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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}

'''"Rabbit rabbit rabbit"''' is a [[superstition]] found in Britain and North America wherein a person says or repeats the words "[[rabbit]]", "rabbits" and/or "white rabbits" aloud upon waking on the first day of a month, to ensure good luck for the rest of it.

{{Short description|Superstition pertaining to the first day of a month}}

{{About||the song by Chas and Dave|Rabbit (song)}}

'''"Rabbit rabbit rabbit"''' is a [[superstition]] in some English-speaking countries where a person says "[[rabbit]]", "rabbits", or "white rabbits" upon waking on the first day of a month to ensure good luck for the rest of it.

==Origins and history==

The exact origin of the superstition is unknown, though it was recorded in ''[[Notes and Queries]]'' as being said by children in 1909:<ref>{{cite book |last1=Simpson |first1=Jacqueline |last2=Roud |first2=Stephen|author-link2=Steve Roud |title=A Dictionary of English Folklore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iTcdvd1iRXsC |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2000 |isbn=9780192100191 |via=Google Books}} Citing ''[[Notes and Queries]]'' 10s:11 (1909), 208</ref>

<{{blockquote>"|My two daughters are in the habit of saying '"Rabbits!'" on the first day of each month. The word must be spoken aloud, and be the first word said in the month. It brings luck for that month. Other children, I find, use the same formula."<ref>{{cite book}}

In response to this note, another contributor said that his daughter believed that the outcome would be a present and that the word must be spoken up the chimney to be most effective; another pointed out that the word ''rabbit'' was often used in expletives, and suggested that the superstition may be a survival of the ancient belief in swearing as a means of avoiding evil.<ref>{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |url=https://archive.org/details/s10notesqueries11londuoft |series=10 |volume=11 |year=1909 |publisher=John C. Francis and J. Edward Francis |___location=London |pages=[https://archive.org/details/s10notesqueries11londuoft/page/208 208], 258}} Citing [https://archive.org/details/englishdialectdi05wrig ''The English Dialect Dictionary''] (1905) Vol. 5, p. 2.</ref> People continue to express curiosity about the origins of this superstition<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dendritics.com/scales/one-rabbit.asp |title=Everyone's Rabbitings |website=Dendritics Gemscales Museum |access-date=14 February 2016}}</ref> and draw upon it for inspiration in making calendars<ref>{{cite web |url=http://viewers-like-you.com/rabbit-rabbit |title=Viewers Like You: A Design Concern of Elsner and Shields |date=1 January 2015 |access-date=14 February 2016 |archive-date=9 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009213714/http://viewers-like-you.com/rabbit-rabbit |url-status=dead }}</ref> suggestive of the [[Labors of the Months]], thus linking the ''rabbit rabbit'' superstition to seasonal fertility.

|last1=Simpson|first1=Jacqueline

|last2=Roud|first2=Stephen|author-link2=Steve Roud

|title=A Dictionary of English Folklore

|url=https://www.google.com/books?id=iTcdvd1iRXsC

|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2000

|isbn=9780192100191}} Citing ''[[Notes and Queries]]'' 10s:11 (1909), 208</ref></blockquote>

In response to this note another contributor said that his daughter believed that the outcome would be a present, and that the word must be spoken up the chimney to be most effective; another pointed out that the word ''rabbit'' was often used in expletives, and suggested that the superstition may be a survival of the ancient belief in swearing as a means of avoiding evil.<ref>{{cite book

|title=Notes and Queries

|url=https://archive.org/details/s10notesqueries11londuoft

|series=10|volume=11|year=1909

|publisher=John C. Francis and J. Edward Francis|___location=London

|pages=[https://archive.org/details/s10notesqueries11londuoft/page/208 208], 258}} Citing [https://archive.org/details/englishdialectdi05wrig ''The English Dialect Dictionary''] (1905) Vol. 5, p. 2.</ref> People continue to express curiosity about the origins of this superstition<ref>{{cite web

