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{{short description|Particular execution of a computer program}}
[[File:Concepts- Program vs. Process vs. Thread.jpg|thumb|[[Computer program|Program]] vs. Process vs. [[Thread (computing)|Thread]] <br/>[[Scheduling (computing)|Scheduling]], [[Preemption (computing)|Preemption]], [[Context switch|Context Switching]]|400x400px]]
In [[computing]], a '''process''' is the [[Instance (computer science)|instance]] of a [[computer program]] that is being executed by one or many [[thread (computing)|threads]]. There are many different process models, some of which are light weight, but almost all processes (even entire [[virtual machine]]s) are rooted in an [[operating system]] (OS) process which comprises the program code, assigned system resources, physical and logical access permissions, and data structures to initiate, control and coordinate execution activity. Depending on the OS, a process may be made up of multiple threads of execution that execute instructions [[Concurrency (computer science)|concurrently]].<ref name="OSC Chap4">{{cite book |last1=Silberschatz |first1=Abraham |author-link=Abraham Silberschatz |last2=Cagne |first2=Greg |last3=Galvin |first3=Peter Baer |date=2004 |title=Operating system concepts with Java |edition=Sixth |chapter=Chapter 4. Processes |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn=0-471-48905-0}}</ref><ref name="Vah96">{{cite book |last=Vahalia |first=Uresh |date=1996 |title=UNIX Internals: The New Frontiers |chapter=Chapter 2. The Process and the Kernel |publisher=Prentice-Hall Inc. |isbn=0-13-101908-2 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/unixinternalsnew00vaha }}</ref>
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