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[[File:Hamming.jpg|thumb|A two-dimensional visualisation of the [[Hamming distance]], a critical measure in coding theory]]
'''Coding theory''' is the study of the properties of [[code]]s and their respective fitness for specific applications. Codes are used for [[data compression]], [[cryptography]], [[error detection and correction]], [[data transmission]] and [[computer data storage|data storage]]. Codes are studied by various scientific disciplines—such as [[information theory]], [[electrical engineering]], [[mathematics]], [[linguistics]], and [[computer science]]—for the purpose of designing efficient and reliable [[data transmission]] methods. This typically involves the removal of redundancy and the correction or detection of errors in the transmitted data.
There are four types of coding:<ref>{{cite book
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