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Early 16th century as explained in the Java section |
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This type of arquebus has similarity to the Vietnamese arquebus of the 17th century. The weapon is very long, may reach 2.2 m in length, and had its own folding bipod.<ref name=":0" /> Tome Pires' 1513 account tells the army of Gusti Pati (Patih Udara), viceroy of ''Batara Vojyaya'' (probably Brawijaya or Ranawijaya), numbered 200,000 men, 2,000 of which are horsemen and 4,000 [[musketeer]]s.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Cortesão|first=Armando|url=https://archive.org/details/McGillLibrary-136385-182|title=The Suma oriental of Tomé Pires : an account of the East, from the Red Sea to Japan, written in Malacca and India in 1512-1515 ; and, the book of Francisco Rodrigues, rutter of a voyage in the Red Sea, nautical rules, almanack and maps, written and drawn in the East before 1515 volume I|publisher=The Hakluyt Society|year=1944|isbn=9784000085052|___location=London}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>{{Rp|175-176}} Duarte Barbosa ca. 1514 said that the inhabitants of Java are great masters in casting artillery and very good artillerymen. They make many one-pounder cannons (cetbang or [[Lantaka|rentaka]]), long muskets, ''spingarde'' (arquebus), ''schioppi'' (hand cannon), [[Greek fire]], guns (cannons), and other fire-works. Every place are considered excellent in casting artillery, and in the knowledge of using it.<ref name=":14">{{Cite book|last=Jones|first=John Winter|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsofludovic00vartrich/page/254/mode/2up?q=|title=The travels of Ludovico di Varthema in Egypt, Syria, Arabia Deserta and Arabia Felix, in Persia, India, and Ethiopia, A.D. 1503 to 1508|publisher=Hakluyt Society|year=1863}}</ref>{{Rp|254}}<ref name=":42">{{Cite book|last=Stanley|first=Henry Edward John|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptionofcoa00barbrich/page/n7/mode/2up|title=A Description of the Coasts of East Africa and Malabar in the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century by Duarte Barbosa|publisher=The Hakluyt Society|year=1866}}</ref>{{Rp|198}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Partington|first=J. R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fNZBSqd2cToC&dq=java&pg=PA224|title=A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder|date=1999|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-5954-0|language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|224}}
[[Chinese people]] praised Southern country gun:<blockquote>Liuxianting (劉獻廷 — early [[Qing dynasty|Qing era]] geographer) from the [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] and Qing dynasty says: "Southern people are good at gun warfare, and Southern gun is the best under the heavens". Qu Dajun (屈大均) said: "Southern gun, especially the Javanese gun (爪哇銃) is likened to a strong [[crossbow]]. They are suspended from their shoulders with ropes, and they will be sent together when they meet the enemy. They can penetrate several heavy armors".<ref>{{Cite book|author1=Lý Bá Trọng|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zEe5DwAAQBAJ|title=火槍與帳簿：早期經濟全球化時代的中國與東亞世界 (Guns and Account Books: China and the East Asian World in the Era of Early Economic Globalization)|date=2019|publisher=聯經出版事業公司 (Lianjing Publishing Company)|isbn=978-957-08-5393-3|page=142|language=zh-TW|quote=明清之際人劉獻廷說：「交善火攻，交槍為天下最。」屈大均則說：「有交槍者，其日爪哇銃者，形如強弩，以繩懸絡肩上，遇敵萬統齊發，貫甲數重。」|access-date=2020-07-12}}</ref></blockquote>The Chinese Ming dynasty recorded exports products of Java that were imported to China. These include iron guns, black slaves, ''balahu chuan'' ([[perahu]]), ''zhaowa chong'' (Javanese gun), and sulfur.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=lK8XEAAAQBAJ&pg=RA2-PT188&dq=%E7%88%AA%E5%93%87%E9%8A%83&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj1q4eR6d36AhUGR2wGHU0ADzUQ6AF6BAgNEAI#v=onepage&q=%E7%88%AA%E5%93%87%E9%8A%83&f=false |title=中国与南海周边关系史 (History of China's Relations with the South China Sea) |publisher=Beijing Book Co. Inc. |year=2017 |isbn=9787226051870 |editor-last=Shu |editor-first=Yuan}}</ref>
=== Malay peninsula ===
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