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{{Short description|Thematic map visualizing multiple variables}}
[[File:Black Hispanic Bivariate Map.png|thumb|400px|Bivariate choropleth map comparing the Black (blue) and Hispanic (red) populations in the United States, 2010 census; shades of purple show significant proportions of both groups.]]
A '''bivariate map''' or '''multivariate map''' is a type of [[thematic map]] that displays two or more [[Variable (mathematics)|variables]] on a single [[map]] by combining different sets of [[Map symbol | symbols]].<ref name="gistbok">Nelson, J. (2020). [https://gistbok.ucgis.org/bok-topics/multivariate-mapping Multivariate Mapping]. ''The Geographic Information Science & Technology Body of Knowledge'' (1st Quarter 2020 Edition), John P. Wilson (ed.). DOI: 10.22224/gistbok/2020.1.5</ref> Each of the variables is represented using a standard [[thematic map]] technique, such as [[Choropleth map | choropleth]], [[cartogram]], or [[Proportional symbol map | proportional symbols]]. They may be the same type or different types, and they may be on separate layers of the map, or they may be combined into a single multivariate symbol.
The typical objective of a multivariate map is to visualize any statistical or geographic [[Correlation and dependence|relationship]] between the variables. It has potential to reveal relationships between variables more effectively than a side-by-side comparison of the corresponding univariate maps, but also has the danger of [[Cognitive overload]] when the symbols and patterns are too complex to easily understand.<ref name="slocum2009">T. Slocum, R. McMaster, F. Kessler, H. Howard (2009). Thematic Cartography and Geovisualization, Third Edn. Pearson Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ.</ref>{{rp|331}}
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