Content deleted Content added
rm "american dingo" from every pic - it's already listed as an alt name, and 'carolina dog' tends to be more commonly accepted |
Artoria2e5 (talk | contribs) |
||
| (838 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Use American English|date=February 2018}}{{Use MDY dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox dog breed
<!-- Put article text AFTER this infobox markup. See: -->
<!-- Wikipedia:WikiProject Dog breeds/Templates for more info.-->
|name = Carolina
|image =
|country = [[United States]]
|weight = {{convert|30|-|55|lb|kg|abbr=on}}
|height = {{convert|17.75|-|19.5|in|cm|abbr=on}}
|color = Preferable: red ginger with pale buff markings over the shoulders, and pale white along the muzzle.
<!-----Kennel club standards----->
| kc_name = [[United Kennel Club]]
| kc_std = https://www.ukcdogs.com/carolina-dog
}} <!-- End Infobox -->
The '''Carolina dog''', also known as a '''yellow dog''',<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/16/science/a-dog-that-goes-way-back.html?mtrref=thecarolinadogclubofamerica.com|title=DNA Backs Lore on Pre-Columbian Dogs|last=Hitt|first=Jack|work=The New York Times|date=July 15, 2013 |access-date=2018-10-22|language=en}}</ref> '''yaller dog''',<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/tracking-americas-first-dogs-65892856/?no-ist|title=Tracking America's First Dogs|last=Weidensaul|first=Scott|work=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]|access-date=2018-10-22|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/carolina-dog/|title=Carolina Dog Dog Breed Information - American Kennel Club|work=American Kennel Club|access-date=2018-10-22|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1057827|title=Old Yeller|work=NPR.org|access-date=2018-10-22|language=en}}</ref> '''American dingo''',<ref name=":0" /> or '''Dixie dingo''',<ref name=":0" /> is a [[dog breed|breed]] of medium-sized [[dog]] occasionally found [[feral dog|feral]] in the [[Southeastern United States]], especially in isolated stretches of [[Longleaf Pine|longleaf pine]]s and [[Taxodium|cypress]] [[swamp]]s. Efforts to establish them as a [[Breed standard|standardized breed]] have gained the Carolina Dog [[breed]] recognition in two smaller [[kennel club|kennel clubs]] and full acceptance into the breed-establishment program of one major kennel club.
Originally a [[landrace]] breed,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fox |first1=Michael W. |title=Natural, indigenous dogs |url=https://animalwellnessmagazine.com/natural-indigenous-dog/ |website=Animal Wellness Magazine |access-date=15 November 2018 |date=19 March 2018}}</ref> the Carolina dog was rediscovered living as a free-roaming population by I. Lehr Brisbin Jr.,<ref name=brisbin1997/> though originally documented in American dog-related publications in the 1920s.<ref name="Allen 1920"/> Carolina dogs show [[Genetic admixture|admixture]] with dog breeds from east Asia.
Despite the name, it is not the state dog of North Carolina ([[Plott Hound]]) or South Carolina ([[Boykin Spaniel]]).
