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Line 1: {{short description\|High-speed rail service in Spain}} ~~:''This article is about the train. See also [[Advanced Vehicle Engineers]], a short-lived aviation company''~~ {{About\|the high-speed rail service\|the Roman salutation\|Ave\|other uses}} {{Infobox rail company ~~[[Image:AVE Train Set.jpg\|right\|frame\|AVE trainset for Madrid-Sevilla]]~~ \| name = AVE \| image = Trenes.jpg \| franchise = \| logo = Renfe AVE 2022.svg \| nameforarea = station \| abbr = \| regions = [[Madrid Atocha railway station\|Madrid Atocha]], [[Barcelona Sants railway station\|Barcelona Sants]], [[Seville-Santa Justa railway station\|Seville-Santa Justa]], [[Zaragoza–Delicias railway station\|Zaragoza–Delicias]] \| secregions = [[Madrid Chamartín railway station\|Madrid Chamartín]], [[Valencia-Joaquín Sorolla railway station\|Valencia-Joaquín Sorolla]], [[Málaga María Zambrano railway station\|Málaga-María Zambrano]], [[Granada railway station\|Granada]], [[Alicante railway station\|Alicante Terminal]], [[Valladolid-Campo Grande railway station\|Valladolid-Campo Grande]], [[A Coruña railway station\|A Coruña-San Cristóbal]], [[Santiago de Compostela\|Santiago de Compostela railway station]], [[Ourense-Empalme railway station\|Ourense]], [[Córdoba, Spain\|Córdoba]] \| fleet = 22 [[AVE Class 100\|S-100]]<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.renfe.com/es/es/grupo-renfe/grupo-renfe/flota-de-trenes/s-100 \|title=S-100 \|access-date=18 June 2024 \|publisher=Renfe}}</ref> <br />16 [[AVE Class 102\|S-102]]<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.renfe.com/es/es/grupo-renfe/grupo-renfe/flota-de-trenes/s-102-112 \|title=S-102/112 \|access-date=18 June 2024 \|publisher=Renfe}}</ref> <br />26 [[AVE Class 103\|S-103]]<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.renfe.com/es/es/grupo-renfe/grupo-renfe/flota-de-trenes/s-103 \|title=S-103 \|access-date=18 June 2024 \|publisher=Renfe}}</ref> <br />20 [[Talgo AVRIL\|S-106]]<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.renfe.com/es/es/grupo-renfe/comunicacion/renfe-al-dia/sala-de-prensa/renfe-pone-circulacion-s106-incremento-14400-plazas-para-servicios-avlo-circulan-madrid-aragon-cataluna-comunitat-valenciana-murcia \|title=Renfe pone en circulación los S-106 con un incremento de 14.400 plazas para los servicios Avlo que circulan entre Madrid, Aragón, Cataluña, Comunitat Valenciana y Murcia \|date=26 April 2024 \|publisher=[[Renfe]] \|language=es \|access-date=18 June 2024 }}</ref> <br />25 [[AVE Class 112\|S-112]]<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.renfe.com/es/es/grupo-renfe/grupo-renfe/flota-de-trenes \|title=Flota de trenes \|access-date=18 June 2024 \|publisher=Renfe}}</ref> \| stations = 52 \| length = {{convert\|3,966\|km\|abbr=on}}<ref name="ADIF">{{cite web\|url=https://www.adifaltavelocidad.es/red-ferroviaria/red-de-alta-velocidad\|title=''Red de Alta Velocidad''\|publisher=ADIF \|access-date=7 May 2023}}</ref> \| parent_company = [[Renfe]] \| website = https://www.renfe.com \| gauge = Standard (1435 mm) \| old_gauge = \| el = 25 kV AC (some sections on 3 kV DC network) \| map = }} '''''Alta Velocidad Española''''' ('''AVE'''){{efn\|Spanish pronunciation: '''AVE''', short for '''Alta Velocidad Española''' (literally, "Spanish High Speed" but also "bird" in [[Spanish language\|Spanish]]) is a [[high speed train]] that can achieve speeds of up to 300 km/h on dedicated track. Three different corporations have made or will make train sets to run on the high-speed network: Spanish firm [[Talgo]], French firm [[Alstom]] (makers of the [[TGV]]), and German firm [[Siemens]] which makes the [[ICE]] high speed