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* '''Vowels''': English [[orthography]] uses 6 vowel ''letters'' (''a, e, i, o, u, y'') to represent some 15 vowel ''sounds''. While the English system is compact, it is also ambiguous. The IPA is unambiguous, representing each vowel sound with a unique letter or sequence. (See the [[IPA vowels chart with audio|vowel audio chart]]). Note that most of what in English are called "[[long vowels]]", ''A, E, I, O, U'', are in fact combinations of two sounds, which is why they are transcribed in the IPA with two letters apiece: {{IPA|/eɪ/}}, {{IPA|/iː/}}, {{IPA|/aɪ/}}, {{IPA|/oʊ/}}, and {{IPA|/juː/}}.<ref>The English digraphs ''ee, oo, au, ei, ai, ou, ie, eu,'' etc. are not used at all in the IPA, or similar combinations of two letters are used to logically represent two sounds, for example {{IPA|/eɪ/}} for the two vowel sounds in "may", not the single vowel sound at the end of "receive ".</ref>
* '''Consonants''': IPA consonants are mostly intuitive to an English speaker, with the same letter used for the same sound. Thus you already know {{IPA|/b, d, f, ɡ, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, z/}}, as long as you remember that these each have a single sound. For example, {{IPA|/ɡ/}} always represents the sound of ''get,'' never of ''gem,'' and {{IPA|/s/}} always the sound of ''so,'' never of ''rose''. The letter which most confuses people is {{IPA|/j/}}, which has its Central-European values, a ''y'' sound as in English ''[[wiktionary:hallelujah|hallelujah]]''. Two English consonant sounds, ''ch'' in ''chair'' and ''j'' in ''jump'', are transcribed with two IPA letters apiece, {{IPA|/tʃ/}} and {{IPA|/dʒ/}}. The English digraphs ''ch, ng, qu, sh, th'' are not used. See and hear also [[IPA pulmonic consonants chart with audio|consonants audio chart]].
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== Vowels ==
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===Long vowels===
The first principle is to not use English [[alphaphonemic pronunciation|alphaphonemic pronunciations]], as if you were reading the English alphabet. In the words below, the vowel letters are pronounced as in the English alphabet, but this is not a system found in any other language:
* ''A:'' ''m'''a'''ke'', '''''a'''ngel''
* ''E'' or ''EE:'' ''m'''ee'''t, del'''e'''te''
* ''I:'' ''r'''i'''ce''
* ''O:'' ''n'''o'''te''
* ''U:'' '''''u'''se''
The English digraphs ''ee, oo, au, ei, ai, ou, ie, eu,'' etc. are not used.
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The English digraphs ''ch, ng, qu, sh, th'' are not used.
== IPA's purpose and
IPA's purposes are to 1) represent the [[phonetics]] of words (how they sound) and 2) to give samples of the [[phonology]] of a language (how the language as a whole sounds). The second purpose concerns only linguists. The first purpose concerns any interested reader, but only to a limited degree, as transcribing words into IPA does not need to be perfect or overly [[Phonetic transcription#Narrow versus broad transcription|precise]] (something for fluent IPA users to consider). The word "transcribe" is used to distinguish this from normal writing or spelling, which has other purposes (such as preserving word etymologies and meaning).
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