==European encounter==
One of the earliest publications to document the "Indian" dogs of North America was an article by [[Glover Morrill Allen]] in 1920.<ref name="Allen 1920"/> Allen postulated that these "Larger or Common Indian Dogs" were descended from Asian primitive dogs: {{block quote|The probability therefore is, that the Domestic Dog originated in Asia and was carried by ancient peoples both east and west into all parts of the inhabited world. That this migration began in late [[Pleistocene]] times seems highly probable.<ref name="Allen 1920">{{cite journal |last=Allen |first=Glover Morrill |author-link=Glover Morrill Allen |year=1920 |title=Dogs of the American Aborigines|journal=Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College |volume=LXIII |issue=9 |page=137 |url=https://archive.org/stream/cbarchive_107744_dogsofamericanaborigines1863/dogsofamericanaborigines1863#page/n137/mode/2up/search/Cope}}</ref>}} Allen cites late nineteenth-century studies of skeletal remains of dogs that could be found from Alaska to Florida to the [[Greater Antilles]] and westward to the [[Great Plains]], and were excavated from Indian mounds as well:
{{block quote|Cope (1893) was the first to describe the jaw of this dog from a specimen collected by Moore from a shell-mound on the [[St. Johns River, Florida]]. He was struck by the fact that the first lower [[premolar]] was missing and appeared not to have developed. He also noticed strong development of the [[entoconid]] of the [[carnassial]].<br/>
Moore, in the course of various explorations in Florida and Georgia discovered many remains of dogs, apparently of this type. In a large mound on [[Ossabaw Island]], Georgia, he (1897) found several interments of human and dog-skeletons, the latter always buried separately and entire, showing that the dogs had not been used as food. Other dog-skeletons of a similar sort were found by Moore (1899) in aboriginal mounds on the South Carolina coast ... Putnam considered them the same as the larger Madisonville (Ohio) dogs.<ref name="Allen 1920"/>}}
These dogs were publicized by I. Lehr Brisbin Jr., a senior research [[ecology|ecologist]] at the [[University of Georgia]]'s [[Savannah River Ecology Laboratory]], who first came across a Carolina dog while working at the [[Savannah River Site]], which was depopulated and secured of all trespass and traffic for decades beginning in 1950.<ref name=brisbin1997/>
==Establishment and recognition==
[[File:2013072515020909 MyDogs 622.jpg|thumb|Pet Carolina dog at home]]
Since 1996, Carolina dogs can be [[Breed registry|registered]] with the [[United Kennel Club]]<ref>{{cite web |title=United Kennel Club |publisher=Arienne Associates |date=1996 |url=http://www.ukcdogs.com/RegBreedGroups.htm |access-date=October 15, 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060902134226/http://www.ukcdogs.com/RegBreedGroups.htm |archive-date=September 2, 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> (UKC), which has published a detailed, formal Carolina Dog [[breed standard]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ukcdogs.com/carolina-dog |title=Carolina dog breed standard |publisher=United Kennel Club |website=ukcdogs.com}}</ref> UKC focuses on [[hunting dog]]s and other [[working dog]]s, and categorizes the Carolina in their "[[Sighthound & Pariah Group]]"{{efn|In addition to the [[United Kennel Club|UKC]] category ''[[Sighthound & Pariah Group]]'', see also the separate, more general categories ''[[sighthound]]'' and ''[[pariah dog]]''.}}, along with other breeds such as the [[Basenji]] of Africa and the [[Thai Ridgeback]]. A breed standard has also been issued by the [[American Rare Breed Association]] (ARBA).<ref>{{cite web |work=ARBA.com |publisher=American Rare Breed Association |title=Standard of the Carolina Dog |url=http://www.arba.org/CarolinaDogBS.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061013080146/http://www.arba.org/CarolinaDogBS.htm |archive-date=October 13, 2006 |url-status=dead |access-date=February 21, 2018}}</ref> [[American Rare Breed Association|ARBA]] includes the Carolina in their ''Group 5'' along with the [[Canaan dog]] and the [[New Guinea singing dog]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arba.org/Pages/gallery-group-5-breeds.htm |publisher=[[American Rare Breed Association]] |title=Group 5 dogs}}</ref>
In July 2017, the [[American Kennel Club]] (AKC, the largest dog breed registry in the United States) accepted the Carolina Dog breeding program into its [[Foundation Stock Service]] (FSS),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/carolina-dog/ |title=Carolina Dog |publisher=American Kennel Club |series=Dog Breeds}}</ref> the first step toward official AKC breed recognition. AKC has the dog listed under their "[[Hound]]" group.
==Description==
[[
Carolina dogs are medium-sized; their height ranges from {{convert|18|to|24|in|cm}}, and weight from {{convert|35|to|50|lb|kg}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=BREED STANDARD |url=https://carolinadogfanciers.com/breed-standard/ |website=Carolina Dog Fanciers of America |access-date=June 17, 2023}}</ref> The ears are characteristic and are erect, very long, and moderately slender, tapering up to elegantly pointed tips, and they can be individually turned to the direction of any sound, providing extremely sensitive hearing.<ref>{{cite web |title=Carolina Dog |url=http://www.rarebreed.com/breeds/carolina/carolina_ukc_std.html |website=Rare Breed Network |date=1996 |access-date=September 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502122541/http://www.rarebreed.com/breeds/carolina/carolina_ukc_std.html |archive-date=May 2, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The dog ranges in build from muscular yet slender and graceful to somewhat stockier animals. The dogs' legs are also graceful, but strong. The hind midsection is firm and narrow. The overall build in a healthy, properly fed Carolina dog is svelte to somewhat stockier, strong and athletic. Paws are relatively large. The snout and the notably elongated, fox-like ears are [[spitz]]-like. The tail is usually upturned and often has a hooked kink in it. The coat is usually short and smooth, characteristic of a warm-climate dog.
