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Municipal and industrial permittees are required to regularly collect and analyze wastewater samples, and submit [[Discharge Monitoring Report]]s to a state agency or EPA.<ref>{{cite report |author=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |date=2010 |title=NPDES Permit Writers' Manual |url=https://www.epa.gov/npdes/npdes-permit-writers-manual |id=EPA-833-K-10-001 |pages=8–14}}</ref> Amendments in 1977 required stricter regulation of [[toxic]] pollutants.<ref>U.S. Clean Water Act of 1977, {{USPL|95|217}}, December 27, 1977. "Toxic Pollutants." Section 53. {{usc|33|1317}}</ref> In 1987 Congress expanded NPDES permit coverage to include municipal and industrial [[stormwater]] discharges.<ref>U.S. Water Quality Act of 1987, {{USPL|100|4}}, February 4, 1987. "Section 405. Municipal and Industrial Stormwater Discharges." {{USCSub|33|1342|p}}</ref> {{Details|United States regulation of point source water pollution}}
Thermal pollution is only regulated in the United States under the Clean Water Act. Section 316(a). This allows for the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) to limit effluent discharge to protect the biotic life supported by a waterbody. The NPDES is empowered to issue permits for thermal variance that is differing from expected thermal limits in water waste.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hanlon|first=James A.|date=28 October
The Act also requires use of [[Best management practice for water pollution|best management practices]] for a wide range of other water discharges including [[nonpoint source pollution]].<ref>Clean Water Act, {{usc|33|1329}}, {{usc|33|1344}}</ref>
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