|
* [[Atlas V]] ([[Boeing]])
}}
[[File:NASA Commercial Crew group photo at JSC.jpg|thumb|350px|First group of nine astronauts selected for the NASA Commercial Crew Development program and the two selected spacecraft, the Boeing [[Boeing CST-100 Starliner|CST-100 Starliner]] (left) and SpaceX [[Dragon 2|Crew Dragon]]]]
{{Commercial Crew and Cargo}}
'''Commercial Crew Development''' ('''CCDev''') is a multiphase, [[space technology]] development program that is funded by the [[U.S. government]] and administered by [[NASA]]. The program is intended to stimulate development of privately operated crew vehicles to be launched into [[low Earth orbit]]. The program is run by NASA's Commercial Crew and Cargo Program Office (C3PO).<ref>[http://www.nasa.gov/offices/c3po/home/ Commercial Crew & Cargo Program Office]. NASA website, June 3, 2014, accessed December 16, 2015.</ref>
In 2010, in the first phase of the program, NASA provided $50 million combined to five American companies; the money was intended for research and development into private-sector human spaceflight concepts and technologies. NASA solicited a second set of CCdev proposals for technology development projects lasting for a maximum of 14 months in October of that year.<ref name="nasa20101025">{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/oct/HQ_10-277_CCDev.html |title=NASA Seeks More Proposals On Commercial Crew Development |date=October 25, 2010 |work=press release 10-277 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> In April 2011, NASA announced they would award up to nearly $270 million to four companies as they met their CCDev 2 objectives.
NASA awarded Space Act Agreements for the third phase, named CCiCap, in August 2012; this would last until 2014.<ref name=nasa20120803/> CCiCap is followed by CCtCap with [[Federal Acquisition Regulation]] (FAR) Part 15 contracts, which formed the fourth and final phase of the program. Contracts were awarded to [[SpaceX]] and [[Boeing]] in September 2014.<ref name=CCtCapBlogAnnounce/> Test flights of both spacecraft are scheduled for 2019.<ref>http://spacenews.com/spacex-delays-commercial-crew-test-flights-to-latter-half-of-2018/</ref> SpaceX and Boeing have contracts with NASA to each supply six flights to ISS between 2019 and 2024.<ref name="govconwire.com">https://www.govconwire.com/2017/01/boeing-spacex-secure-additional-crewed-missions-under-nasas-commercial-space-transport-program/</ref> The first group of astronauts assigned to fly on the two selected spacecraft were announced on August 3, 2018.<ref name=firstastronauts>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-assigns-crews-to-first-test-flights-missions-on-commercial-spacecraft|title=NASA Assigns Crews to First Test Flights, Missions on Commercial Spacecraft|date=August 3, 2018|publisher=NASA}}</ref>
==Requirements==
[[Category:Private spaceflight]]
[[Category:International Space Station]]
-->
-->[[File:NASA_Commercial_Crew_Program_logo.svg|destra|230x230px|Commercial Crew Program logo]]
[[File:NASA_Commercial_Crew_group_photo_at_JSC.jpg|miniatura|350x350px|FirstPrimo groupgruppo ofdei ninenove astronautsastronauti selectedselezionati forper theil NASAprogramma Commercial Crew Development programe andi thedue twoveicoli selected spacecraftselezionati, theil Boeing [[CST-100 Starliner]] (leftsinistra) ande il SpaceX [[Dragon 2|Crew Dragon]]]]
