if played on a Windows PC. The tests also show that the copy control system on the disc is so weak that Mac and Linux users won't even realize it's there.}}</ref>
Macrovision CDS software existed principally in two versions: "CDS-200" and the subsequent "CDS-300."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Tony |title=Macrovision preps '99% effective' CD lock-in tech |url=https://www.theregister.com/2004/07/26/macrovision_cds300_7/ |access-date=30 June 2021 |publisher=[[The Register]] |date=2004-07-26 |quote=Macrovision is set to roll out an updated version of its CDS-300 system that it claims can beat attempts to bypass Windows' auto-run feature. CDS-300 was launched earlier this year and like older versions blocks access to the CD audio, 'Red Book' portion of a disc when it's played on a PC. Instead, PC users are provided with compressed audio files on a data portion of the disc. While Macrovision initially provided its own playback software, CDS 300 relies on Windows' auto-run feature to fire up Windows Media Player, but this can be bypassed by holding down the Shift key. CDS 300 Version 7 has {{sic|suff|icent}} hardware protection - errors in the data, essentially - to block attempts to rip a protected disc's CD audio session.}}</ref>
== Versions ==
The first versions of the system were CDS-100 and CDS-200. Later, a CDS-300 system that features an active software protection was introduced.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/07/26/macrovision_cds300_7/|title = Macrovision preps '99% effective' CD lock-in tech|website = [[The Register]]}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Copy Control]]
* [[Sony BMG copy protection rootkit scandal]]
== References ==
| |||