|url=http://www.dendritics.com/scales/one-rabbit.asp

|title=Everyone's Rabbitings

|website=Dendritics Gemscales Museum

|access-date=2016-02-14}}</ref> and draw upon it for inspiration in making calendars<ref>{{cite web

|url=http://viewers-like-you.com/rabbit-rabbit

|title=Viewers Like You: A Design Concern of Elsner and Shields

|date=2015-01-01

|access-date=2016-02-14}}</ref> suggestive of the [[Labors of the Months]], thus linking the ''rabbit rabbit'' superstition to seasonal fertility.

It appeared in a work of fiction in 1922:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lynd |first=Robert |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015048888161 |title=Solomon in all his glory |date=1922 |publisher=Grant Richards Ltd. |___location=London |pages=49 |hdl=2027/mdp.39015048888161}}</ref>

It appeared in a work of fiction in 1922:

<{{blockquote>|"Why," the man in the brown hat laughed at him, "I thought everybody knew 'Rabbit, rabbit, rabbit.' If you say 'Rabbit, rabbit, rabbit'—three times, just like that—first thing in the morning on the first of the month, even before you say your prayers, you'll get a present before the end of the month."<ref>Robert Lynd, <cite>Solomon in All his Glory</cite> (London, 1922), p. 49. [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015048888161]</ref></blockquote>}}

Chapter 1 of the [[Trixie Belden]] story ''The Mystery of the Emeralds'' (1962) is titled “Rabbit"Rabbit! Rabbit!”" and discusses the tradition:<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mystery of the Emeralds |url=http://www.trixie-belden.com/books/series/book14.htm|access-date=5 August 2021 |website=www.trixie-belden.com}}</ref>

<{{blockquote>|Trixie Belden awoke slowly, with the sound of a summer rain beating against her window. She half-opened her eyes, stretched her arms above her head, and then, catching sight of a large sign tied to the foot of her bed, yelled out, “Rabbit"Rabbit! Rabbit!”" She bounced out of bed and ran out of her room and down the hall. “I’ve"I've finally done it!”" she cried [...] “Well"Well, ever since I was Bobby’sBobby's age, I’veI've been trying to remember to say ‘Rabbit'Rabbit! Rabbit!’' and make a wish just before going to sleep on the last night of the month. If you say it again in the morning, before you’veyou've said another word, your wish comes true.”" Trixie laughed."<ref>Kathryn Kenny, <cite>The Mystery of the Emeralds</cite> (1962), p. 1. [http://www.trixie-belden.com/books/series/book14.htm]</ref></blockquote>}}

In the United States, the tradition appears especially well known in northern [[New England]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yankeemagazine.com/article/marysfarm/rabbit#_ |title=Saying Rabbit, Rabbit - The Luck of the English |author=Edie Clark |author-link=Edie Clark|work=Yankee |access-date=February 1, February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://wdea.am/the-first-of-the-month-brings-the-luck-of-the-rabbit/ |title=The First of the Month Brings the Luck of the Rabbit |author=Chris Popper |date=30 September 30, 2012 |publisher=WDEA Ellsworth, Maine |access-date=1 February 1, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://goodmorninggloucester.wordpress.com/2011/12/01/did-you-know-rabbit-rabbit/ |title=Did You Know? (Rabbit, Rabbit) |date=1 December 1, 2011 |work=[[Good Morning Gloucester]] |access-date=1 February 1, 2015}}</ref> although, like all folklore, determining its exact area of distribution is difficult. The superstition may be related to the broader belief in the rabbit or hare being a "lucky" animal, as exhibited in the practice of carrying a [[rabbit's foot]] for luck.<ref> {{cite book | last1 = Panati | first1 = Charles | title = Extraordinary Origins of Everyday Things | publisher = HarperCollins | year = 1989 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hI9Weq6q9dEC&dq | access-date = 2 April 2013-04-02 | isbn = 978-0060964191}}</ref> Rabbits have not always been thought of as lucky, however. In the 19th century, for example, fishermen would not say the word while at sea;<ref>{{cite journal |author=F. T. E. |editor=P. F. S. Amery |title=Fourteenth Report of the Devonshire Committee on Folklore |journal=Report & Transactions of the Devonshire Association |year=1896 |volume=28 |page=95}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hewett |first=Sarah |title=Nummits and Crummits |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924029890724 |publisher=Thomas Burleigh |___location=London |year=1900 |page=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924029890724/page/n75 58]}}</ref> in South [[Devon]], to see a white rabbit in one's village when a person was very ill was regarded as a sure sign that the person was about to die.<ref>{{cite journal |author=S. G. H. |editor=F. T. Elworthy |title=Eighth Report of the Devonshire Committee on Folklore |journal=Report & Transactions of the Devonshire Association |year=1885 |volume=17 |page=124}}</ref>