Il '''Commercial Crew Development''' ('''CCDev''') è un programma di sviluppo di tecnologie spaziali, con multiple fasi, finanziato dal [[Governo federale degli Stati Uniti d'America|governo statunitense]] e gestito dalla [[NASA]]. Lo scopo del programma è di incentivare lo sviluppo di veicoli con equipaggio di aziende private lanciati in [[orbita terrestre bassa]]. Il programma è gestito dal Commercial Crew and Cargo Program Office (C3PO).<ref>[{{Cita web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/offices/c3po/home/ |titolo=Commercial Crew & Cargo Program Office].|autore=Erling Holm|sito=NASA website, June 3, 2014, accessed December 16, 2015.|data=2013-07-03|lingua=en|accesso=2019-03-04}}</ref>
Nel 2010, nella prima fase del programma, la NASA fornì un totale di 50 milioni di dollari a cinque aziende statunitensi; il denaro sarebbe dovuto essere utilizzato per la ricerca e sviluppo in concetti e tecnologie del volo umano nel settore privato. A ottobre dello stesso anno, la NASA richiese una seconda serie di proposte per progetti di sviluppo tecnologico con una durata massima di 14 mesi.<ref name="nasa20101025">{{citecita web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/oct/HQ_10-277_CCDev.html|titletitolo=NASA Seeks More Proposals On Commercial Crew Development|dateeditore=NASA|data=October 25, ottobre 2010|worklingua=en|opera=press release 10-277|publisher=NASA}}</ref> Ad aprile 2011, la NASA annunciò che premierebbe con circa 270 milioni a quattro aziende che soddisfassero gli obiettivi del CCDev 2.
Ad agosto 2012, NASA conferì Space Act Agreements per la terza fase, chiamata CCiCap; sarebbe durata fino al 2014.<ref>{{Cita nameweb|url="nasa20120803"https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/news/releases/2012/release-20120803.html|titolo=NASA Announces Next Steps in Effort to Launch Americans from U.S. Soil|autore=Kay Grinter: KSC|sito=www.nasa.gov|lingua=en|accesso=2019-03-04}}</ref> CCiCap è seguita dalla quarta e ultima fase, chiamata CCtCap, con i contratti della Part 15 della [[Federal Acquisition Regulation]] (FAR). I contratti sono stati assegnati a [[SpaceX]] e a [[Boeing]] a settembre 2014.<ref>{{Cita nameweb|url="CCtCapBlogAnnounce"https://blogs.nasa.gov/bolden/2014/09/16/american-companies-selected-to-return-astronaut-launches-to-american-soil/|titolo=American Companies Selected to Return Astronaut Launches to American Soil|sito=blogs.nasa.gov|lingua=en-US|accesso=2019-03-04}}</ref> I test flight di entrambi i veicoli sono programmati per il 2019.<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://spacenews.com/spacex-delays-commercial-crew-test-flights-to-latter-half-of-2018/|titolo=SpaceX delays commercial crew test flights to latter half of 2018|sito=SpaceNews.com|data=2018-01-11|lingua=en-US|accesso=2019-03-03}}</ref> I contratti prevedono che SpaceX e Boeing forniscano sei voli di rifornimenti alla [[Stazione Spaziale Internazionale|ISS]] tra il 2019 e il 2024.<ref name="govconwire.com">{{Cita web|url=https://www.govconwire.com/2017/01/boeing-spacex-secure-additional-crewed-missions-under-nasas-commercial-space-transport-program/|titolo=Boeing, SpaceX Secure Additional Crewed Missions Under NASA’s Commercial Space Transport Program|sito=GovCon Wire|lingua=en-US|accesso=2019-03-03}}</ref> Il primo gruppo di astronauti assegnato a volare sui due veicoli furono annunciati il 3 agosto 2018.<ref name="firstastronauts">{{citecita web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-assigns-crews-to-first-test-flights-missions-on-commercial-spacecraft|titletitolo=NASA Assigns Crews to First Test Flights, Missions on Commercial Spacecraft|dateeditore=NASA|data=August 3, agosto 2018|publisherlingua=NASAen}}</ref>
== Requisiti ==
== Panoramica del programma ==
== Fasi ==
== Voli ==
== Riassunto dei finanziamenti ==
== Note ==
<references />
== Voci correlate ==
<br />
== Collegamenti esterni ==
<br />
| 