trainsets for Germany. :{{IPA\|es\|ˈalta βeloθiˈðað espaˈɲola\|}}, {{IPA\|es\|ˈaβe\|}}}} is a [[high-speed rail service]] operated by [[Renfe]], the Spanish State railway company. The first AVE service was inaugurated in 1992, with the introduction of the first Spanish high-speed railway connecting the cities of [[Madrid]], [[Córdoba, Andalusia\|Córdoba]] and [[Seville]]. Unlike the rest of the Spanish [[broad gauge\|broad-gauge]] network, the AVE uses European [[standard gauge]], permitting direct connections outside Spain in the future. All AVE trains are operated by [[RENFE]] (Spanish State Railways). Under consideration, however, is the possibility of granting private companies the right to run several lines which are under construction or in the planning process. In addition to Renfe's use of the [[Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias]]-managed rail infrastructure in Spain, Renfe offers two AVE services partially in France, connecting respectively Barcelona-Lyon and Madrid-Marseille.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20230713/renfe-empieza-operar-francia-ave-entre-barcelona-lyon-este-jueves/2451868.shtml\|website=[[rtve.es]]\|title= Renfe empieza a operar en Francia con un AVE entre Barcelona y Lyon\|date=13 July 2023}}</ref> ~~== History and Extensions==~~ The AVE started running between [[Madrid]] and [[Seville]] on [[21 April]] [[1992]], a distance of 471 km. Construction of a high-speed line connecting Madrid and [[Barcelona]] is under way, with the first section from Madrid to [[Lleida]], via [[Zaragoza]], having opened on [[11 October]] [[2003]] and inauguration of the remainder currently planned for [[2007]] (present forecasts are that it will reach [[Tarragona]] by [[2006]]). When completed, the Madrid-Barcelona line will be the world's fastest in commercial operation with trains reaching a top speed of 350 km/h and covering the 600 km between the two cities in just 2.5 hours. {{lang\|es\|Alta Velocidad Española}} translates to "Spanish High Speed", but the initials are also a play on the word {{lang\|es\|ave}}, meaning "bird". AVE trains operate at speeds of up to {{Cvt\|300\|km/h\|4=0}}.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/madrid-barcelona-at-310-kmh-with-etcs-level-2.html \|title=Madrid — Barcelona at 310 km/h with ETCS Level 2 \|date=18 October 2011 \|work=[[Railway Gazette International]] \|access-date=9 November 2011 \|___location=London \|archive-date=28 July 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728151013/https://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/madrid-barcelona-at-310-kmh-with-etcs-level-2.html \|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="geotren-max-speeds">[https://www.geotren.es/blog/velocidades-maximas-de-los-trenes-y-de-las-lineas/ "Velocidades máximas de los trenes y de las líneas"] (maximum speeds of the trains and of the lines), last updated on 10 December 2022, accessed on 7 May 2023.</ref> Construction of segments to [[Valladolid]] and [[Malaga]] are underway, and there are firm plans for extending the system to [[Valencia]] and [[Alicante]], and eventually to interconnect with the French [[TGV]] network as well. Further expansions to [[Galicia (Spain)\|Galicia]], the [[Basque Country]] and [[Portugal]] will also eventually be built. == Services == The Spanish government has an ambitious plan to have 7000 km of high-speed rail operational by the end of the decade. The overall goal is to have all provincial capitals at most only four hours away from Madrid, and 6 hours 30 minutes from Barcelona. {{As of\|2024}} Renfe offers the following AVE services:<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.renfe.com \|title=Renfe \|access-date=7 May 2023 \|publisher=Renfe}}</ref> * Alicante–León via Albacete, Cuenca, Madrid Chamartín, Valladolid and Palencia. The construction currently taking place on the high speed corridor from Madrid to Barcelona has been less than perfect. Trains are not running at their full speed between Madrid and Lleida. Engineering improvements are being promised that will eventually bring the line to the designed top speed of 350 km/h. * Alicante–Ourense via Albacete, Cuenca, Madrid Chamartín and Zamora. * Barcelona–Granada via Tarragona, Lleida, Zaragoza, Ciudad Real, Puertollano, Córdoba and Antequera. * Barcelona–Málaga via Tarragona, Lleida, Zaragoza, Ciudad Real, Córdoba, Puente Genil-Herrera, and Antequera. * Barcelona–Seville via Tarragona, Lleida, Zaragoza, Ciudad Real, Puertollano and Córdoba (trains with selective stops are also scheduled). * Burgos–Murcia via Valladolid, Segovia, Madrid-Chamartín, Elche and Orihuela. * Gijón–Castellón via Oviedo, Mieres Del Camín, La Pola, León, Palencia, Valladolid, Segovia, Madrid-Chamartín, Cuenca, Valencia and Sagunto. * Gijón–Vinaros, via Oviedo, Mieres Del Camín, La Pola, León, Palencia, Valladolid, Segovia, Madrid-Chamartín, Cuenca, Valencia, Sagunto, Castellón, Benicàssim, Oropesa del Mar and Benicarló (only in summertime). * Huesca–Seville via Tardienta, Zaragoza, Calatayud, Guadalajara, Madrid-Puerta de Atocha and Córdoba * Madrid–A Coruña via Zamora, Ourense and Santiago De Compostela. * Madrid–Alicante via Cuenca, Albacete, and Villena (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled). * Madrid–Barcelona via Guadalajara, Calatayud, Zaragoza, Lleida, and Tarragona (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled). * Madrid–Castellón via Cuenca, Requena-Utiel and Valencia. * Madrid–Figueres via Guadalajara, Calatayud, Zaragoza, Lleida, Tarragona, Barcelona and Girona (trains are scheduled with selective stops). * Madrid–Gijón via Valladolid, Palencia, León and Oviedo. * Madrid–Granada via Ciudad Real, Puertollano, Córdoba, Puente Genil-Herrera, Antequera and Loja (trains with selective stops are also scheduled). * Madrid–Huesca via Guadalajara, Calatayud, Zaragoza, and Tardienta. * Madrid–León via Segovia, Valladolid and Palencia. * Madrid–Málaga via Ciudad Real, Puertollano, Córdoba, Puente Genil-Herrera, and Antequera (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled). * Madrid–Murcia via Elche and Orihuela (some trains are arriving to Alicante and then reversing towards Murcia). * Madrid–Ourense via Zamora. * Madrid–Seville via Ciudad Real, Puertollano, and Córdoba (non stop trains and trains with selective stops are also scheduled). * Madrid–Valencia via Cuenca and Requena-Utiel (non stop trains are also scheduled). * Madrid–Vigo via Zamora, Sanabria, A Gudiña, Ourense, Santiago de Compostela, Vilagarcía de Arousa and Pontevedra (trains with selective stops are also scheduled). * Málaga–Murcia via Madrid-Puerta de Atocha, Cuenca, Albacete, Villena, Alicante, Elche and Orihuela. * Valencia–Burgos via Requena-Utiel, Cuenca, Madrid Chamartín and Valladolid (trains with selective stops are also scheduled). * Valencia–León via Requena-Utiel, Cuenca, Madrid-Chamartín, Segovia, Valladolid and Palencia (trains with selective stops are also scheduled). * Valencia–Seville via Cuenca, Ciudad Real, Puertollano, and Córdoba. * International:<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.renfe.com/es/en/renfe-group/communication/renfe-today/press-room/renfe-places-ave-high-speed-tickets-sale-france \|title=Renfe places AVE (high-speed) tickets on sale in France \|date=21 June 2023\|access-date=21 August 2023 \|publisher=Renfe}}</ref> Barcelona–Lyon via