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Line 18: === External or view level === The external level is exposed to users and developers and supplies a consistent pattern for performing database operations. <ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.dmst.aueb.gr/dds/etech/db/abstr.htm\|title = Levels of Abstraction}}</ref> Database operations are represented only loosely as SQL or even database access at this level. Every database should be treated equally at this level with no apparent difference despite varying physical data types and operations.

Database abstraction layer: Difference between revisions