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NFS version 4.1 (RFC 5661, January 2010; revised in RFC 8881, August 2020) aims to provide protocol support to take advantage of clustered server deployments including the ability to provide scalable parallel access to files distributed among multiple servers (pNFS extension). Version 4.1 includes Session trunking mechanism (Also known as NFS Multipathing) and available in some enterprise solutions as [[VMware ESXi]].
NFS version 4.2 (RFC 7862) was published in November 2016<ref>{{cite
| url = https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7862
| title = NFS Version 4 Minor Version 2
| first = Thomas | last = Haynes
| date = 2016-11-01
| doi = 10.17487/RFC7862
}}</ref> with new features including: server-side clone and copy, application I/O advise, sparse files, space reservation, application data block (ADB), labeled NFS with sec_label that accommodates any MAC security system, and two new operations for pNFS (LAYOUTERROR and LAYOUTSTATS).
One big advantage of NFSv4 over its predecessors is that only one UDP or TCP port, 2049, is used to run the service, which simplifies using the protocol across firewalls.
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