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Studies have found both commercial and non-commercial preparations of kohl to contain high levels of contaminants including lead. Lead levels in commercial kohl preparations have been as high as 84%. Kohl has been linked to lead poisoning and lead intoxication. Complications of these conditions include [[anemia]], [[growth retardation]], low [[intelligence quotient|IQ]], [[convulsions]], and in severe cases, death. Anemia from lead poisoning is of special concern in Middle Eastern and South Asian countries where other forms of anemia are prevalent — including [[iron deficiency anemia]] (from malnutrition) and [[hemoglobinopathy]] ([[sickle cell anemia]], [[thalassemia]]).
New concern has arisen as these cosmetics are being imported and sold in Western countries as well. The FDA issued a warning against all kohl, al-kahl, sirma, kajal products and affirmed that the sale and use of such pigments is illegal in the U.S. The FDA release can be viewed at: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/cos-kohl.html
==Pop Culture==
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