Colors vary, and may include reddish ginger, buff, [[Fawn (colour)|fawn]], black-and-tan, or [[piebald]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cdrcp.org/appearance/ |title=Appearance |publisher=Carolina Dog Rescue and Conservation Project |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130414134810/http://cdrcp.org/appearance/ |archive-date=April 14, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> with or without white areas on toes, chest, tail tip, and muzzle. The eyes are at an [[angle#Types of angles|oblique angle]] and almond-shaped. They vary in color, but are usually dark brown or medium to dark orange. The area along the edges of the eyes is often (but not always) a distinctive black "eyeliner" coloration which becomes more pronounced by contrast in lighter-colored dogs. The lips are often black, even in light-colored dogs. Frequently, puppies have a [[melanistic mask]] that usually fades as the adult coat comes in.<ref>{{cite news |first=Scott |last=Weidensaul |title=Tracking America's First Dogs |url= http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/tracking-americas-first-dogs-65892856/ |work=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]] |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |date=March 1, 1999 |access-date=October 11, 2006}}</ref>
==Behavior==
===Breeding in the wild===
Female Carolina dogs have three [[Estrous cycle|estrus cycles]] in quick succession, which settle into seasonal reproductive cycles when there is an abundance of puppies. This is thought to ensure quick breeding in the wild before diseases, like [[heartworm]], take their toll.<ref name=brisbin1997>{{cite journal |last1=Brisbin |first1=I. |last2=Risch |first2=T. |title=Primitive dogs, their ecology and behavior: Unique opportunities to study the early development of the human-canine bond |journal=[[Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association]]|volume=210 |issue=8 |year=1997 |pages=1122–1126 |doi=10.2460/javma.1997.210.8.1122a |pmid=9108912 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/14109037}}</ref>
==DNA evidence==
{{see also|Native American dogs}}
[[File:Carolina dog 3-13-13.jpg|thumb|Carolina dog "Hunter" that participated in DNA testing<ref name="van Asch, et al. 1">{{cite journal |last1=van Asch |first1=Barbara |last2=Zhang |first2=Ai-bing |last3=Oskarsson |first3=Mattias C. R. |last4=Klütsch |first4=Cornelya F. C. |title=MtDNA Analysis Confirms Early Pre-Colombian Origins of Native American Dogs |date=2012-05-09 |url=http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A525854&dswid=5316 |journal=KTH Vettenskap och Konst}}</ref>]]
Brisbin (1997) conjectured that some of the Carolina dog's ancestors arrived with prehistoric Americans.<ref name=brisbin1997/>
In 2013, a study looked at the [[Mitochondrial DNA|mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)]]{{efn|''[[Mitochondrial DNA]]'' (mtDNA) passes only along the maternal line, and can date back thousands of years. ''See'' Arora, ''et al.'' (2015)<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.6026/97320630011272 |pmid=26229286 |title=Hgs ''Db'': Haplogroups Database to understand migration and molecular risk assessment |journal=Bioinformation |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=272–275 |year=2015 |last1=Arora |first1=Devender |last2=Singh |first2=Ajeet |last3=Sharma |first3=Vikrant |last4=Bhaduria |first4=Harvendra Singh |last5=Patel |first5=Ram Bahadur |pmc=4512000}}</ref>}} sampled from Carolina dogs. The study showed that 58% of the dogs carried universal haplotypes{{efn|name=haplotype|A ''[[haplotype]]'' is a group of [[genes]] found in an organism that is inherited from only one of its parents, hence-for example, matrilinear ''[[mitochondrial DNA]]'' (mtDNA) in all animals, and in mammals, patrilinear [[Y chromosome|''Y-chromosomal DNA'']] (yDNA).