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→Measure theoretic formulation: Using definition! I.e. (X_*P)b = integral( RN-derivative ) |
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The probabilities associated with all (hypothetical) values must be non-negative and sum up to 1,
:<math>\sum_x p_X(x) = 1</math> and <math>
Thinking of probability as mass helps to avoid mistakes since the physical mass is conserved as is the total probability for all hypothetical outcomes <math>x</math>.
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