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{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1181|the Air Cadet Squadron|1181 Syston Squadron ATC}}
{{Year nav|1181}}
{{C12 year in topic}}
[[File:Pope Lucius III.png|upright=1.35|thumb|[[Pope Lucius III]] (c. 1097–1185)]]
Year '''1181''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLXXXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].
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=== Europe ===
* King [[Philip II of France|Philip II]] ('''Augustus''') annuls all loans made by [[Jews]] to Christians, and takes a percentage for himself. A year later, he confiscates all Jewish property and expels the Jews from [[Paris]].<ref name=Baldwin2006>{{cite book|last=Baldwin|first=John|title=Paris 1200|year=2006|publisher=Aubier|___location=Paris|page=75}}</ref>
* Philip II begins a war against [[Philip I, Count of Flanders|Philip of Alsace]], count of [[County of Flanders|Flanders]], over the [[Vermandois]]. He claims the territory for his wife [[Isabella of Hainault]] as her dowry. Philip is unwilling to give it up.<ref>Bradbury, Jim. (1997). ''Philip Augustus: King of France 1180–1223'', p. 245. The Medieval World (1st ed.). Routledge. {{ISBN|978-0-582-06059-3}}.</ref>
* [[Henry the Lion]], duke of [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxony]], submits to Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] ('''Barbarossa''') at an [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial Diet]] in [[Erfurt]]. He is banished to [[Kingdom of England|England]] and retains only [[County of Brunswick|Brunswick]] among his former lands.<ref>Williams, Hywel (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 128. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>
* King [[Béla III of Hungary|Béla III]] of [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] and [[Croatia in union with Hungary|Croatia]] goes to war with [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] in an effort to recover [[Dalmatia]]. The city of [[Zadar]] (located on the [[Adriatic Sea]]) [[Byzantine–Hungarian War (1180–1185)|accepts]] Béla's suzerainty.<ref>Stephenson, Paul (2000). ''Byzantium's Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900–1204'', p. 281. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-02756-4}}.</ref>
* After a series of defeats, the [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]] fleet under the admiral Ahmad al-Siqilli, crushes the Portuguese navy and reasserts its control over the [[Atlantic Ocean]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle|year=1997|publisher=Presses Universitaires de France|___location=Paris}}</ref>
* The word [[Catharism|Albigensians]] is first used by [[Geoffroy du Breuil|Geoffroy du Breuil of Vigeois]], French [[abbot]] and chronicler, to describe the inhabitants of [[Albi]] in southern [[France]].
==== Britain ====
* King [[Henry II of England|Henry II]] removes [[Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath|Hugh de Lacy]], lord of [[Kingdom of Meath|Meath]], from his position as procurator of [[Ireland]], possibly because of his having married the daughter of High King [[Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]].
==== Levant ====
* Summer – [[Raynald of Châtillon]], lord of [[Oultrejordain]], raids [[Saladin]]'s territory, reaching as far as [[Tabuk, Saudi Arabia|Tabuk]] (modern [[Saudi Arabia]]) on the route between [[Damascus]] and [[Mecca]]. In November, Saladin sends an expedition under his nephew, [[Farrukh Shah]], who invades Oultrejordain. Raynald of Châtillon is forced to withdraw home. Saladin complains to King [[Baldwin IV of Jerusalem]] ('''the Leper''') for breaking the treaty (see [[1180]]) and demands compensation.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 351. {{ISBN|978-0241-29876-3}}.</ref>
==== Asia ====
* [[March 20]] – [[Taira no Kiyomori]], Japanese military leader and dictator, dies at [[Kyoto]]. He established the first [[samurai]]-dominated administrative government in [[Japan]].
* [[Jayavarman VII]] defeats the [[Chams]] and assumes control over the [[Khmer Empire]] (modern [[Cambodia]]).
* The [[Yōwa]] era is marked by [[famine]] in Japan, during the period from July 1181 through May [[1182]].
=== By topic ===
==== Religion ====
* [[August 30]] – Pope [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]] dies after a 22-year [[pontificate]] at [[Rome]]. He is succeeded by the [[Tuscany]]-born [[Pope Lucius III|Lucius III]] as the 171st pope of the [[Catholic Church]].
