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A '''passive electronically scanned array''' ('''PESA'''), also known as '''passive phased array''', is an antenna in which the beam of radio waves can be electronically steered to point in different directions (that is, a [[phased array]] antenna), in which all the antenna elements are connected to a single [[transmitter]] (such as a [[magnetron]], a [[klystron]] or a [[travelling wave tube]]) and/or [[radio receiver|receiver]].
The largest use of phased arrays is in [[radar]]s{{Citation needed|date=August 2022|reason=Plausible, but still a strong claim that needs authorative sourcing.}}. Most phased array radars in the world are PESA{{Citation needed|date=August 2022|reason=Questionable considering modern (massive) MIMO communications as present in every 4G+ base station.}}. The civilian [[microwave landing system]] uses PESA transmit-only arrays.
A PESA contrasts with an [[active electronically scanned array]] (AESA) antenna, which has a separate [[transmitter]] and/or [[radio receiver|receiver]] unit for each antenna element, all controlled by a computer; AESA is a more advanced, sophisticated versatile second-generation version of the original PESA phased array technology. Hybrids of the two can also be found, consisting of subarrays that individually resemble PESAs, where each subarray has its own [[RF front end]]. Using a hybrid approach, the benefits of AESAs (e.g., multiple independent beams) can be realized at a lower cost compared to true AESAs.
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