'''Manually coded languages''' ('''MCLs''') are a family of gestural communication methods which include [[fingerspelling|gestural spelling]] as well as [[constructed language]]s which directly interpolate the grammar and syntax of oral languages in a gestural-visual form - thatform—that is, [[sign language|signed]] versions of oral languages. Unlike the sign languages that have evolved naturally in [[deaf communities]], these manual codes are the conscious invention of [[Hearing (person)|deaf and hearing educators]], and as such lack the distinct spatial structures present in native deaf sign languages.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Spencer |first1=Amy |last2=Glover |first2=Cathy |title=A Continuum of Communication: Manually Coded English Systems |url=https://www.mecdhh.org/uploads/Pdfs/Webinars/MCE.pdf |website=Maine Educational Center for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing |access-date=2021-03-15 |date=2015-06-15}}</ref> MCLs mostly follow the [[grammar]] of the oral language—or, more precisely, of the written form of the oral language that they interpolate. They have been mainly used in [[deaf education]] in an effort to "represent [[English language|English]] on the hands" and by sign language [[Interpreting|interpreters]] in K-12 schools, although they have had some influence on deaf sign languages where their implementation was widespread.
==History==
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| colspan="2" | [[German language|German]] || [[Signed German]] -– {{Lang|de|Lautsprachbegleitende Gebärden}} (LBG, 'signs accompanying speech') and {{Lang|de|Lautsprachunterstützende Gebärden}} (LUG, 'signs supporting speech')<ref>[[:de:Lautsprachbegleitende Gebärden#Lautsprachunterst.C3.BCtzende Geb.C3.A4rden|article on German Wikipedia about LBG and LUG]]</ref>
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| colspan="2" | [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] || [[Signed Hebrew]] (oral Hebrew accompanied by sign)<ref>Meir & Sandler, 2013, ''A Language in Space: The Story of Israeli Sign Language''</ref>
