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In higher eukaryotes [[microRNA]]s regulate gene expression. A single miRNA can reduce the expression levels of hundreds of genes. The mechanism by which mature miRNA molecules act is through partial complementary to one or more messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, generally in [[Three prime untranslated region|3' UTRs]]. The main function of miRNAs is to down-regulate gene expression.
The ncRNA [[RNase P]] has also been shown to influence gene expression. In the human nucleus, [[RNase P]] is required for the normal and efficient transcription of various ncRNAs transcribed by [[RNA polymerase III]]. These include tRNA, [[5S ribosomal RNA|5S rRNA]], [[Signal recognition particle|SRP]] RNA, and [[U6 spliceosomal RNA|U6 snRNA]] genes. RNase P exerts its role in transcription through association with Pol III and [[chromatin]] of active tRNA and 5S rRNA genes.<ref name="pmid16778078">{{cite journal | vauthors = Reiner R, Ben-Asouli Y, Krilovetzky I, Jarrous N | title = A role for the catalytic ribonucleoprotein RNase P in RNA polymerase III transcription | journal = Genes & Development | volume = 20 | issue = 12 | pages = 1621–35 | date = June 2006 | pmid = 16778078 | pmc = 1482482 | doi = 10.1101/gad.386706 }}</ref>
It has been shown that [[7SK RNA]], a [[metazoan]] ncRNA, acts as a negative regulator of the [[RNA polymerase II]] [[elongation factor|elongation factor P-TEFb]], and that this activity is influenced by stress response pathways.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}
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