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CoAP is a [[service layer]] protocol that is intended for use in resource-constrained internet devices, such as [[wireless sensor network]] nodes. CoAP is designed to easily translate to [[HTTP]] for simplified integration with the web, while also meeting specialized requirements such as [[multicast]] support, very low overhead, and simplicity.<ref>[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7252 RFC 7252, Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)]</ref><ref>"[http://hinrg.cs.jhu.edu/joomla/images/stories/IPSN_2011_koliti.pdf Integrating Wireless Sensor Networks with the Web]" , Walter, Colitti 2011</ref> Multicast, low overhead, and simplicity are extremely important for [[Internet of Things]] (IoT) and [[Machine-to-Machine]] (M2M) devices, which tend to be deeply [[Embedded system|embedded]] and have much less memory and power supply than traditional internet devices have. Therefore, efficiency is very important. CoAP can run on most devices that support [[User Datagram Protocol|UDP]] or a UDP analogue.
The Internet Engineering Task Force ([[IETF]]) Constrained [[RESTful]] Environments Working Group ([https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/charter-ietf-core/ CoRE]) has done the major standardization work for this protocol. In order to make the protocol suitable to IoT and M2M applications, various new functions have been added
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The core of the protocol is specified in RFC 7252. Various extensions have been proposed, particularly:
* [https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7641 RFC 7641] (2015) Observing Resources in the Constrained Application Protocol
* [https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7959 RFC 7959] (2016) Block-Wise Transfers in the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
* [https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8323 RFC 8323] (2018) CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) over TCP, TLS, and WebSockets
* [https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8974 RFC 8974] (2021) Extended Tokens and Stateless Clients in the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
==Message formats==
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