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The successful incorporation of a third base pair is a significant breakthrough toward the goal of greatly expanding the number of [[amino acid]]s which can be encoded by DNA, from the existing 20 amino acids to a theoretically possible 172, thereby expanding the potential for living organisms to produce novel [[protein]]s.<ref name="Fikes"/> The artificial strings of DNA do not encode for anything yet, but scientists speculate they could be designed to manufacture new proteins which could have industrial or pharmaceutical uses.<ref name="Pollack">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/08/business/researchers-report-breakthrough-in-creating-artificial-genetic-code.html?hpw&rref=business&_r=0| title=Scientists Add Letters to DNA's Alphabet, Raising Hope and Fear |last=Pollack| first=Andrew| name-list-style = vanc | date=May 7, 2014| work=New York Times| access-date=8 May 2014}}</ref> Experts said the synthetic DNA incorporating the unnatural base pair raises the possibility of life forms based on a different DNA code.<ref name = "fox">{{cite news| url=http://www.foxnews.com/health/2014/05/08/scientists-create-organism-using-artificial-dna/| title=Scientists create first living organism containing artificial DNA| date=May 8, 2014| work=The Wall Street Journal |publisher=Fox News| access-date=8 May 2014}}</ref><ref name = "Pollack" />
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{{Main|Non-canonical base pairing}}
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