Utente:Lele giannoni/Sandbox 2: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 05:39, 27 giu 2018

Versione attuale delle 16:29, 22 nov 2022

Riga 1:

==History==

===Radio Audizioni Italiane===

Alla fine della [[seconda guerra mondiale]] erano rimaste solo 12 stazioni a onde medie e due a onde corte. Le stazioni dell'Italia settentrionale furono poste sotto il controllo del [[Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale]]<ref name=Annuario1988>''Annuario RAI 1988 1989'', Torino, Nuova ERI, 1989</ref>.

Nel dicembre 1945 il sistema radiofonico italiano fu riunificato e nel 1946 i trasmettitori superstiti furono organizzati in due reti<ref name=Annuario1988/>: le stazioni dell'Italia centromeridionale, già gestite dal [[Psychological Warfare Branch|PWB]] e dal governo, vennero costituite nella rete azzurra; mentre le stazioni dell'Italia settentrionale, prima gestite dal CLN, diventarono la rete rossa<ref name=Vivit>[http://www.viv-it.org/schede/rai-radiotelevisione-italiana ''RAI - Radiotelevisione Italiana'' sul sito Vivit]</ref>.

===Origins===

Durante gli anni della Ricostruzione, vennero rifatti anche gli impianti radiofonici, così nel 1948 fu completata la nuova rete nazionale di 28 trasmettitori. Le due reti si espansero fino a coprire tutto il territorio nazionale e nel 1951 ripresero i nomi tradizionali<ref name=Annuario1988/> di Programma Nazionale (generalista) e Secondo programma (intrattenimento leggero), cui si aggiunse il Terzo programma (culturale)<ref name=Vivit/>.

The Westdeutsche Funkstunde AG (WEFAG) was established on 15 September 1924.

There was a substantial purge of left wing staff following the [[Nazi seizure of power]] in 1933. This included [[Ernst Hardt]], [[Hans Stein]] and [[Walter Stern (art critic)|Walter Stern]].

Nel 1949 entrò in funzione il nuovo [[trasmettitore di Prato Smeraldo|impianto di Prato Smeraldo]]<ref name=Annuario1988/> per le trasmissioni all'estero in italiano (per l'Europa, per le Americhe, per l'Australia e Nuova Zelanda, per l'Africa Orientale e il Vicino Oriente), in inglese (per l'Europa, per l'Australia e Nuova Zelanda, per il Medio-Estremo Oriente, per il Sudafrica, per il Nordamerica), in francese

[[Image:WDR Archivhaus Köln.jpg|thumb|upright|One of WDR's buildings in Cologne]]

Nascita dei programmi in tedesco e sloveno

WDR was created in 1955, when [[Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk]] (NWDR) was split into [[Norddeutscher Rundfunk]] (NDR) &ndash; covering [[Lower Saxony]], Schleswig-Holstein, and Hamburg &ndash; and Westdeutscher Rundfunk, responsible for North Rhine-Westphalia. WDR began broadcasting on two radio networks (one produced jointly with NDR) on 1 January 1956. WDR constitutes the most prominent example of regional broadcasting in Germany.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/10276/1/The_Structural_Developments_of_Regional_Television_in_Britain_and_German___.pdf |title=Potschka, Christian and Golding, Peter (2012) The structural developments of regional broadcasting in Britain and Germany. Media History 18(3-4): 443-458 |access-date=2014-12-02}}</ref>

==Funding==

In questo periodo la Rai aveva vari complessi artistici stabili. Per la musica classica le tre orchestre e cori delle sedi regionali di Torino, Milano e Roma (cui nel 1957 si aggiungerà l' Orchestra da Camera "Alessandro Scarlatti" di Napoli).

WDR is in part funded by the limited sale of on-air commercial advertising time; however, its principal source of income is the revenue derived from viewer and listener [[television licence|licence fee]]s. As of 2015 the monthly fee due from each household for radio and television reception was €17.50.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rundfunkbeitrag.de/informationen/aktuelles/informationen_zur_beitragssenkung/index_ger.html |title=Der Rundfunkbeitrag - Informationen zur Beitragssenkung |access-date=2016-03-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304183427/http://www.rundfunkbeitrag.de/informationen/aktuelles/informationen_zur_beitragssenkung/index_ger.html |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> These fees are collected not directly by WDR but by a [[Beitragsservice von ARD, ZDF und Deutschlandradio|joint agency]] of [[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]] (and its member institutions), [[ZDF]], and [[Deutschlandradio]].

Per il teatro le compagnie di prosa di Firenze e Torino, nonché la "Compagnia del Teatro Comico Musicale di Roma" e la "Compagnia di rivista di Milano".

==Television==

Nel 1949 fu fondata la [[Rai Eri|ERI]]<ref name=Annuario1988/>, che si aggiungeva alle conosciate storiche [[Sipra]] e [[Fonit-Cetra]].