Girona, Figueres, Perpignan, Narbonne, Montpellier, Nîmes, and Valence. Madrid–Marseille via Guadalajara, Zaragoza, Tarragona, Barcelona, Girona, Figueres, Perpignan, Narbonne, Béziers, Montpellier, Nîmes, Avignon and Aix-en-Provence. The central hub of the AVE system is Madrid's [[Madrid Atocha railway station\|Puerta de Atocha]], except for the [[Madrid–Asturias high-speed rail line\|Madrid–Asturias]], Madrid–Burgos, [[Madrid–Galicia high-speed rail line\|Madrid–Galicia]] and Madrid–Alicante lines as well as the majority of the services on the Madrid-Murcia and Madrid-Valencia lines, that terminate at [[Madrid Chamartín railway station\|Chamartín station]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.renfe.com/es/es/grupo-renfe/comunicacion/renfe-al-dia/sala-de-prensa/renfe-reorganiza-oferta-servicios-ave-madrid-alicante-tras-traslado-cabecera-puerta-atocha-chamartin-clara-campoamor \|title=Renfe reorganiza la oferta de los servicios AVE Madrid-Alicante tras el traslado de la cabecera de Puerta de Atocha a Chamartín Clara Campoamor \|date=19 August 2022\|access-date=23 August 2022 \|publisher=Renfe\|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.renfe.com/es/es/grupo-renfe/comunicacion/renfe-al-dia/sala-de-prensa/el-ave-madrid-murcia-comenzara-el-servicio-comercial-el-veinte-de-diciembre \|title=El AVE Madrid-Murcia comenzará el servicio comercial el próximo 20 de diciembre \| date=12 December 2022\|access-date=20 December 2022 \|publisher=Renfe}}</ref> ~~== Lines ==~~ ~~Currently, four lines make up the AVE system:~~ == Trains == AVE Larga Distancia (''long distance'') Madrid-Sevilla (Madrid, [[Ciudad Real]], [[Puertollano]], [[Córdoba]], Sevilla) Currently, there are several series of high-speed trains that run the AVE service: AVE Larga Distancia Madrid-Zaragoza-Lleida (Madrid, [[Guadalajara, Spain\|Guadalajara]], [[Calatayud]], [[Zaragoza, Spain\|Zaragoza]], Lleida) '''[[Renfe Class 100\|S-100]]''', manufactured by [[Alstom]], based on the [[TGV]] family trains. AVE Lanzadera (''shuttle'') Madrid-Puertollano (Madrid, Ciudad Real, Puertollano) '''[[Renfe Class 102\|S-102]]''', manufactured by [[Talgo]] and [[Bombardier Transportation\|Bombardier]], marketed globally as Talgo 350. Talgo 200 Madrid-Málaga (Madrid, Ciudad Real, Puertollano, Córdoba, [[Málaga]]) '''[[Renfe Class 103\|S-103]]''', manufactured by [[Siemens]], marketed globally under the brand [[Siemens Velaro]]. '''[[Talgo AVRIL\|S-106]]''', manufactured by Talgo, marketed globally as Talgo AVRIL. '''[[Renfe Class 112\|S-112]]''', manufactured by Talgo and Bombardier, an improved version of the S-102 with a different seat layout. <gallery widths="150"> ~~In Madrid, AVE operates out of [[Atocha\|Puerta de Atocha]] station.~~ File:AVE in spain.jpg\|A [[Talgo\|Talgo 350]] train (Renfe Class 102) at [[Atocha railway station\|Madrid Atocha station]]. File:Talgo 350.jpg\|AVE train Talgo 350 (Renfe Class 102) File:AVE a Lleida.jpg\|[[Talgo\|Talgo 350]] train (Renfe Class 102) at Lleida Pirineus station File:Renfe clase 100.JPG\|AVE "Alstom" (Renfe Class 100) trainset at Córdoba. File:RENFE AVE Velaro 2013.jpg\|A RENFE AVE S-103 (Siemens Velaro E) at Figueres Vilafant railway station in 2013. File:Serie 106 de Renfe.jpg\|AVE Talgo Avril train (Renfe Class 106). </gallery> {\| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" \|Unit ! colspan="2" \|Top speed ! rowspan="2" \|Seating capacity ! rowspan="2" \|Number in Service ! rowspan="2" \|First built \|- !km/h !mph \|- \|[[AVE Class 100\|S-100]] \|300 \|186 \| align="right" \|329 \|22 \| align="right" \|1991 \|- \|[[AVE Class 102\|S-102]] \|350 \|220 \| align="right" \|318 \|16 \| align="right" \|2005 \|- \|[[AVE Class 103\|S-103]] \|300 \|186 \| align="right" \|404 \|26 \| align="right" \|2007 \|- \|[[Talgo AVRIL\|S-106]] \|300 \|186 \| align="right" \|> 500 735 (low cost version \|20 \| align="right" \|2012 \|- \|[[AVE Class 112\|S-112]] \|350 \|220 \| align="right" \|365 \|25 \| align="right" \|2010 \|} ==~~External~~Passenger ~~links~~usage== The still-growing network transported a record 39.0 million passengers in 2024.