<ref>{{cite book |first1=C.B. |last1=Cox |first2=Peter D. |last2=Moore |first3=Richard |last3=Ladle |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] |year=2016 |title=Biogeography: An ecological and evolutionary approach |page=106 |isbn=978-1-118-96858-1 |url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=b6fQCwAAQBAJ |page=106}}}}</ref>}} that could be found around the world (haplotypes<ref name=haplotype group=lower-alpha/> A16, A18, A19, and B1), 5% carried haplotypes associated with Korea and Japan (A39), and 37% carried a unique haplotype (A184) that had not been recorded before, and that is part of the a5 mtDNA sub-[[haplogroup]] that originated in East Asia.<ref name="van Asch, et al. 2">{{cite journal |title=Pre-Columbian origins of Native American dog breeds, with only limited replacement by European dogs, confirmed by mtDNA analysis |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=280 |issue=1766 |pages=20131142, and Table 1 |date=10 July 2013 |last1=van Asch |first1=Barbara |last2=Zhang |first2=Ai-bing |last3=Oskarsson |first3=Mattias C. R. |last4=Klütsch |first4=Cornelya F.C. |last5=Amorim |first5=António |last6=Savolainen |first6=Peter |pmid=23843389 |pmc=3730590 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2013.1142}}</ref> In contrast, the [[dingo|Australian dingo]] and the [[New Guinea singing dog]] both belong to haplotype A29<ref>{{cite journal |title=A detailed picture of the origin of the Australian dingo, obtained from the study of mitochondrial DNA |year=2004 |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] |volume=101 |issue=33 |pages=12387–12390 |last1=Savolainen |first1=P. |last2=Leitner |first2=T. |last3=Wilton |first3=A. N. |last4=Matisoo-Smith |first4=E. |last5=Lundeberg |first5=J. |doi=10.1073/pnas.0401814101 |pmid=15299143 |pmc=514485|bibcode=2004PNAS..10112387S |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1098/rspb.2011.1395 |title=Mitochondrial DNA data indicate an introduction through Mainland Southeast Asia for Australian dingoes and Polynesian domestic dogs |year=2011 |journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences]] |volume=279 |issue=1730 |pages=967–974 |last1=Oskarsson |first1=M.C.R. |last2=Klutsch |first2=C.F.C. |last3=Boonyaprakob |first3=U. |last4=Wilton |first4=A. |last5=Tanabe |first5=Y. |last6=Savolainen |first6=P. |pmid=21900326 |pmc=3259930}}</ref><ref name=haplotype group=lower-alpha/> which is in the a2 sub-haplogroup,<ref>{{cite journal |title=MtDNA data indicate a single origin for dogs south of Yangtze River, less than 16,300 years ago, from numerous wolves |journal=[[Molecular Biology and Evolution]] |volume=26 |issue=12 |pages=2849–64 |year=2009 |last1=Pang |first1=J.-F. |last2=Kluetsch |first2=C. |last3=Zou |first3=X.-J. |last4=Zhang |first4=A.-B. |last5=Luo |first5=L.-Y. |last6=Angleby |first6=H. |last7=Ardalan |first7=A. |last8=Ekstrom |first8=C. |last9=Skollermo |first9=A. |last10=Lundeberg |first10=J. |last11=Matsumura |first11=S. |last12=Leitner |first12=T. |last13=Zhang |first13=Y.-P. |last14=Savolainen |first14=P. |doi=10.1093/molbev/msp195 |pmid=19723671 |pmc=2775109}}</ref><ref name=duleba2015>{{cite journal |title=Complete mitochondrial genome database and standardized classification system for Canis lupus familiaris |year=2015 |journal=[[Forensic Science International: Genetics]] |volume=19 |pages=123–129 |last1=Duleba |first1=Anna |last2=Skonieczna |first2=Katarzyna |last3=Bogdanowicz |first3=Wiesław |last4=Malyarchuk |first4=Boris |last5=Grzybowski |first5=Tomasz |doi=10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.06.014|pmid=26218982 }}</ref> hence there is no recent genetic relationship in the mtDNA. Also in 2013, another study of several dog breeds in the Americas – among them the Carolina dog, the [[Peruvian Hairless Dog]], and the [[Chihuahua (dog)|Chihuahua]] indicated an ancient migration from East Asia.