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Only molecules binding to or dissociating from the biosensor can shift the interference pattern and generate a response profile. Unbound molecules, changes in the [[refractive index]] of the surrounding medium, or changes in flow rate do not affect the interference pattern. This is a unique characteristic of bio-layer interferometry and extends its capability to perform in crude samples used in applications for protein-protein interactions,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fang |first1=Ye |title=Label-Free Cell-Based Assays with Optical Biosensors in Drug Discovery |journal=Assay and Drug Development Technologies |date=20 November 2006 |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=583–595 |doi=10.1089/adt.2006.4.583 |pmid=17115929 }}</ref> quantitation, affinity,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fransson |first1=Johan |last2=Teplyakov |first2=Alexey |last3=Raghunathan |first3=Gopalan |last4=Chi |first4=Ellen |last5=Cordier |first5=Wendy |last6=Dinh |first6=Thai |last7=Feng |first7=Yiqing |last8=Giles-Komar |first8=Jill |last9=Gilliland |first9=Gary |last10=Lollo |first10=Bridget |last11=Malia |first11=Thomas J |last12=Nishioka |first12=Walter |last13=Obmolova |first13=Galina |last14=Zhao |first14=Shanrong |last15=Zhao |first15=Yonghong |last16=Swanson |first16=Ronald V |last17=Almagro |first17=Juan C |title=Human Framework Adaptation of a Mouse Anti-Human IL-13 Antibody |journal=Journal of Molecular Biology |date=30 April 2010 |volume=398 |issue=2 |pages=214–231 |doi=10.1016/j.jmb.2010.03.004 |pmid=20226193 }}</ref> and kinetics.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Abdiche |first1=Yasmina |last2=Malashock |first2=Dan |last3=Pinkerton |first3=Alanna |last4=Pons |first4=Jaume |title=Determining kinetics and affinities of protein interactions using a parallel real-time label-free biosensor, the Octet |journal=Analytical Biochemistry |date=15 June 2008 |volume=377 |issue=2 |pages=209–217 |doi=10.1016/j.ab.2008.03.035 |pmid=18405656 }}</ref>
Bio-layer interferometry was invented by Dr. Hong Tan, ''et al''. He founded [[ForteBio]] in 2001, an instrument manufacturer based in Menlo Park, California. In 2011, ForteBio was acquired by Pall Corporation. After Danaher's acquisition of Pall, ForteBio remained under Pall until 2018. Between 2018 and 2020, ForteBio was part of [[Molecular Devices]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Molecular Devices announces brand identity for its newly-formed biologics business unit |url=https://www.moleculardevices.com/news/molecular-devices-announces-brand-identity-its-newly-formed-biologics-business-unit |website=www.fortebio.com |accessdate=24 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref> In April 2020, ForteBio was acquired by [[Sartorius AG|Sartorius]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=News Releases {{!}} ForteBio|url=https://www.fortebio.com/news|access-date=2020-06-08|website=www.fortebio.com}}</ref>
Since 2019, an improved version of Bio-layer Interferometry technology has also been available from Gator Bio, a company founded by the same inventor. Gator Bio is located in Palo Alto, California.
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