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==Areas of the brain affected==
Various areas of the [[brain]] work together in a multitude of ways in order to produce the images that we see with our eyes and that are encoded by our brains. The basis of this work takes place in the [[visual cortex]] of the brain. The visual cortex is located in the [[occipital lobe]] of the brain and harbors many other structures that aid in [[Object recognition (cognitive science)|visual recognition]], categorization, and learning. One of the first things the brain must do when acquiring new visual information is recognize the incoming material. Brain areas involved in recognition are the [[inferior temporal cortex]], the superior [[parietal cortex]], and the [[cerebellum]]. During tasks of recognition, there is increased activation in the left inferior temporal cortex and decreased activation in the right superior parietal cortex. Recognition is aided by [[neural plasticity]], or the brain's ability to reshape itself based on new information.<ref>Poldrack, R., Desmond, J., Glover, G., & Gabrieli, J. "The Neural Basis of Visual Skill Learning: An fMRI Study of Mirror Reading". ''Cerebral Cortex''. Jan/Feb 1998.</ref> Next the brain must categorize the material. The three main areas that are used when categorizing new visual information are the [[orbitofrontal cortex]] and two [[dorsolateral prefrontal]] regions which begin the process of sorting new information into groups and further assimilating that information into things that you might already know.<ref>Vogel, R., Sary, G., Dupont, P., Orban, G. ''Human Brain Regions Involved in Visual Categorization''. Elsevier Science (US) 2002.</ref> After recognizing and categorizing new material entered into the [[visual field]], the brain is ready to begin the [[Encoding (memory)|encoding]] process – the process which leads to learning. Multiple brain areas are involved in this process such as the [[frontal lobe]], the right [[extrastriate cortex]], the [[neocortex]], and again, the [[neostriatum]]. One area in particular, the [[limbic]]-diencephalic region, is essential for transforming perceptions into memories.<ref>Squire, L. "Declarative and Nondeclarative Memory: Multiple Brain Systems Supporting Learning and Memory". 1992 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ''Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience'' 4.3.</ref> With the coming together of tasks of recognition, categorization and learning; [[schema (psychology)|schema]]s help make the process of encoding new information and relating it to things you already know much easier. One can remember visual images much better when they can apply it to an already known schema. Schemas actually provide enhancement of [[visual memory]] and learning.<ref>Lord, C. "Schemas and Images as Memory Aids: Two Modes of Processing Social Information". Stanford University. 1980. American Psychological Association.</ref>
==Infancy==
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