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hitt |first=Jack |title= D.N.A. backs lore on pre-Columbian dogs |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/16/science/a-dog-that-goes-way-back.html |access-date=15 July 2013 |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date=15 July 2013}}</ref><ref name="van Asch, et al. 2"/>
In 2015, a study was conducted using mitochondrial (female lineage marker), [[Y chromosome|Y-chromosome]] (male lineage marker), and [[Autosomal DNA|autosomal]] genetic markers in 4,676 purebred dogs from 161 breeds and 549 village dogs from 38 countries. The study tested for the degree of admixture with European breed dogs. The study found no yDNA haplotypes<ref name=haplotype group=lower-alpha/> indigenous to North American dogs outside of the Arctic. However, the mtDNA of Carolina dogs contained between 10%–35% pre-Columbian ancestry (mtDNA haplotype A184) that clustered with East Asian dogs.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure in village dogs reveals a Central Asian domestication origin |date=2015 |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] |volume=112 |issue=44 |pages=13639–13644 |last1=Shannon |first1=Laura M. |last2=Boyko |first2=Ryan H. |last3=Castelhano |first3=Marta |last4=Corey |first4=Elizabeth |last5=Hayward |first5=Jessica J. |last6=McLean |first6=Corin |last7=White |first7=Michelle E. |last8=Abi Said |first8=Mounir |last9=Anita |first9=Baddley |last10=Bondjengo |first10=Nonokombe |last11=Calero |first11=Jorge |last12=Galov |first12=Ana |last13=Hedimbi |first13=Marius |last14=Imam |first14=Bulu |last15=Khalap |first15=Rajashree |last16=Lally |first16=Douglas |last17=Masta |first17=Andrew |last18=Oliveira |first18=Kyle C. |last19=Pérez |first19=Lucía |last20=Randall |first20=Julia |last21=Tam |first21=Nguyen Minh |last22=Trujillo-Cornejo |first22=Francisco J. |last23=Valeriano |first23=Carlos |last24=Sutter |first24=Nathan B. |last25=Todhunter |first25=Rory J. |last26=Bustamante |first26=Carlos D. |last27=Boyko |first27=Adam R. |display-authors=6 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1516215112 |pmid=26483491 |pmc=4640804|bibcode=2015PNAS..11213639S |doi-access=free }}</ref>
In 2018, a study compared mtDNA sequences and nuclear SNPs of fossil North American dogs with fossil Siberian dogs and modern dogs. The study indicates that dogs entered North America from Siberia 4,500 years after humans first arrived, were isolated for 9,000 years, and were nearly wiped out after European contact when they were mostly replaced by Eurasian dogs; the pre-contact dogs exhibit a unique genetic signature that is now almost entirely gone, with their nearest genetic relatives being the Arctic dog breeds. Three Carolina dogs in the study exhibited up to 33% pre-contact/Arctic lineage, however the study could not rule out this being the result of admixture with modern Arctic dog breeds.