==== Science ====
* January – [[William VIII of Montpellier]] frees the teaching of [[medicine]] from any monopoly in France,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=SVm_Ycxj6p0C&pg=PA103 ''Mélanges d'histoire de la médecine hébraïque'', by Gad Freudenthal, Samuel S. Kottek, Paul Fenton compiled by Gad Freudenthal, Samuel S. Kottek published by Brill, 2002] {{ISBN|90-04-12522-1|978-90-04-12522-3}}</ref> an origin of the [[University of Montpellier]].
* Chinese and Japanese astronomers observe what has come to be understood as [[supernova]] [[SN 1181]]. One of only eight supernovae in the [[Milky Way]] observed in recorded history. It appears in the constellation [[Cassiopeia (constellation)|Cassiopeia]] and is visible in the night sky for about 185 days. The radio source [[3C58]] was thought to be the remnant from this event, but opinion is shifting towards the recently discovered nebula Pa 30 (ref : Arxiv 2105.12384).</onlyinclude>
== Births ==
* [[March 22]] – [[Ibn al-Farid]], Arab poet and writer (d. [[1234]])
* [[June 21]] – [[Huijong of Goryeo|Huijong]], Korean ruler of [[Goryeo]] (d. [[1237]])
* [[Irene Angelina]], queen of [[Kingdom of Germany|Germany]] and [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] (d. [[1208]])
* [[Marino Morosini]], doge of [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] ([[Morosini family|House of Morosini]]) (d. [[1253]])
* [[Mathilde of Angoulême]], French [[Nobility|noblewoman]] (d. [[1233]])
* [[Emperor Xianzong of Western Xia|Xian Zong]], Chinese emperor of [[Western Xia]] (d. [[1226]])
== Deaths ==
* [[January 30]] – [[Emperor Takakura|Takakura]], emperor of [[Japan]] (b. [[1161]])
* [[March 16]] – [[Henry I, Count of Champagne|Henry I]] ('''the Liberal'''), French nobleman (b. [[1127]])
* [[March 20]] – [[Taira no Kiyomori]], Japanese military leader (b. [[1118]])
* [[March 13]] – [[Simon III de Montfort]], French nobleman (b. [[1117]])
* [[April 1]] – [[Ulrich II of Aquileia|Ulrich II von Treven]], patriarch of [[Patriarchate of Aquileia|Aquileia]]
* [[April 5]] – [[Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Provence|Ramon Berenguer III]], count of [[Provence]]
* [[June 30]] – [[Hugh of Cyfeiliog, 5th Earl of Chester|Hugh de Kevelioc]], English politician (b. [[1147]])
* [[August 30]] – [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]]
* [[September 27]] – [[Guichard of Pontigny]], French archbishop
* [[October 4]] – [[Herman, Duke of Carinthia|Herman II]], German nobleman ([[Sponheim family|House of Sponheim]])
* [[October 23]] – [[Adela of Meissen]], queen consort of [[Denmark]]
* [[November 26]] – [[Roger de Pont L'Évêque]], Norman archbishop
* [[December 3]] – [[Galgano Guidotti]], Italian nobleman (b. [[1148]])
* [[Adam the Welshman]], Welsh theologian and bishop (b. [[1130]])
* [[As-Salih Ismail al-Malik]], Zangid ruler of [[Damascus]] (b. [[1163]])
* [[Lucas (archbishop of Esztergom)|Lucas]] (or '''Luke'''), archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom–Budapest|Esztergom]] (b. [[1120]])<ref>{{cite book |last=Makk |first=Ferenc |editor1-last=Kristó |editor1-first=Gyula |editor2-last=Engel |editor2-first=Pál |editor3-last=Makk |editor3-first=Ferenc | title=Korai magyar történeti lexikon (9–14. század) ''[Encyclopedia of the Early Hungarian History (9th–14th centuries)]'' |publisher=Akadémiai Kiadó |year=1994 |pages=417–420 |chapter=Lukács |isbn=963-05-6722-9 |language=hu}}</ref>
* [[Serlo of Wilton]], English poet and writer (b. [[1105]])
* [[Zhang Shi (scholar)|Zhang Shi]], Chinese [[Confucianism|Confucian]] scholar (b. [[1133]])
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1181}}
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