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* standards & certification, e.g. Solar Standards and Certification (Task 57), Solar Rating & Certification Procedure (Task 43)<ref>[http://www.iea-shc.org/task43/ Solar Rating & Certification Procedure (Task 43)]</ref>
* resource assessment, e.g. Solar Resource Assessment and Forecasting (Task 46), Solar Resource Knowledge Management (Task 36)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iea-shc.org/task36/ |title=Solar Resource Knowledge Management (Task 36) |access-date=2011-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222234912/https://www.iea-shc.org/task36/ |archive-date=2011-12-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
====Task 13====
The idea behind Task 13 was to push [[construction]] technology towards its limits to achieve the lowest possible total purchased [[List of energy resources|energy]] consumption. Task 13 was part of the [[International Energy Agency|IEA]] ''Solar Heating and Cooling Programme'', to test the designs and techniques, and to monitor their performance.
On average, the houses were designed to require 44 [[kWh]]/m<sup>2</sup>, 75% lower than the average 172 kWh/m<sup>2</sup> that would have been required had the houses been built to normal standards. (Analysis of 11 of the houses in use indicated that total savings made in practice was actually 60% [http://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/cgi-bin/egwddf2/6969/screen.tcl/host=ddfcat&host=ddf&gattr1=parseOp&v=1&fe=10&e11=indoor&f11=all&l11=and&s1=sortkey&page=28&name=show_record&norec=1&ppage=30&lposddfcat=7&lposddf=24&service=ddf%32&context1=b&lang=eng]). The 44 kWh/m<sup>2</sup> resulted from:
*[[Electricity]] – 18 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>
*[[Space heating]] – 14 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>
*Water heating – 11 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>
*Cooling – 1 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>
In addition there was an average solar contribution designed to average 37 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>, from a combination of [[passive solar]] gains, [[active solar]], and [[photovoltaics]].
The buildings were constructed to be [[airtight]], [[superinsulation|superinsulated]] to roughly double normal standards, and to minimise [[thermal bridge]]s. [[Masonry]] and several [[timber frame]]d methods were represented, as well as newly designed [[steel]] strengthened [[polystyrene]] block walls. The Berlin "Zero Heating Energy House" included a {{convert|20|m3}} [[Seasonal thermal energy storage|seasonal thermal store]].[http://wire.ises.org/wire/doclibs/EuroSun96.nsf/id/F7DE064B758101BDC12565E6003737C3/$File/paper.pdf]
The homes in the programme were:
*Pleiade Row House, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
*Brampton Advanced House, Canada
*Waterloo Region Green Home, Canada [http://wire0.ises.org/wire/doclibs/EuroSun96.nsf/5e0a56caccf2d7f8c1256927007e99bf/0a62da4514aed139c12565e600372fe6!OpenDocument]
*Kolding Row House, Denmark
*IEA 5 House, Pietarsaari, [[Finland]]
*Ultrahouse, Rottweil, Germany [http://www.retscreen.net/download.php/ang/98/3/PSH05-C.pdf]
*Zero Heating Energy House, Berlin, Germany [https://web.archive.org/web/20051203043654/http://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/umwelt/klimaschutz/berlin_spart_energie/en/bauen_wohnen/nullheizenergiehaus.shtml]
*Wish House 3, Iwaki, Japan [http://wire.ises.org/wire/doclibs/EuroSun96.nsf/5e0a56caccf2d7f8c1256927007e99bf/e709bc2f0e842a82c12565e6003737a2!OpenDocument]
*Urban Villa, Amstelveen, [[Netherlands]] [http://wire.ises.org/wire/doclibs/EuroSun96.nsf/5e0a56caccf2d7f8c1256927007e99bf/3d3df9e54fb54c10c12565e600373dad!OpenDocument]
*IEA Task 13 House, Hamar, Norway [https://web.archive.org/web/20060214233611/http://www.ntnu.no/arkitekt/Bygningsteknologi/Prosjekter/IEA_lavenergi.html]
*Roskar Low Energy House, Sweden
*Duplex in Gelterkinden, Switzerland
*Exemplary House, Grand Canyon, United States
*Exemplary House, Yosemite, USA
Among the lessons learned were that:
*Airtightness was difficult to achieve
*Ventilation systems could suffer from noise and draft problems
*Care was needed to design out summer overheating
*Simple installations and systems were easier for the residents to understand
===International SHC conference===
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