During the mid-1990s, [[Unitedthe States|U.S.]]American children's [[Cable television|cable]] channel [[Nickelodeon]] helped popularize the superstition in the United States as part of its "Nick Days,", where during commercial breaks, it would show an ad about the significance of the current date, whether it be an actual holiday, a largely uncelebrated unofficial holiday, or a made-up day if nothing else is going on that specific day (the latter would be identified as a "Nickelodeon holiday"). Nickelodeon would promote the last day of each month as "Rabbit Rabbit Day" and to remind kids to say it the next day, unless the last day of that specific month was an actual holiday, such as [[Halloween]] or [[New Year's Eve]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Rose |first=Penny |url=http://www.thecheekybunny.com/2010/12/rabbit-rabbit-day.html |title=Rabbit Rabbit Day!! |publisher=The Cheeky Bunny |date=1 December 2010-12-01 |access-date=16 August 2013-08-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116191100/http://www.thecheekybunny.com/2010/12/rabbit-rabbit-day.html |archive-date=2014-01-16 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first1=AJ |last1=Willingham |access-date=1 September 2020-09-01 |title=Rabbit rabbit! Why people say this good-luck phrase at the beginning of the month |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/01/us/rabbit-rabbit-first-day-of-the-month-good-luck-trnd/index.html |website=CNN |date=July 2019}}</ref> This practice stopped by the late 1990s.

Rabbits have not always been thought of as lucky, however. In the 19th century, for example, fishermen would not say the word while at sea,<ref>{{cite journal

|author=F. T. E.

|editor=P. F. S. Amery

|title=Fourteenth Report of the Devonshire Committee on Folklore

|journal=Report & Transactions of the Devonshire Association

|year=1896|volume=28|page=95}}</ref><ref>{{cite book

|last=Hewett|first=Sarah

|title=Nummits and Crummits

|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924029890724|publisher=Thomas Burleigh|___location=London

|year=1900|page=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924029890724/page/n75 58]

}}</ref> in South [[Devon]], to see a white rabbit in one's village when a person was very ill was regarded as a sure sign that the person was about to die.<ref>{{cite journal

|author=S. G. H.|editor=F. T. Elworthy

|title=Eighth Report of the Devonshire Committee on Folklore

|journal=Report & Transactions of the Devonshire Association

|year=1885|volume=17|page=124

}}</ref>

==In other traditions==

There is another folk tradition whichthat may use a variation of "Rabbit", "Bunny", "I hate/love Grey Rabbits" or "White Rabbit" to ward off smoke that the wind is directing into your face when gathered around a campfire.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://folklore.usc.edu/?p=27779<i-hate-white-rabbits/ref> It|title=I isHate thoughtWhite thatRabbits this&#124; traditionUSC mayDigital beFolklore related to the tradition of invoking the rabbit on the first of the month. Others conjecture that it may originate with a North American [[First Nation]] story about smoke resembling rabbit fur. This tradition may be more of a social tradition in a group setting than a genuine belief that certain words will change the wind direction, and may be more of a childhood tradition than an adult one. Children have sometimes adapted from Rabbit to "Pink Elephant" or other comical derivatives.<ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/comments/d6eki/what_did_you_do_as_a_kid_when_campfire_smoke_blew/Archives}}</ref> Because of this more mutable usage, historical record of this is even more scarce than other more static meanings.

