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==Areas of activity==
===Emergent properties===
Philip Tetlow, an IBM-based scientist influential in the emergence of web science as an independent discipline,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.southampton.ac.uk/wsi/news/2015/03/wsi-distinguished-lecture-phil-tetlow.page | title=WSI Distinguished Lecture, Dr Phil Tetlow | Web Science Institute | University of Southampton }}</ref> argued for the concept of web life,<ref name="tetlow">{{cite book | first=Philip D. | last=Tetlow |title=The Web's awake: an introduction to the field of Web science and the concept |year=2007 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HBskd46jR10C&dq=Gopala+Hemachandra&pg=PA79 |isbn=978-0-470-13794-9 }}</ref> which considers the Web not as a connected network of computers, as in common interpretations of the [[Internet]], but rather as a [[sociotechnical]] machine<ref>Nijholt, A. (2009) Socio-Technical Implementation: Socio-technical Systems in the Context of Ubiquitous Computing, Ambient Intelligence, Embodied Virtuality, and the Internet of Things. In: Handbook of Research on Socio-Technical Design and Social Networking Systems. IGI Global.</ref> capable of fusing together individuals and organisations into larger coordinated groups. It argues that unlike the technologies that have come before it, the Web is different in that its phenomenal growth and complexity are starting to outstrip our capability to control it directly, making it impossible for us to grasp its completeness in one go. Tetlow made use of [[Fritjof Capra]]'s concept of the 'web of life' as a metaphor.<ref>{{cite book| last=Capra | first=Fritjof | author-link=Fritjof Capra | year=1997 | title=The Web of Life: A New Scientific Understanding of Living Systems | publisher=Anchor }}</ref><ref>Tetlow 2009, [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Investigations-into-Web-science-and-the-concept-of-Tetlow/c305acf463dc55c96a15ef257844a251916b3231#references Investigations into Web science and the concept of Web life]</ref>
== Research groups ==
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