Comparison of birth control methods: Difference between revisions

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Different forms of birth control have different potential side effects. Not all, or even most, users will experience side effects from a method.

The less effective the method, the greater the risk of the side- effects associated with pregnancy.

Minimal or no other side effects are possible with coitus interruptus, fertility awareness-based, and LAM. Some forms of periodic abstinence encourage examination of the cervix; insertion of the fingers into the vagina to perform this examination may cause changes in the vaginal environment. Following the rules for LAM may delay a woman's first post-partum menstruation beyond what would be expected from different breastfeeding practices.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}

Barrier methods have a risk of allergic reactionreactions. Users sensitive to latex may use barriers made of less allergenic materials - polyurethane condoms, or silicone diaphragms, for example. Barrier methods are also often combined with spermicides, which have possible side effects of genital irritation, vaginal infection, and urinary tract infection.

Sterilization procedures are generally considered to have a low risk of side effects, though some persons and organizations disagree.<!--

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--><ref>{{cite web |last=Staff |first=Healthwise. |title=Advantages and Disadvantages of Hormonal Birth Control |url=http://healthlinksbc.org/kb/content/frame/tw9513.html |access-date=2010-07-06 }}</ref>

Combined hormonal contraceptives contain estrogen and progestin hormones.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Teal |first1=Stephanie |last2=Edelman |first2=Alison |date=2021-12-28 |title=Contraception Selection, Effectiveness, and Adverse Effects: A Review |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2787541 |journal=JAMA |language=en |volume=326 |issue=24 |pages=2507–2518 |doi=10.1001/jama.2021.21392|pmid=34962522 |s2cid=245557522 |issn=0098-7484}}</ref> They can come in formulations such as a pills, vaginal rings, and transdermal patches.<ref name=":0" /> Most people who use combined hormonal contraception experience breakthrough bleeding within the first 3 months.<ref name=":0" /> Other common side effects include headaches, breast tenderness, and changes in mood.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Barr |first=Nancy Grossman |date=December 15, 2020 |title=Managing Adverse Effects of Hormonal Contraceptives |url=https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/1215/afp20101215p1499.pdf |journal=American Family Physician |volume=82 |issue=12 |pages=1499–1506 |pmid=21166370 |via=American Academy of Family Physicians}}</ref> Side effects from hormonal contraceptives typically disappear over time (3-5 months) with consistent use.<ref name=":1" /> Less common effects of combined hormonal contraceptives include increasing the risk of deep vein thrombosis to 2 to 10 per 10 000 women per year and venous thrombotic events (see [[venous thrombosis]]) to 7 to 10 per 10,000 women per year.<ref name=":0" />

Hormonal contraceptives can come in multiple forms including injectables. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), a progestin -only injectable, has been found to cause amenorrhea; however, the irregular bleeding pattern returns to normal over time.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> DMPA has also been associated with weight gain.<ref name=":1" /> Other side effects more commonly associated with progestin-only products include [[acne]] and [[hirsutism]].<ref name=":1" /> Compared to combined hormonal contraceptives, progestin-only contraceptives typically produce a more regular bleeding pattern.<ref name=":0" />

===Sexually transmitted disease prevention===