The pre-commit phase introduced above helps the system to recover from the case when a participant failure or both the coordinator and a participant node failure occursfailed during the commit phase. When the recovery coordinator takes over after the coordinator failurefailed during a commit phase of [[two-phase commit]], the new pre-commit comes handy as follows: On querying participants, if it learns that some nodes are in commit phase then it assumes that the previous coordinator before crashing has made the decision to commit. Hence it can shepherd the protocol to commit. Similarly, if a participant says that it doesn’thad receivenot received a PrepareToCommit message, then the new coordinator can assume that the previous coordinator failed even before it completed the PrepareToCommit phase. Hence it can safely assume that no other participant would havehas committed the changes, and hence safely abort the transaction.
