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UML 1.X had nine types of diagrams. Following a 2001 initiative of the [[International Council on Systems Engineering]] (INCOSE), in 2003 OMG issued the UML for Systems Engineering Request for Proposals, and in 2006 OMG adopted SysML ([[Systems Modeling Language]]) 1.0 specification, which is based on UML 2. Since then, SysML has become the de facto standard for systems engineering.
The first book on OPM, ''Object-Process Methodology: a Holistic Systems Paradigm'', was published in 2002,<ref name="Object-Process Methodology – A Holistic Systems Paradigm">{{cite book |last=Dori |first=Dov |author-link=Dov Dori |title=Object-Process Methodology: A Holistic Systems Paradigm |date=2002 |publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] |___location=Berlin, Heidelberg, New York |isbn=978-3540654711 |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-56209-9 |s2cid=13600128 }}</ref> and OPM has since been applied in many domains, ranging from the [[Semantic Web]] to defense and to molecular biology.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Perelman |first1=Valeria |last2=Somekh |first2=Judith |last3=Dori |first3=Dov |title=Model verification framework with application to molecular biology |series=TMS-Devs '11 |date=2011 |publisher=Society for Computer Simulation International |pages=140–145 |url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2048494 |ref=MolecularBiology}}</ref> The recognition that models can and should become the central artifact in system lifecycles has been gaining momentum in recent years, giving rise to [[model-based systems engineering]] (MBSE) as an evolving field in the area of systems engineering.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fischer |first1=Amit |last2=Nolan |first2=Mike |last3=Friedenthal |first3=Sanford |last4=Loeffler |first4=Michael |last5=Sampson |first5=Mark |last6=Bajaj |first6=Manas |last7=VanZandt |first7=Lonnie |last8=Hovey |first8=Krista |last9=Palmer |first9=John |last10=Hart |first10=Laura |title=3.1.1 Model Lifecycle Management for MBSE |journal=INCOSE International Symposium |date=2014 |volume=24 |pages=207–229 |doi=10.1002/j.2334-5837.2014.tb03145.x}}</ref>
SysML and OPM have been serving as the two MBSE languages, but since SysML was adopted as a standard about eight years before OPM and has been backed by top-notch vendors, its adoption is currently more widespread. However, OPM is rapidly gaining acceptance in academia and industry.{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}
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