As with all folklore, its truth is made evident even in its only occasional fulfillment: should the wind then appear to change direction, others will interpret the use of such an expression as evidence of its effectiveness and will then tend to adopt and repeat its use. That multiple instances of its ''in''effectiveness also exist is discounted in light of the "fact" that it appeared to work once.

==Variants==

<!-- ############# Please only add variations for which you can cite a good, reliable source! ############### -->

As with most [[folklore]], which is traditionally spread by word of mouth, there are numerous variants of the superstition, in some casessometimes specific to a certain time period or region.

* "When I was a very little boy, I was advised to always murmur 'White rabbits' on the first of every month if I wanted to be lucky. From sheer force of unreasoning habit, I do it still—when I think of it. I know it to be preposterously ludicrous, but that does not deter me." – Sir Herbert Russell, 1925.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000329/19250710/034/0004 |title=On Superstition. Life's Fancies and Fantasies |last=Russell |first=Herbert |date=10 July 1925 |work=[[Western Morning News]] |page=4|access-date=25 April 2012 |___location=Plymouth and Exeter, [[Devon]]|url-access=subscription|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}</ref>

* "Even Mr. Roosevelt, the President of the United States, has confessed to a friend that he says 'Rabbits' on the first of every month—and, what is more, he would not think of omitting the utterance on any account." – newspaper article, 1935.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/19351127/044/0010 |title=Strange Superstitions |date=27 November 1935 |work=[[Nottingham Post|The Nottingham Evening Post]] |page=10|access-date=25 April 2012|url-access=subscription|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}</ref>

|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000329/19250710/034/0004

* "On the first day of the month, say 'Rabbit! rabbit! rabbit!' and the first thing you know, you will get a present from someone you like very much." Collected by the researcher Frank C. Brown in [[North Carolina]] in the years between 1913 and 1943.<ref name=FCB>{{cite book |editor=Wayland D. Hand |title=Popular Beliefs and Superstitions from North Carolina |url=https://archive.org/details/frankcbrowncolle07fran |series=The Frank C. Brown Collection of North Carolina Folklore |volume=7 |year=1964 |publisher=Duke University Press |___location=Durham, North Carolina |page=[https://archive.org/details/frankcbrowncolle07fran/page/384 384]}}</ref>

|title=On Superstition. Life's Fancies and Fantasies

* "If you say 'Rabbit, rabbit, rabbit' the first thing when you wake up in the morning on the first of each month, you will have good luck all month." Collected by Wayland D. Hand in Pennsylvania before 1964.<ref name=FCB />

|last=Russell|first=Sir Herbert

|date=10 July 1925

|work=The Western Morning News and Mercury|page=4

|access-date=25 April 2012

|___location=Plymouth and Exeter, [[Devon]]}} {{Subscription required}}</ref>

* "Even Mr. Roosevelt, the President of the United States, has confessed to a friend that he says 'Rabbits' on the first of every month—and, what is more, he would not think of omitting the utterance on any account." – newspaper article, 1935.<ref>{{cite news

|url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/19351127/044/0010

|title=Strange Superstitions

|date=27 November 1935

|work=The Nottingham Evening Post|page=10

|access-date=25 April 2012}} {{Subscription required}}</ref>

* "On the first day of the month say 'Rabbit! rabbit! rabbit!' and the first thing you know you will get a present from someone you like very much." Collected by the researcher Frank C. Brown in [[North Carolina]] in the years between 1913 and 1943.<ref name=FCB>{{cite book