<ref name="AveINE">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=49359\|title=Transport. Total passengers by type, transport means used (ground, air and maritime) and distance. \|website=ine.es\|access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref> Though the network length is extensive, it lags in ridership behind comparable high-speed rail systems in Japan, France, Germany, China, Taiwan, and Korea. [http://www.renfe.es/ave/index.html AVE (Renfe)] (in Spanish) * [http://www.altavelocidad.org/index_en.htm High Speed trains in Spain] * [http://www.railfaneurope.net/ave/en-ave.htm AVE fan pages (last updated: 1999)] {\| class="wikitable" ~~[[Category:Rail transport]]~~ \|- style="background: #cccccc; ~~[[Category:transportation in Spain]]~~ \|+AVE passengers in millions from 2006 to 2024<ref>{{Cite web \|last= \|title=High Speed: Open access comes to Spain \|url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/in-depth/high-speed-open-access-comes-to-spain/56641.article \|access-date=2024-10-24 \|website=Railway Gazette International \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=Spain: high-speed rail passenger traffic 2022 \|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1265733/passenger-traffic-high-speed-rail-spain/ \|access-date=2023-12-24 \|website=Statista \|language=en}}</ref><ref name="AveINE" /> \|- !rowspan="2" {{vert header\|2000s}} ! !! !! !! !! !! !! 2006 !! 2007 !! 2008 !! 2009 \|- \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| 4.878 \|\| 5.559 \|\| 11.461 \|\| 11.250 \|- !rowspan="2" {{vert header\|2010s}} ! 2010 !! 2011 !! 2012 !! 2013 !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! 2019 \|- \| 10.851 \|\| 12.563 \|\| 12.101 \|\| 14.697 \|\| 17.967 \|\| 19.428 \|\| 20.352 \|\| 21.108 \|\| 21.332 \|\| 22.370 \|- !rowspan="2" {{vert header\|2020s}} ! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 !! 2023 !! 2024 !! 2025 !! 2026 !! 2027 !! 2028 !! 2029 \|- \|\| 7.603\|\| 12,282\|\| 23,562\|\| 31,784\|\| 39,019\|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|} {{Reflist\|group=t}} <div> {{Graph:Chart \| type=rect \|width = 500 \|yGrid= \| y =4.878, 5.559, 11.461, 11.250, 10.851, 12.563, 12.101, 14.697, 17.967, 19.428, 20.352, 21.108, 21.332, 22.370 \| yAxisTitle = Passengers (millions) \| xAxisTitle = Year \| xAxisAngle=-60 \| x = 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 }}</div> ===Rail infrastructure in Spain and Europe=== ~~[[de:Alta Velocidad Española]]~~ * [[Rail transport in Spain]] ~~[[es:Alta Velocidad Española]]~~ * [[High-speed rail in Spain]] ~~[[fr:Alta Velocidad Española]]~~ * [[High-speed rail in Europe]] ~~[[nl:Alta Velocidad Española]]~~ * [[Train categories in Europe]] ~~[[ja:AVE]]~~ ~~[[ro:Alta Velocidad Española]]~~ == Notes == ~~[[sv:AVE]]~~ {{Notelist}} == References == {{Reflist\|30em}} == External links == {{Commons category}} * [http://www.renfe.com/EN/viajeros/larga_distancia/productos/index.html AVE (Renfe)] {{Navboxes \|title=Articles related to AVE (''Alta Velocidad Española'') \|list= {{AVE navbox}} {{Rail transport in Spain}} {{High-speed rail}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:AVE}} [[Category:AVE high-speed trains]] [[Category:Renfe]] [[Category:High-speed rail in Spain]]

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