{{unreferenced section|date=May 2018}}

WDR began its regional television service, Westdeutsches Fernsehen (WDF), on 17 December 1965. On 27 August 1967, when West Germany broadcast its first color TV program, WDF used a live broadcast originating from a Bosch [[outside broadcast]] van to start broadcasting in color. In 1988, the channel was renamed West 3; since 1994, it has been known as [[WDR Fernsehen]].

While the programmes are mainly run from their [[Cologne]] headquarters, they also have a number of sub-regional studios contributing to a regular broadcast called ''Lokalzeit'' with the opt-outs "aus Aachen" ([[Aachen]]), "OWL" ([[Bielefeld]]), "aus Bonn" ([[Bonn]]), "aus Dortmund" ([[Dortmund]]), "aus Düsseldorf" ([[Düsseldorf]]), "aus Duisburg" ([[Duisburg]]), "Ruhr" ([[Essen]]), "aus Köln" ([[Cologne]] and [[Bonn]]), "Münsterland" ([[Münster (Westfalen)|Münster]]), "Südwestfalen" ([[Siegen]]) and "Bergisches Land" ([[Wuppertal]]) for each respective region. WDR has its current affairs and regional politics studios in Düsseldorf.

===Televisione===

Negli anni cinquanta la Rai costruì la serie di grandi trasmettitori televisivi: [[Centro trasmittente di Monte Penice|Monte Penice]], [[Monte di Portofino]], [[Monte Peglia]] e [[Centro trasmittente di Monte Serra|Monte Serra]] nel 1953, [[Monte Venda]] nel 1954, [[Monte Faito]] nel 1955; nel 1956 la rete venne completata con gli impianti di [[Monte Argentario]], [[Monte Conero]], [[Monte Nerone]], [[Centro trasmittente di Monte Vergine|Monte Vergine]], [[Monte Caccia]], [[Centro trasmittente di Monte Sambuco|Monte Sambuco]], [[Monte Scuro]], [[Gambarie]], [[Monte Pellegrino]], [[Monte Soro]], [[Centro trasmittente di Monte Limbara|Monte Limbara]] e [[Centro trasmittente di Punta Badde Urbara|Punta Badde Urbara]]<ref name=Annuario1988/>.

It has served as the production entity for shows on Das Erste, such as ''[[Verbotene Liebe]]'' ('Forbidden Love'), which, over the years, has introduced many young actors to the German audience, such as [[Andreas Stenschke]], [[Jo Weil]], Luca Zamperoni and Kay Böger. The ''[[Sportschau]]'' is produced for ARD in Cologne, and WDR contributes to [[ARD Digital]], ''3sat'' and ''arte''.

via Teulada

==Radio==

Nascita filodiffusione

{{unreferenced section|date=May 2018}}

[[File:Hallo-UE-Wagen-f065-b14-fotodrachen.de (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Hallo Ü-Wagen]] with [[Carmen Thomas]] in 1982]]

A long-running talk show on wheels was [[Hallo Ü-Wagen]], running from 1974 to 2010, begun by [[Carmen Thomas]].

WDR's main radio channels are available on FM and digital (DAB+), as well as via cable and satellite:

* [[1LIVE]] is a popular music channel modelled on [[BBC Radio 1]] and aimed at a young audience. Its schedules include such non-mainstream night-time programmes as "Heimatkult", focusing on pop music from Germany, and "Lauschangriff", a series of audio-books.

abbonamenti

* [[WDR 2]], featuring adult-oriented popular music, focuses strongly on national and regional news, current affairs, and sport.

* WDR 3, the cultural channel, offers mostly classical, jazz and world music as well as [[radio drama]] and spoken-word features dealing with literature and the performing arts.

* WDR 4 (motto: ''Melodien für ein gutes Gefühl'', "Melodies for a good feeling") is a channel aimed chiefly towards an older audience. Its focus is on tuneful music – in particular, [[oldies]] and [[classic hits]]: popular music of the 1960s to the 1980s or later – with more specialized programming (operetta, country, folk) in the evenings. Around 30-40% of WDR 4's musical output is made up of [[German-language]] songs.

* WDR 5 features spoken-word programming with the focus on present-day culture and society. Between 6.05 and 9.45 each Monday to Saturday morning the channel offers news, background briefing, interviews, and correspondents' reports in a sequence entitled ''Morgenecho''. The main lunchtime and early-evening news and current affairs programmes ''Mittagsecho'' (at 13.05–14.00 on Mondays to Fridays and 13.30–14.30 on Sundays) and ''Echo des Tages'' (at 18.30–19.00 daily) are both co-productions with [[Norddeutscher Rundfunk]] (NDR) in [[Hamburg]]. Additionally, WDR 2's 30-minute round-up of the day's most important news reports, ''Berichte von heute'', is [[simulcast]] by WDR 5 on Monday to Friday evenings at 23.30. WDR 5 also carries children's programming from [[KiRaKa]] at 19.05–20.00 each evening as well as on Sundays at 7.05–8.00 and 14.05–15.00.

