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Jennifer E. Ohs uses Problematic integration theory to understand how [[Family|family members]] come to a shared understanding of an [[End-of-life care|end-of-life decision]], how they experience challenges in the process, and how they respond to those challenges. Communication, [[negotiation]], and [[understanding]] between family members may require outside help such as professional counseling or spiritual guidance to facilitate the process. Successful integration of perspectives is essential for families to reach a decision about end-of-life care.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ohs |first=Jennifer E. |title=Problematic Integration and Family Communication about Decisions at the End of Life |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15267431.2017.1348947 |journal=Journal of Family Communication |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=356-371 |via=Taylor & Francis Online}}</ref>
Elisia L. Cohen applies PI to her research to understand the complexities of the experience of [[African-American women|African American women]] to are treated for [[cancer]]. In her research, Cohen found that African American women often confront a double stigma when dealing with cancer and must negotiate their identity in order to claim cancer as their own. This process of naming and claiming cancer has been found to be an important part of the healing process for African American women, as it allows them to take [[ownership]] of their experience and create a sense of agency. Through this study, Cohen provides an important insight into the complexities of cancer and the role of identity in the healing process.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cohen |first=Elisia L. |title=Naming and Claiming Cancer among African American Women: An Application of Problematic Integration Theory |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00909880903233176 |journal=Journal of Applied Communication Research |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=397-417 |via=Taylor & Francis Online}}</ref>
===Related work: Cognitive Dissonance Theory & Uncertainty Management Theory===
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