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[[File:Ice-bound on Kolguev - a chapter in the exploration of Arctic Europe to which is added a record of the natural history of the island (1895) (14595270719).jpg|thumb|A reindeer herd in [[Kolguyev Island]] in 1895. The caption reads: "We entered today on a new phase of reindeer life. For the first time the fly appeared ''(Hypoderma tarandi)'', known to the [[Samoyeds]] as ''Pi-liur'', and to the Russians as ''Orwot.'']]
'''''Hypoderma tarandi''''', also known as the '''reindeer warble fly''' and '''reindeer botfly''',<ref>{{cite journal | pmc = 2600172 | pmid=18258079 | doi=10.3201/eid1401.070163 | volume=14 | issue=1 | title=Human ophthalmomyiasis interna caused by ''Hypoderma tarandi'', Northern Canada | year=2008 | journal=Emerging Infect. Dis. | pages=64–6 | last1 = Lagacé-Wiens | first1 = PR | last2 = Dookeran | first2 = R | last3 = Skinner | first3 = S | last4 = Leicht | first4 = R | last5 = Colwell | first5 = DD | last6 = Galloway | first6 = TD}}</ref> is a species of [[warble fly]] that is [[parasitism|parasitic]] on [[reindeer]].<ref>Chillcott, in Stone et al., 1965, Catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico, p. 1112.</ref>
The larvae of this fly are a skin-penetrating ectoparasite that usually infest populations of reindeer and [[caribou]] in [[Arctic]] areas, causing harm to the hides, meat and milk in domesticated herds. They also may cause [[ophthalmomyiasis]] in humans,<ref>{{cite journal| doi=10.1016/j.ijppaw.2013.06.001 | pmid=24533338 | pmc=3862539 | volume=2 | title=Warble infestations by Hypoderma tarandi (Diptera; Oestridae) recorded for the first time in West Greenland muskoxen | year=2013 | journal=International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife | pages=214–216 | last1 = Samuelsson | first1 = Fredrik | last2 = Nejsum | first2 = Peter | last3 = Raundrup | first3 = Katrine | last4 = Vicky Alstrup Hansen | first4 = Tina | last5 = Moliin Outzen Kapel | first5 = Christian}}</ref> leading to [[uveitis]], [[glaucoma]] and [[retinal detachment]].<ref name=lag>{{cite journal | last1 = Lagacé-Wiens | first1 = P. R. |display-authors=etal | year = 2008 | title = Human ophthalmomyiasis interna caused by ''Hypoderma tarandi'', Northern Canada | journal = Emerging Infectious Diseases | volume = 14 | issue = 1| pages = 64–6 | pmc=2600172 | pmid=18258079 | doi=10.3201/eid1401.070163}}</ref> ''H. lineatum'' and ''H. sinense'' may also infest humans.<ref name=lag/>
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