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.aao4776 |pmid=29976825 |title=The evolutionary history of dogs in the Americas |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=361 |issue=6397 |pages=81–85 |year=2018 |last1=Ní Leathlobhair |first1=Máire |last2=Perri |first2=Angela R. |last3=Irving-Pease |first3=Evan K. |last4=Witt |first4=Kelsey E. |last5=Linderholm |first5=Anna |last6=Haile |first6=James |last7=Lebrasseur |first7=Ophelie |last8=Ameen |first8=Carly |last9=Blick |first9=Jeffrey |last10=Boyko |first10=Adam R. |last11=Brace |first11=Selina |last12=Cortes |first12=Yahaira Nunes |last13=Crockford |first13=Susan J. |last14=Devault |first14=Alison |last15=Dimopoulos |first15=Evangelos A. |last16=Eldridge |first16=Morley |last17=Enk |first17=Jacob |last18=Gopalakrishnan |first18=Shyam|last19=Gori |first19=Kevin |last20=Grimes |first20=Vaughan |last21=Guiry |first21=Eric |last22=Hansen |first22=Anders J. |last23=Hulme-Beaman |first23=Ardern |last24=Johnson |first24=John |last25=Kitchen |first25=Andrew |last26=Kasparov |first26=Aleksei K. |last27=Kwon |first27=Young-Mi |last28=Nikolskiy |first28=Pavel A. |last29=Lope |first29=Carlos Peraza |last30=Manin |first30=Aurélie |pmc=7116273 |bibcode=2018Sci...361...81N |display-authors=6|doi-access=free }}</ref>
A 2020 study using ''qpAdm'' of nuclear SNPs of both main branches of modern dog breeds and ancient (bronze age and neolithic) dog bones found that the Carolina Dog's SNP content is best decomposed into 36% [[New Guinea Singing Dog]], 62% European, with the rest mainly attributed to the Old World – very little support for Baikal/American contribution.<ref name=Bergström2020>{{cite journal|display-authors=1|doi=10.1126/science.aba9572|title=Origins and genetic legacy of prehistoric dogs|year=2020|last1=Bergström|first1=Anders|last2=Frantz|first2=Laurent|last3=Schmidt|first3=Ryan|last4=Ersmark|first4=Erik|last5=Lebrasseur|first5=Ophelie|last6=Girdland-Flink|first6=Linus|last7=Lin|first7=Audrey T.|last8=Storå|first8=Jan|last9=Sjögren|first9=Karl-Göran|last10=Anthony|first10=David|last11=Antipina|first11=Ekaterina|last12=Amiri|first12=Sarieh|last13=Bar-Oz|first13=Guy|last14=Bazaliiskii|first14=Vladimir I.|last15=Bulatović|first15=Jelena|last16=Brown|first16=Dorcas|last17=Carmagnini|first17=Alberto|last18=Davy|first18=Tom|last19=Fedorov|first19=Sergey|last20=Fiore|first20=Ivana|last21=Fulton|first21=Deirdre|last22=Germonpré|first22=Mietje|last23=Haile|first23=James|last24=Irving-Pease|first24=Evan K.|last25=Jamieson|first25=Alexandra|last26=Janssens|first26=Luc|last27=Kirillova|first27=Irina|last28=Horwitz|first28=Liora Kolska|last29=Kuzmanovic-Cvetković|first29=Julka|last30=Kuzmin|first30=Yaroslav|last31=Losey|first31=Robert J.|last32=Dizdar|first32=Daria Ložnjak|last33=Mashkour|first33=Marjan|last34=Novak|first34=Mario|last35=Onar|first35=Vedat|last36=Orton|first36=David|last37=Pasaric|first37=Maja|last38=Radivojevic|first38=Miljana|last39=Rajkovic|first39=Dragana|last40=Roberts|first40=Benjamin|last41=Ryan|first41=Hannah|last42=Sablin|first42=Mikhail|journal=Science|volume=370|issue=6516|pages=557–564|pmid=33122379|pmc=7116352|s2cid=225956269}}</ref>{{rp|at=Suppl. table S1}}
==See also==
* [[Black mouth cur]]
* [[Canaan Dog]]
* [[Portal:Dogs|Dogs portal]]
* [[Feist (dog)|Feist]]
* [[Free-ranging dog]]
* [[List of dog breeds]]
* [[Lurcher]]
* [[Native American dogs]]
* [[Nureongi]]
* [[Pariah dog]]
* ''[[Prey (2022 film)|Prey]]'', [[Prey (2022 film)#Cast|Saari]], Carolina Dog cast member of the 2022 movie
* [[Rare breed (dog)]]
* [[Rez dog]]
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
==External links==
* [https://www.UKCDogs.com/carolina-dog/ Official United Kennel Club site, Breed information on Carolina dog]
{{commons category}}
{{Primitive dogs}}
{{American dogs}}
[[Category:Dog breeds originating from Indigenous Americans]]
[[Category:Dog breeds originating in the United States]]
[[Category:Dog landraces]]
[[Category:Feral dogs]]
[[Category:Rare dog breeds]]
[[Category:Culture of South Carolina]]
| |||