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=== Ising machines ===
 
Physical computers whose design was inspired by the theoretical [[Ising model]] are called Ising machines.<ref name="courtland" /><ref name="cartlidge" /><ref>{{Cite news |first=Adrian |last=Cho |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/odd-computer-zips-through-knotty-tasks |title=Odd computer zips through knotty tasks |work=Science |date=2016-10-20}}</ref>
Adrian Cho.
[https://www.science.org/content/article/odd-computer-zips-through-knotty-tasks "Odd computer zips through knotty tasks"].
</ref>
 
[[Yoshihisa Yamamoto (scientist)|Yoshihisa Yamamoto]]'s lab at [[Stanford University|Stanford]] pioneered building Ising machines using photons. Initially Yamamoto and his colleagues built an Ising machine using lasers, mirrors, and other optical components commonly found on an [[optical table]].<ref name="courtland" /><ref name="cartlidge">{{Cite news |first=Edwin |last=Cartlidge |url=http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2016/oct/31/new-ising-machine-computers-are-taken-for-a-spin |title=New Ising-machine computers are taken for a spin |date=31 October 2016 |work=Physics World}}</ref>
Edwin Cartlidge.
[http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2016/oct/31/new-ising-machine-computers-are-taken-for-a-spin "New Ising-machine computers are taken for a spin"].
</ref>
 
Later a team at [[Hewlett Packard Labs]] developed [[photonic chip]] design tools and used them to build an Ising machine on a single chip, integrating 1,052 optical components on that single chip.<ref name="courtland">