|editor=Wayland D. Hand

|title=Popular Beliefs and Superstitions from North Carolina

|url=https://archive.org/details/frankcbrowncolle07fran

|series=The Frank C. Brown Collection of North Carolina Folklore

|volume=7

|year=1964

|publisher=Duke University Press

|___location=Durham, North Carolina

|page=[https://archive.org/details/frankcbrowncolle07fran/page/384 384]}}</ref>

* "If you say 'Rabbit, rabbit, rabbit' the first thing when you wake up in the morning on the first of each month you will have good luck all month." Collected by Wayland D. Hand in Pennsylvania before 1964.<ref name=FCB />

* "Say 'Rabbit, rabbit, rabbit' at the first of the month for good luck and money." Collected by Ernest W. Baughman in New Mexico before 1964.<ref name=FCB />

* "...it must be 'White Rabbit' ... but you must also say 'Brown Rabbit' at night and walk downstairs backwards." ReportedThis was reported in a small survey that took place in [[Exeter]], Devon, in 1972.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Theo Brown |title=70th report on Folklore |journal=Report & Transactions of the Devonshire Association |year=1972 |volume=105 |page=213}}</ref>

* "Ever since I was 4 years old, I have said 'White Rabbits' at the very moment of waking on every single first day of every single month that has passed." [[Simon Winchester]], 2006.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-130678037.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125092151/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-130678037.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2013 |title='Good morning,' I said, and I was free |last=Winchester |first=Simon|author-link=Simon Winchester |date=2 November 2006 |work=[[International Herald Tribune]]|access-date=3 May 2012 }}</ref>

|author=Theo Brown

* "...the more common version 'rabbit, rabbit, white rabbit' should be said upon waking on the first day of each new month to bring good luck." ''Sunday Mirror'', 2007.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-165860929.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117030259/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-165860929.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 November 2018 |title=You Ask & We Answer |date=1 July 2007 |work=Sunday Mirror|access-date=3 May 2012 }}</ref>

|title=70th report on Folklore

|journal=Report & Transactions of the Devonshire Association

|year=1972|volume=105|page=213}}</ref>

*"Ever since I was 4 years old, I have said 'White Rabbits' at the very moment of waking on every single first day of every single month that has passed." [[Simon Winchester]], 2006.<ref>{{cite news

|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-130678037.html

|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125092151/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-130678037.html

|url-status=dead

|archive-date=25 January 2013

|title='Good morning,' I said, and I was free

|last=Winchester|first=Simon|author-link=Simon Winchester

|date=2 November 2006

|work=[[International Herald Tribune]]

|access-date=3 May 2012

|publisher = via [[HighBeam Research]]}} {{Subscription required}}</ref>

* "...the more common version 'rabbit, rabbit, white rabbit' should be said upon waking on the first day of each new month to bring good luck." ''Sunday Mirror'', 2007.<ref>{{cite news

|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-165860929.html

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117030259/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-165860929.html

|url-status=dead

|archive-date=17 November 2018

|title=You Ask & We Answer

|date=1 July 2007

|work=Sunday Mirror

|access-date=3 May 2012

|publisher = via [[HighBeam Research]]}} {{Subscription required}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[Three hares]]

* [[Rabbit's foot]]

* [[Stamping (custom)]]

* [[April Fools' Day#First day of a new month|"Pinch and a punch for the first of the month"]]

==References==

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==External links==

* [http://www.dendritics.com/scales/white-rabbits.asp On the White Rabbit Theory] – An attempt to catalogue different "rabbit rabbit" variations and determine their origins.

* [http://www.thepsychicwell.com/metaphysics/superstitions-irrational-beliefs-or-cultural-mores/superstitions-about-rabbits/ The Psychic Well] Superstitions About Rabbits

{{Superstitions}}

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[[Category:Superstitions of Great Britain]]

[[Category:Superstitions of the United States]]

[[Category:Rabbits]]