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The [[Dayton Agreement]] or GFAP, signed in [[Paris]] on [[14 December]] 1995 resulted from a long series of events. Notably, the failures of [[Peace plans offered before and during the Bosnian War|EU led peace plans]], the August 1995 Croat [[Operation Storm]] and its aftermath, the Bosnian Serb atrocities, in particular the [[Srebrenica massacre]], and the seizure of [[UNPROFOR]] peacekeepers as [[human shield]]s against NATO's [[Operation Deliberate Force]].
 
Admiral [[Leighton Smith]] (Commander in Chief Allied Forces Southern Europe (CINCSOUTH)) acted as the Joint Force Commander for the operation (also known as ''Commander IFOR'' (COMIFOR)). He commanded the operation from HQs in [[Zagreb]] and later from March 1996 from the Residency in [[Sarajevo]]. [[Michael Walker (generalgenerale)|Lt Gen Michael Walker]], Commander ARRC ([[Allied Command Europe]] Rapid Reaction Corps) acted as the Land Component Commander for the Operation, commanding from HQ ARRC (Forward) based initially in [[Kiseljak]] and from late January 1996 from HQ ARRC (Main) [[Ilidza]]. This was NATO's first ever out-of-area land deployment. The Land Component's part of the operation was known as Operation Firm Endeavour.
 
On [[21 December]] [[1996]] the task of IFOR was taken over by [[SFOR]].