Office Open XML file formats: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 14:55, 2 October 2021

Revision as of 04:33, 26 October 2021

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[[Image:Open Packaging Convention.png|220px|thumb|right|Container structure of Part 2 of the Ecma Office Open XML standard, ECMA-376]]

Office Open XML documents are stored in [[Open Packaging Conventions]] (OPC) packages, which are [[ZIP (file format)|ZIP file]]s containing [[XML]] and other data files, along with a specification of the relationships between them.<ref name="ecma_tc45_white_paper">{{ cite web | url=http://www.ecma-international.org/news/TC45_current_work/OpenXML%20White%20Paper.pdf | title=Office Open XML Overview | author=Tom Ngo | page=6 | format=PDF | publisher=Ecma International | date=December 11, 2006 | access-date=2007-01-23 }}</ref> Depending on the type of the document, the packages have different internal directory structures and names. An application will use the relationships files to locate individual sections (files), with each having accompanying metadata, in particular [[MIME]] metadata.

A basic package contains an XML file called ''[Content_Types].xml'' at the root, along with three directories: ''_rels'', ''docProps'', and a directory specific for the document type (for example, in a .docx word processing package, there would be a ''word'' directory). The ''word'' directory contains the ''document.xml'' file which is the core content of the document.

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Each worksheet in a spreadsheet is represented by an XML document with a root element named {{tag|worksheet}} in the {{LinkBlue|<nowiki>http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/spreadsheetml/2006/main</nowiki>}} Namespace.

The representation of date and time values in SpreadsheetML has attracted some criticism. ECMA-376 1st edition does not conform to ISO 8601:2004 "Representation of Dates and Times". It requires that implementations replicate a [[Lotus 1-2-3]]<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.exceluser.com/explore/earlydates.htm | title = How to Work With Dates Before 1900 in Excel | first = Charley | last = Kyd | date = October 2006 | work = ExcelUser | access-date = 2009-09-16 }}</ref> bug that erroneously treats 1900 as a leap year. Products complying with ECMA-376 would be required to use the WEEKDAY() spreadsheet function, and therefore assign incorrect dates to some days of the week, and also miscalculate the number of days between certain dates.<ref name="The Contradictory Nature of OOXML">{{ cite web | url=http://www.consortiuminfo.org/standardsblog/article.php?story=20070117145745854 | title=The Contradictory Nature of OOXML | date=17 January 2007 | publisher=ConsortiumInfo.org}}</ref> ECMA-376 2nd edition (ISO/IEC 29500) allows the use of 8601:2004 "Representation of Dates and Times" in addition to the Lotus 1-2-3 bug-compatible form.<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-376.htm | title = ECMA-376 2nd edition Part 1 (3. Normative references) | publisher = Ecma-international.org | access-date = 2009-09-16}}</ref><ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.ecma-international.org/news/TC45_current_work/New%20set%20of%20proposed%20dispositions%20posted.htm | title = New set of proposed dispositions posted, including more positive changes to the Ecma Office Open XML formats&nbsp;– Dispositions now proposed for more than half of National Bodies' comments | publisher = Ecma-international.org | date = 2007-12-11 | access-date = 2009-09-16}}</ref>

=== Office MathML (OMML) ===

Office Math Markup Language is a mathematical markup language which can be embedded in WordprocessingML, with intrinsic support for including word processing markup like revision markings,<ref>{{cite web|url = http://idippedut.dk/post/Do-your-math-OOXML-and-OMML|title = Do your math - OOXML and OMML (Updated 2008-02-12)|author = Jesper Lund Stocholm|publisher = A Mooh Point blog|date = 2008-02-12|access-date = 2015-11-18}}</ref> footnotes, comments, images and elaborate formatting and styles.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://blogs.msdn.com/murrays/archive/2007/06/05/science-and-nature-have-difficulties-with-word-2007-mathematics.aspx| title=Science and Nature have difficulties with Word 2007 mathematics| author=Murray Sargent| publisher=MSDN blogs| date=2007-06-05| access-date=2007-07-31}}</ref>

The OMML format is different from the [[World Wide Web Consortium]] (W3C) [[MathML]] recommendation that does not support those office features, but is partially compatible<ref>{{cite web| url=http://dpcarlisle.blogspot.com/2007/04/xhtml-and-mathml-from-office-20007.html| title=XHTML and MathML from Office 2007| author=David Carlisle| publisher=David Carlisle| date=2007-05-09| access-date=2007-09-20}}</ref> through [[XSL Transformations]]; tools are provided with office suite and are automatically used via clipboard transformations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/murrays/archive/2007/06/05/science-and-nature-have-difficulties-with-word-2007-mathematics.aspx|title = DevBlogs}}</ref>

The following Office MathML example defines the [[fraction (mathematics)|fraction]]: <math>\frac{\pi}{2}</math>

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Some have queried the need for Office MathML (OMML) instead advocating the use of [[MathML]], a [[World Wide Web Consortium|W3C]] recommendation for the "inclusion of mathematical expressions in Web pages" and "machine to machine communication".<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.zdnet.com.au/news/software/soa/Microsoft-Office-dumped-by-Science-and-Nature/0,130061733,339278690,00.htm| title=Microsoft Office dumped by Science and Nature| publisher=ZDNet Australia| date=18 June 2007}}</ref> Murray Sargent has answered some of these issues in a blog post, which details some of the philosophical differences between the two formats.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/murrays/archive/2006/10/07/mathml-and-ecma-math-_2800_omml_2900_-.aspx|title = DevBlogs}}</ref>

=== DrawingML ===<!-- English Metric Unit links to here -->