* Cosmo (earlier WDR 5 Funkhaus Europa – an offshoot of WDR 5 – and now a joint production of [[Radio Bremen]], [[Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg|RBB]], and WDR) is a channel principally aimed at serving immigrants and promoting integration. It features a wide selection of [[world music]]. It is not available over-the-air in every part of WDR's broadcasting area.

==NoteSee also==

* [[German television]]

{{Reflist|33em}}

* [[Public broadcasting]]

* [[Rockpalast]]

* [[Studio for Electronic Music (WDR)]]

* [[WDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne]] (WDR Sinfonieorchester Köln)

* [[WDR Rundfunkorchester Köln]]

* [[WDR Rundfunkchor Köln]]

* [[WDR Computerclub]]

==Notes==

{{reflist}}

==External links==

{{Commons|Westdeutscher Rundfunk}}

* {{Official website|http://www.wdr.de}}

==Collegamenti esterni==

[https://www.soldionline.it/guide/mercati-finanziari/la-storia-delle-borse-valori-nel-mondo storia delle borse valori]

[http://www.storiaindustria.it/universita_ricerca/dwd/LaValPolceveraIndustrialeSviluppoDeclino.pdf val Polcevera]

[https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1987/04/24/una-scatola-piena-di-fiat.html IFIL]

[http://www.linificio.it/storia Linificio] non cita i Borletti

*[http://siusa.archivi.beniculturali.it/cgi-bin/pagina.pl?TipoPag=prodente&Chiave=39941 Sistema Archivistico Nazionale]

<ref name=Landi>[wwwecon.unian.it/servizi/hpp/chiapparino/img/stfin2004/Presentazioni%202006/01%20-%20S.%20Landi,%20La%20crisi%20bancaria%20di%20fine%20800.doc S.Landi, ''La crisi bancaria di fine 800'']</ref>.

*[wwwecon.unian.it sito]

* [https://www.discogs.com/it/artist/1229932-Orchestra-Sinfonica-Di-Milano-Della-RAI sinfonica rai milano]

* [https://rateyourmusic.com/artist/orchestra-lirica-di-milano-della-rai lirica rai milano]

* [https://rateyourmusic.com/artist/orchestra-lirica-di-milano-della-rai eiar di milano]

== Note ==

<references/>

== Bibliografia ==

* Rudolf Stöber, ''Deutsche Pressegeschichte. Von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart'', 2^ ed. ampliata, Costanza, UVK-Verlags-Gesellschaft, 2005, ISBN 3-8252-2716-2.

== Voci collegate ==

* [[Agence France-Presse]]

* [[Charles-Louis Havas]]

* [[Havas|Groupe Havas]]

==Note==

<references/>

*[[Utente:Lele giannoni|<span style="color:#6B8E23">Lele Giannoni</span>]]

==Collegamenti esterni==

*[[Utente:Lele giannoni|<span style="color:OliveDrab">Lele Giannoni</span>]]

[http://www.assocom.org/ sito ufficiale]

== Bibliografia ==

* {{cita libro |nome=José António |cognome=Madeira |titolo=O primeiro centenário do Observatório Astronómico de Lisboa, 1861-1961 |anno=1962 |lingua=Portoghese |luogo=Lisbona}}

* {{cita articolo|titolo=Observatorio Astronomico de Lisboa |editore=Arquitectura |numero=135 |data=1° ottobre 1974 |lingua=Portoghese |luogo=Lisbona}}

* {{cita articolo|autore=DREL |articolo=Observatório Astronómico de Lisboa |titolo=Monumentos |numero=14 |editore=DGEMN |luogo=Lisbona |data=1° marzo 2001 |pagina=143 |lingua=Portoghese}}

*[[Discussione Utente:Lele giannoni|<span style="color:#FFA257">discussione</span>]]

== Voci collegate ==

*[[Discussione Utente:Lele giannoni|<span style="color:Goldenrod">discussione</span>]]

* [[Nacfa eritreo]]

*[[Discussione Utente:Lele giannoni|<span style="color:#B8860B">discussione</span>]]

*[[Utente:Lele giannoni|<span style="color:#4682B4">Lele Giannoni</span>]]

== Collegamenti esterni ==

*[[Utente:Lele giannoni|<span style="color:#4169E1">Lele Giannoni</span>]]

* {{en}}

*[[Utente:Lele giannoni|<span style="color:#0000CD">Lele Giannoni</span>]]

*[[Utente:Lele giannoni|<span style="color:#000099">Lele Giannoni</span>]]

*[[Utente:Lele giannoni|<span style="color:#001100">Lele Giannoni</span>]]